July 14
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1856: Mathematician Charles Hermite is elected to fill the vacancy created by the death of Jacques Binet in the Académie des Sciences.
1904: German diplomat and intelligence officer Hans Bernd Gisevius born. Gisevius will be covert opponent of the Nazi regime, and a radical communist; he will serve as a liaison in Zürich between Allen Dulles, station chief for the American OSS, and the German Resistance forces in Germany.
1962: United States Army tests Small Boy, a tactical nuclear weapon, at the Nevada Test Site. Yield was 1.65 kt.
1965: The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars celebrates fifty-second anniversary of the Mariner 4 flyby of Mars.