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| || *** DONE: Pat's Blog ***
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| File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|link=Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|1473: Mathematician and astronomer [[Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|Nicolaus Copernicus]] born. He will formulate a model of the universe that places the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. | | File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|link=Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|1473: Mathematician and astronomer [[Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|Nicolaus Copernicus]] born. He will formulate a model of the universe that places the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. |
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| ||1511: Erasmus Reinhold born ... astronomer and mathematician. Pic search.
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| ||1519: Froben Christoph of Zimmern born ... author of the Zimmern Chronicle. Pic.
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| ||1526: Carolus Clusius born ... botanist and academic. Pic.
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| ||1549: 1549 Osiander wrote of Michael Stifel: “He has devised new numbers for the alphabet, namely the triangular numbers, and his fantasies are more absurd than before.” *VFR https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html Pic.
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| ||1553: Erasmus Reinhold dies ... astronomer and mathematician. Pic: https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_Reinhold
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| File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1596: Cryptographer and diplomat [[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|Blaise de Vigenère]] dies. The Vigenère cipher was misattributed to him; Vigenère himself devised a different, stronger cipher.
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| File:Huaynaputina.jpg|link=Huaynaputina (nonfiction)|1600: The [[Huaynaputina (nonfiction)|Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina]] explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
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| ||1622: Henry Savile dies ... scholar and mathematician, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and Provost of Eton. He endowed the Savilian chairs of Astronomy and of Geometry at Oxford University, and was one of the scholars who translated the New Testament from Greek into English. It is interesting to read Savile's comments in these lectures on why he felt that mathematics at that time was not flourishing. Students did not understand the importance of the subject, Savile wrote, there were no teachers to explain the difficult points, the texts written by the leading mathematicians of the day were not studied, and no overall approach to the teaching of mathematics had been formulated. Of course, as we shall see below, fifty years later Savile tried to rectify these shortcomings by setting up two chairs at the University of Oxford. *SAU https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html Pic.
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| File:Galileo E pur si muove.jpg|link=Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|1616: The Inquisition asked a commission of theologians, known as qualifiers, about the propositions of the heliocentric view of the universe after Nicollo Lorin had accused [[Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|Galileo Galilei]] of heretical remarks in a letter to his former student, Benedetto Castelli. | | File:Galileo E pur si muove.jpg|link=Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|1616: The Inquisition asked a commission of theologians, known as qualifiers, about the propositions of the heliocentric view of the universe after Nicollo Lorin had accused [[Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|Galileo Galilei]] of heretical remarks in a letter to his former student, Benedetto Castelli. |
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| ||1660: Friedrich Hoffmann dies ... physician and chemist. Pic.
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| ||1671/72: 1671/72 Newton’s first publication appears as a letter in the Philosophical Transactions. It deals with his new theory of light, showing that a prism separates white light into its component colors. Huygens, Hooke and others objected so strongly that he vowed not to publish again. Fortunately that vow was not kept. *VFR The full text of that publication is here. https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1789: William Fairbairn born ... civil engineer, structural engineer and shipbuilder. Pic.
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| File:Jean Charles Borda.jpg|link=Jean-Charles de Borda (nonfiction)|1799: Mathematician, physicist, and sailor [[Jean-Charles de Borda (nonfiction)|Jean-Charles de Borda]] dies. He contributed to the development of the metric system, constructing a platinum standard meter, the basis of metric distance measurement.
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| ||1804: Carl von Rokitansky born ... physician, pathologist, and philosopher. Pic.
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| ||1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert. Pic.
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| ||1859: Svante Arrhenius born ... physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||1863: Axel Thue born ... mathematician, known for highly original work in diophantine approximation, and combinatorics. He stated in 1914 the so-called word problem for semigroups or Thue problem, closely related to the halting problem. Pic.
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| ||1866: Thomas Jefferson Jackson (T. J. J.) born ... astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven. His educational and professional career were dogged by conflict, including his attacks on relativity. He was fired from his position at two observatories, eventually serving out his professional years in an island outpost in California. Pic.
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| ||1878: Thomas Edison patents the phonograph. TO_DO
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| ||1889: Ernest Marsden born ... physicist. He is recognized internationally for his contributions to science while working under Ernest Rutherford, which led to the discovery of new theories on the structure of the atom. Pic.
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| File:Karl Weierstrass.jpg|link=Karl Weierstrass (nonfiction)|1897: Mathematician and academic [[Karl Weierstrass (nonfiction)|Karl Weierstrass]] dies. He will be cited as the "father of modern analysis".
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| ||1898: Sverre Petterssen born ... meteorologist, prominent in the field of weather analysis and forecasting (D-Day). Pic.
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| ||1901 Messages from Mars reported in Collier's Magazine. While conducting experiments on high-frequency electrical transmission in 1899 in his Colorado Springs, Colorado laboratory, Nikola Tesla picked up cosmic radio waves on his instruments. Announcing this development, he publicly opined that the messages came from outer space, possibly from inhabitants of Mars. In a Collier’s Weekly article dated February 19, 1901, Tesla wrote, “At the present stage of progress, there would be no insurmountable obstacle in constructing a machine capable of conveying a message to Mars … What a tremendous stir this would make in the world! How soon will it come?” Later discoveries revealed that Tesla had actually picked up common radio waves emitted by interstellar gas clouds. *History. Com https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1908: Paul Matthieu Hermann Laurent dies ... mathematician. He developed statistical formulas for the calculation of actuarial tables and studied heat conduction. Pic.
