Template:Selected anniversaries/July 25

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  1616: Physician, alchemist and chemist Andreas Libavius dies. He accepted the Paracelsian principle of using occult properties to explain phenomena with no apparent cause, but rejected the conclusion that a thing possessing these properties must have an astral connection to the divine.

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  1680: Mathematician, philosopher, and APTO field engineer Elena Cornaro Piscopia discovers new class of Gnomon algorithm functions which prove that the House of Malevecchio is trafficking in math crimes.

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  1748: Astronomer Charles Messier's interest in astronomy is stimulated by an annular solar eclipse visible from his hometown.

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  1808: Mathematician Johann Benedict Listing born. He will introduce the term "topology", first in correspondence, then in a famous article published in 1847.

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  1837: The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.

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  1842: Physician and surgeon Dominique Jean Larrey dies. He was an important innovator in battlefield medicine and triage, and is often considered the first modern military surgeon.

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  1920: Chemist and X-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin born. She will make contributions to the discovery of the molecular structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

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  1976: Viking program: The Viking 2 orbiter is turned off after returning almost 16,000 images in about 700–706 orbits around Mars.

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  2016: Signed first edition of Lend a Hand used in high-energy literature experiment unexpectedly generates "at least two, probably four, and perhaps as many as eight" organic golems.

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  2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars observes a minute of silence in memory of the Viking 2 orbiter, which was turned off forty-one years ago, after returning almost 16,000 images in about 700–706 orbits around Mars.