Template:Selected anniversaries/April 5: Difference between revisions
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File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1523: Cryptographer and diplomat '''[[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|Blaise de Vigenère]]''' born. The Vigenère cipher will be misattributed to him; Vigenère himself will devise a different, stronger cipher. | File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1523: Cryptographer and diplomat '''[[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|Blaise de Vigenère]]''' born. The Vigenère cipher will be misattributed to him; Vigenère himself will devise a different, stronger cipher. | ||
||1588: Thomas Hobbes born ... philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book ''Leviathan'', which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy. Pic. | ||1588: Thomas Hobbes born ... philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book ''Leviathan'', which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy. Pic. | ||
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File:Sergey Chaplygin.jpg|link=Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|1869: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer [[Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|Sergey Chaplygin]] born. He will be known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. | File:Sergey Chaplygin.jpg|link=Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|1869: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer [[Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|Sergey Chaplygin]] born. He will be known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. | ||
||1877: Georg Faber born ... Faber's most important work was on the polynomial expansion of functions. This is the problem of expanding an analytical function in an area bounded by a smooth curve as a sum of polynomials, where the polynomials are determined by the area. These polynomials are now known as 'Faber polynomials' and first appear in Faber's 1903 paper Über polynomische Entwickelungen published in Mathematische Annalen. Another important paper which he also published in Mathematische Annalen, this time in 1909, was Über stetige Funktionen. In this paper he introduced the 'hierarchical basis' and explicitly used it for the representation of functions. In fact Faber was building on the idea of Archimedes who computed approximately using a hierarchy of polygonal approximations of a circle. Only in the 1980s was Faber's idea seen to be an important ingredient for the efficient solution of partial differential equations. One further achievement of Faber is worthy of mention. In 1894 Lord Rayleigh made the following claim:" ... given a fixed area of ox-hide to make a drum, the ground tone is lowest if you make your drum circular. " Two mathematicians independently verified Rayleigh's conjecture, Faber and Edgar Krahn. *SAU Pic search. | ||1877: Georg Faber born ... Faber's most important work was on the polynomial expansion of functions. This is the problem of expanding an analytical function in an area bounded by a smooth curve as a sum of polynomials, where the polynomials are determined by the area. These polynomials are now known as 'Faber polynomials' and first appear in Faber's 1903 paper Über polynomische Entwickelungen published in Mathematische Annalen. Another important paper which he also published in Mathematische Annalen, this time in 1909, was Über stetige Funktionen. In this paper he introduced the 'hierarchical basis' and explicitly used it for the representation of functions. In fact Faber was building on the idea of Archimedes who computed approximately using a hierarchy of polygonal approximations of a circle. Only in the 1980s was Faber's idea seen to be an important ingredient for the efficient solution of partial differential equations. One further achievement of Faber is worthy of mention. In 1894 Lord Rayleigh made the following claim:" ... given a fixed area of ox-hide to make a drum, the ground tone is lowest if you make your drum circular. " Two mathematicians independently verified Rayleigh's conjecture, Faber and Edgar Krahn. *SAU Pic search. | ||
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||1975: Ralph Austin Bard dies ... financier who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1941–1944, and as Under Secretary, 1944–1945. He is noted for a memorandum he wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in 1945 urging that Japan be given a warning before the use of the atomic bomb on a strategic city. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning." Pic. | ||1975: Ralph Austin Bard dies ... financier who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1941–1944, and as Under Secretary, 1944–1945. He is noted for a memorandum he wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in 1945 urging that Japan be given a warning before the use of the atomic bomb on a strategic city. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning." Pic. | ||
File:Howard Hughes 1940s.jpg|link=Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|1976: Businessman, investor, aviator, film director, and philanthropist [[Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|Howard Hughes]] dies. He was known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. | File:Howard Hughes 1940s.jpg|link=Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|1976: Businessman, investor, aviator, film director, and philanthropist [[Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|Howard Hughes]] dies. He was known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. | ||
Revision as of 21:56, 26 January 2022
1523: Cryptographer and diplomat Blaise de Vigenère born. The Vigenère cipher will be misattributed to him; Vigenère himself will devise a different, stronger cipher.
1622: Mathematician and scientist Vincenzo Viviani born. In 1660, Viviani and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli will conduct an experiment to determine the speed of sound. Timing the difference between the seeing the flash and hearing the sound of a cannon shot at a distance, they will calculate a value of 350 meters per second (m/s), considerably better than the previous value of 478 m/s obtained by Pierre Gassendi.
1684: William Brouncker dies. Brouncker introduced Brouncker's formula, and was the first President of the Royal Society.
1827: Surgeon and scientist Joseph Lister born. He will pioneer antiseptic surgery, performing the first antiseptic surgery in 1865.
1869: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer Sergey Chaplygin born. He will be known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him.
1900: Mathematician, economist, and academic Joseph Louis François Bertrand dies. He worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics.
1976: Businessman, investor, aviator, film director, and philanthropist Howard Hughes dies. He was known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world.