Vera Rubin (nonfiction)
Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates.
She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. This phenomenon became known as the galaxy rotation problem. Although initially met with skepticism, Rubin's results were confirmed over subsequent decades.
As described in her New York Times obituary, she "transformed modern physics and astronomy with her observations showing that galaxies and stars are immersed in the gravitational grip of vast clouds of dark matter.
Her work helped usher in a Copernican-scale change in cosmic consciousness, namely the realization that what astronomers always saw and thought was the universe "is just the visible tip of a lumbering iceberg of mystery."
Rubin wrote:
It has been known for a long time that outside the bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy the luminosity of the galaxy falls off rapidly with distance from the center. If luminosity were a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated toward the center. Outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would fall off inversely as the square root of the distance, in conformity with Kepler's law for the orbital velocity of bodies in the solar system. Instead it has been found that the rotational velocity of spiral galaxies in a diverse sample either remains constant with increasing distance from the center or rises slightly out as far as it is possible to make measurements. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the center is balanced by an increase in nonluminous mass. The distribution of light is not a valid indicator of the distribution of mass either in galaxies or in the universe at large. As much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is evidently not radiating at any wavelength with enough intensity to be detected on the earth. Originally astronomers described the nonluminous component as "missing matter." Today they recognize that it is not missing; it is just not visible.
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External links:
- Vera Rubin @ Wikipedia