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| ||1915: Fritz Joachim Weyl born ... mathematician. Pic.
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| ||1916: Ernst Mach dies ... physicist and philosopher. Pic.
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| File:Alexander Andreevich Samarskii.jpg|link=Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|1919: Mathematician and academic [[Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|Alexander Andreevich Samarskii]] born. Samarskii will contribute to applied mathematics, numerical analysis, mathematical modeling, and finite difference methods. | | File:Alexander Andreevich Samarskii.jpg|link=Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|1919: Mathematician and academic [[Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|Alexander Andreevich Samarskii]] born. Samarskii will contribute to applied mathematics, numerical analysis, mathematical modeling, and finite difference methods. |
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| ||1929: Joseph Valentin Boussinesq dies ... mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. Pic.
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| ||1938: Edmund Georg Hermann Landau dies ... born mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis. Pic.
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| ||1941: Jacques Curie dies ... physicist, mineralogist, and academic. Together with his younger brother, Pierre Curie, he studied pyroelectricity in the 1880s, leading to their discovery of some of the mechanisms behind piezoelectricity. Pic.
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| ||1942: World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.
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| ||1942: World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin, killing 243 people.
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| ||1946: Karen Silkwood born ... technician and activist. Pic.
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| File:Alan Turing (1930s).jpg|link=Alan Turing (nonfiction)|1946: Mathematician and academic [[Alan Turing (nonfiction)|Alan Turing]] presents the "Proposal for the Development in the Mathematics Division of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) to a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL); the proposal will be approved at a second meeting held a month later. | | File:Alan Turing (1930s).jpg|link=Alan Turing (nonfiction)|1946: Mathematician and academic [[Alan Turing (nonfiction)|Alan Turing]] presents the "Proposal for the Development in the Mathematics Division of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) to a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL); the proposal will be approved at a second meeting held a month later. |
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| ||1949: Danielle Bunten Berry born ... game designer and programmer. Pic.
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| ||1949: Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University. Pic.
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| ||File:Eisenhower in the Oval Office February 1956.jpg|link=Transdimensional corporation|1958: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised address to the nation, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by [[transdimensional corporations]].
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| ||1960: China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.
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| ||1971 The first warrant is issued to search a computer storage. Although the requirements for obtaining such a warrant were similar to those for searching a home, they ushered in a new era that would lead to increasingly sophisticated methods of encryption to hide computer files from law enforcement agents.*CHM https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1972: The New Yorker published an article by A. Adler on “Mathematics and Creativity” that was not well received by the mathematical community. See The [old] Mathematical Intelligencer, no. 2. *VFR https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1976: Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald Ford's Proclamation 4417.
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| ||1985: Mathematician Wilhelm Otto Ludwig Specht dies. He introduced Specht modules, and proved the Specht criterion for unitary equivalence of matrices. Pic.
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| ||1988: André Frédéric Cournand dies ... physician and physiologist, shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards for the development of cardiac catheterization. Pic.
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| ||1990: Otto E. Neugebauer dies ... mathematician and historian of science who became known for his research on the history of astronomy and the other exact sciences in antiquity and into the Middle Ages. By studying clay tablets, he discovered that the ancient Babylonians knew much more about mathematics and astronomy than had been previously realized. Pic search.
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| ||1991: Milton Spinoza Plesset ... applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy. Pic.
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| ||1993: Bernard Taub Feld dies .. professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He helped develop the atomic bomb, and later led an international movement among scientists to banish nuclear weapons. Pic: https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=126451
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| ||1986: Robert Bigham Brode dies ... American physicist, who during World War II led the group at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos laboratory that developed the fuses used in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Pic.
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| ||2000: Samut Prakan radiation accident: retrieval operations begin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samut_Prakan_radiation_accident Pic.
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| ||2002: NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system. Pic.
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| ||2009: Edmund Hlawka dies ... mathematician. He was a leading number theorist. Pic.
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| ||2012: Ruth Barcan Marcus dies ... philosopher and logician ... a pioneer regarding the quantification of modal logic as well as the theory of direct reference ... developed the schemata known as the Barcan formula. Pic.
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| ||2013: Robert Coleman Richardson dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||2014: Valeri Kubasov dies ... engineer and astronaut. Kubasov performed the first welding experiments in space, along with Georgy Shonin. Pic.
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| ||2014: Jim Weirich dies ... computer scientist, developed Rake Software. Pic search.
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| File:Umberto Eco 1984.jpg|link=Umberto Eco (nonfiction)|2016: Novelist, literary critic, and philosopher [[Umberto Eco (nonfiction)|Umberto Eco]] dies. He cited James Joyce and Jorge Luis Borges as the two modern authors who have influenced his work the most.
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| File:Igor Shafarevich.jpg|link=Igor Shafarevich (nonfiction)|2017: Mathematician and dissident [[Igor Shafarevich (nonfiction)|Igor Shafarevich]] dies. He made fundamental contributions to algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry, and arithmetic algebraic geometry.
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