Template:Selected anniversaries/December 2: Difference between revisions

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|| *** DONE: Pics ***


|File:Anarchimedes.jpg|link=Anarchimedes|1152: [[Anarchimedes]] casts horoscope in effort to predicts results of the [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]].
File:Siegel der Universitat Leipzig.png|link=Leipzig University (nonfiction)|1409: The [[Leipzig University (nonfiction)|University of Leipzig]] opens. Famous future alumni will include [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (nonfiction)|Leibniz]], Goethe, Ranke, [[Friedrich Nietzsche (nonfiction)|Nietzsche]], Wagner, Angela Merkel, Raila Odinga, and [[Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|Tycho Brahe]].


File:Siegel der Universitat Leipzig.png|link=Leipzig University (nonfiction)|1409: The [[Leipzig University (nonfiction)|University of Leipzig]] opens. Famous future alumni will include [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (nonfiction)|Leibniz]], Goethe, Ranke, [[Friedrich Nietzsche (nonfiction)|Nietzsche]], Wagner, Angela Merkel, Raila Odinga, and [[Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|Tycho Brahe]].
File:Gerardus_Mercator.jpg|link=Gerardus Mercator (nonfiction)|1594: Mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher [[Gerardus Mercator (nonfiction)|Gerardus Mercator]] dies. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts.
 
||1678: Nicolaas Kruik born ... astronomer and cartographer. Pic: map by Kruik.


||1594 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher (b. 1512)
||1759: James Edward Smith born ... botanist and mycologist, founded the Linnean Society. Pic.


||1759 – James Edward Smith, English botanist and mycologist, founded the Linnean Society (d. 1828)
||1794: Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost dies ... doctor and theologian who first described the scientific phenomenon eponymously named the Leidenfrost effect. Pic.


||1823 – Monroe Doctrine: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas.
||1823: Monroe Doctrine: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas.


File:Paul Du Bois-Reymond Heidelberg.jpg|link=Paul du Bois-Reymond (nonfiction)|1831: Mathematician [[Paul du Bois-Reymond (nonfiction)|Paul David Gustav du Bois-Reymond]] born. He will work on the theory of functions and in mathematical physics.
File:Paul Du Bois-Reymond Heidelberg.jpg|link=Paul du Bois-Reymond (nonfiction)|1831: Mathematician [[Paul du Bois-Reymond (nonfiction)|Paul David Gustav du Bois-Reymond]] born. He will work on the theory of functions and in mathematical physics.


||1845 – Manifest destiny: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.
||1844: Adrien-Jean-Pierre Thilorier born ... inventor who was the first person to produce solid carbon dioxide ("dry ice"). Pic: machine.
 
||1845: Manifest destiny: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West.
 
||1859: John Brown dies ... abolitionist who advocated the use of armed insurrection to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. Pic.
 
||1863: Charles Edward Ringling born ... businessman, co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus. Pic (poster).
 
||1873: Karl Heinrich Gräffe dies ... mathematician. He is known for having been the first to enunciate a method to approximate the roots of any polynomial, a method known today as the Dandelin-Gräffe method. No pics online.


||1859 – John Brown, American activist and murderer (b. 1800)
||1885: George Minot born ... physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.


||1863 – Charles Edward Ringling, American businessman, co-founded the Ringling Brothers Circus (d. 1926)
||1891: Otto Dix born ... painter and illustrator. Pic.


||1885 – George Minot, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
||1899: Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.


||1891 – Otto Dix, German painter and illustrator (d. 1969)
||1902: Hubert Stanley Wall born ... mathematician who worked primarily in the field of continued fractions. He is also known as one of the leading proponents of the Moore method of teaching. Pic: https://alchetron.com/Hubert-Stanley-Wall


||1899 – Philippine–American War: The Battle of Tirad Pass, termed "The Filipino Thermopylae", is fought.
||1906: Peter Carl Goldmark born ... engineer ... instrumental in developing the long-playing microgroove 33-1/3 rpm phonograph disc. Pic.


