Template:Selected anniversaries/November 14

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  1716: Mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz dies. He developed differential and integral calculus independently of Isaac Newton, and designed and built mechanical calculators.

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  1971: Mathematician and academic Hanna Neumann dies. She contributed to group theory, co-authoring the important paper Wreath products and varieties of groups (with her husband Bernhard and eldest son Peter), and authoring the influential book Varieties of Groups.

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  1971: Mariner 9 enters orbit around Mars. It will map 70% of the surface, and study temporal changes in the atmosphere and surface.

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  2011: Physicist and academic Rudolf Mössbauer dies. He was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery (1957) of recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence (now known as the Mössbauer effect), the basis for Mössbauer spectroscopy.

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  2017: Dennis Paulson celebrates forty-sixth anniversary of Mariner 9 entering orbit around Mars.