September 3

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  1658: Oliver Cromwell dies. He was a military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

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  1803: Chemist John Dalton uses symbols to represent the atoms making up molecules of different elements.

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  1814: Mathematician and academic James Joseph Sylvester born. He will make fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory, and combinatorics.

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  1925: USS Shenandoah, the United States' first American-built rigid airship, is destroyed in a squall line over Noble County, Ohio killing fourteen of her 42-man crew, including her commander, Zachary Lansdowne.

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  1928: Inventor Philo Farnsworth demonstrates his electronic television system to the press.

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  1976: Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars.

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  2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars celebrates the forty-first anniversary of the end of the Viking 2 spacecraft landing at Utopia Planitia on Mars.