||1906 – Peter Carl Goldmark, Hungarian-American engineer (d. 1977)
||1914: Robert Palmer Dilworth born ... mathematician. His primary research area was lattice theory; his biography at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive states "it would not be an exaggeration to say that he was one of the main factors in the subject moving from being merely a tool of other disciplines to an important subject in its own right". He is best known for Dilworth's theorem (Dilworth 1950) relating chains and antichains in partial orders; he was also the first to study antimatroids. Pic: https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-P-Dilworth/6000000035405400337


||1908 – Puyi becomes Emperor of China at the age of two.
||1923: Physicist Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger born ... known for his contributions to the theory of interacting electrons in one-dimensional metals (the electrons in these metals are said to be in a Luttinger-liquid state) and the Fermi-liquid theory. Pic.
||1924: Hugo von Seeliger born ... astronomer, often considered the most important astronomer of his day. Pic.


|File:Hilbert_curve.gif|link=Hilbert Curve (nonfiction)|1924: [[Hilbert curve (nonfiction)|Hilbert curve]] predicts that ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon (nonfiction)|The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' will be released in 1973.
|File:Hilbert_curve.gif|link=Hilbert Curve (nonfiction)|1924: [[Hilbert curve (nonfiction)|Hilbert curve]] predicts that ''[[The Dark Side of the Moon (nonfiction)|The Dark Side of the Moon]]'' will be released in 1973.


||1927 – Paul Heinrich von Groth, German scientist who systematically classified minerals and founded the journal Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie (b. 1843)
||1927: Paul Heinrich von Groth dies ... scientist who systematically classified minerals and founded the journal ''Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie''. Pic.


||1930 – Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,150,000,000 in 2016) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy.
||1930: Georges François Paul Marie Matheron born ... mathematician and geologist, known as the founder of geostatistics and a co-founder (together with Jean Serra) of mathematical morphology. Pic.


||1939 – New York City's LaGuardia Airport opens.
||1930: Great Depression: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President Herbert Hoover proposes a $150 million (equivalent to $2,150,000,000 in 2016) public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. Pic.


File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|link=Enrico Fermi (nonfiction)|1939: Physicist and crime-fighter [[Enrico Fermi (nonfiction)|Enrico Fermi]] publishes evidence that nuclear weapons will be vulnerable to [[crimes against chemistry]].
||1934: Jakob Meisenheimer dies ... chemist. He made numerous contributions to organic chemistry, the most famous being his proposed structure for a group of compounds now named Meisenheimer complex. Pic.
 
||1939: New York City's LaGuardia Airport opens.


File:Atomic bombing of Japan.jpg|link=Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|1942: During the [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]], a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
File:Atomic bombing of Japan.jpg|link=Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|1942: During the [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]], a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.


||1954 – Cold War: The United States Senate votes 65 to 22 to censure Joseph McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute".
||1943: René de Saussure dies ... Esperantist and professional mathematician (he defended in 1895 a doctoral thesis on a subject in geometry in Geneva), who composed important works about Esperanto and interlinguistics from a linguistic viewpoint. Pic.
 
||1949: The "Green Run" was a secret U.S. Government release of radioactive fission products on December 2–3, 1949, at the Hanford Site plutonium production facility, located in Eastern Washington. Radioisotopes released at that time were supposed to be detected by U.S. Air Force reconnaissance. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to the U.S. Government have revealed some of the details of the experiment. Sources cite 5,500 to 12,000 curies (200 to 440 TBq) of iodine-131 released, and an even greater amount of xenon-133. The radiation was distributed over populated areas.
 
||1954: Cold War: The United States Senate votes 65 to 22 to censure Joseph McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute".


||Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer ForMemRS (d. 2 December 1966), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. He was the founder of the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism.
||1959: Malpasset Dam collapse - killing 423 people in the resulting flood.[1][2] The damage amounted to an equivalent total of US$68 million. The event also ushered in the practise of posthumous marriage in France for civilians as many women who lost their fiancés were granted the right to marry them after death. Pic.


||1970 – The United States Environmental Protection Agency begins operations.
File:Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer.jpg|link=L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|1966: Mathematician and philosopher [[L. E. J. Brouwer (nonfiction)|L. E. J. Brouwer]] dies.  He made contributions to topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis; and he founded the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism.


||1982 – At the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart.
||1970: The United States Environmental Protection Agency begins operations.


||1987 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-Argentinian physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
||1982: Georg Robert Döpel dies ... experimental nuclear physicist. Pic.


File:Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich postage stamp.jpg|link=Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (nonfiction)|1987: Physicist, astronomer, and cosmologist [[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (nonfiction)|Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich]] dies. He played a crucial role in the development of the Soviet Union's nuclear bomb project, associated closely in nuclear weapons testing to study the effects of nuclear explosion from 1943 until 1963.
||1982: At the University of Utah, Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart. Pic (artificial heart).


||1993 – Space Shuttle program: STS-61: NASA launches the Space Shuttle Endeavour on a mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
||1987: Luis Federico Leloir dies ... physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.


||1995 – Mária Telkes, Hungarian–American biophysicist and chemist (b. 1900)
File:Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich postage stamp.jpg|link=Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (nonfiction)|1987: Physicist, astronomer, and cosmologist [[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (nonfiction)|Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich]] dies. He played a crucial role in the development of the Soviet Union's nuclear bomb project, associated closely in nuclear weapons testing to study the effects of nuclear explosion from 1943 until 1963.


||2001 – Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
||1993: Space Shuttle program: STS-61: NASA launches the Space Shuttle Endeavour on a mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.


|File:Tunguska-Preservation-TV.jpg|link=Tunguska Event Preservation Society|[[Tunguska Event Preservation Society]] proposes joint venture with [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]].
||1995: Mária Telkes dies ... biophysicist, scientist and inventor who worked on solar energy technologies. Telkes is considered one of the founders of solar thermal storage systems, earning her the nickname "the Sun Queen". Pic.


|File:Gysin and Burroughs distill Extract of Radium.jpg|link=Extract of Radium|1942: [[Extract of Radium]] gets "extra kick" from [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]] nuclear chain-reaction.
||2001: Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.


File:Zero knowledge proof.png|link=Zero-knowledge proof (nonfiction)|2016: Advances in [[Zero-knowledge proof (nonfiction)|zero-knowledge proof]] theory "are central to the problem of mathematical reliability," says mathematician and crime-fighter [[Alice Beta]].
||******DO THIS: 2002: György Marx born ... physicist, astrophysicist, science historian and professor. He discovered the lepton numbers and established the law of lepton flavor conservation. Pic: crazy cool !!


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Latest revision as of 16:56, 7 February 2022

  • 1409: The University of Leipzig opens. Famous future alumni will include Leibniz, Goethe, Ranke, Nietzsche, Wagner, Angela Merkel, Raila Odinga, and Tycho Brahe.

    1409: The University of Leipzig opens. Famous future alumni will include Leibniz, Goethe, Ranke, Nietzsche, Wagner, Angela Merkel, Raila Odinga, and Tycho Brahe.

  • 1594: Mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher Gerardus Mercator dies. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts.

    1594: Mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher Gerardus Mercator dies. He is most renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts.

  • 1831: Mathematician Paul David Gustav du Bois-Reymond born. He will work on the theory of functions and in mathematical physics.

    1831: Mathematician Paul David Gustav du Bois-Reymond born. He will work on the theory of functions and in mathematical physics.

  • 1942: During the Manhattan Project, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

    1942: During the Manhattan Project, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

  • 1966: Mathematician and philosopher L. E. J. Brouwer dies. He made contributions to topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis; and he founded the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism.

    1966: Mathematician and philosopher L. E. J. Brouwer dies. He made contributions to topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis; and he founded the mathematical philosophy of intuitionism.

  • 1987: Physicist, astronomer, and cosmologist Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich dies. He played a crucial role in the development of the Soviet Union's nuclear bomb project, associated closely in nuclear weapons testing to study the effects of nuclear explosion from 1943 until 1963.

    1987: Physicist, astronomer, and cosmologist Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich dies. He played a crucial role in the development of the Soviet Union's nuclear bomb project, associated closely in nuclear weapons testing to study the effects of nuclear explosion from 1943 until 1963.

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