October 21
1687: Mathematician and theorist Nicolaus I Bernoulli born. Bernoulli will introduce a successful resolution to the St. Petersburg paradox.
1914: Mathematics and science writer Martin Gardner born. His interests will include stage magic, scientific skepticism, philosophy, religion, and literature.
- André Jagendorf
1926: Botanist and academic André Jagendorf born. Jagendorf provided direct evidence that chloroplasts synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using the chemiosmotic mechanism proposed by Peter Mitchell.
1958: National Pareidolia Day declared in the United States.
1969: Mathematician and academic Wacław Sierpiński dies. He made important contributions to set theory (research on the axiom of choice and the continuum hypothesis), number theory, theory of functions, and topology.