Template:Selected anniversaries/October 8: Difference between revisions
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||1561: Edward Wright baptized... mathematician and cartographer noted for his book Certaine Errors in Navigation (1599; 2nd ed., 1610), which for the first time explained the mathematical basis of the Mercator projection, and set out a reference table giving the linear scale multiplication factor as a function of latitude, calculated for each minute of arc up to a latitude of 75°. This was in fact a table of values of the integral of the secant function, and was the essential step needed to make practical both the making and the navigational use of Mercator charts. No death date. Pic: book cover. | ||1561: Edward Wright baptized... mathematician and cartographer noted for his book Certaine Errors in Navigation (1599; 2nd ed., 1610), which for the first time explained the mathematical basis of the Mercator projection, and set out a reference table giving the linear scale multiplication factor as a function of latitude, calculated for each minute of arc up to a latitude of 75°. This was in fact a table of values of the integral of the secant function, and was the essential step needed to make practical both the making and the navigational use of Mercator charts. No death date. Pic: book cover. | ||
||1604: The supernova now called "Kepler's nova" was first sighted in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer. Johannes Kepler observed it from the time of its appearance as an apparently new star. It encouraged him to write The New Star in 1606. | ||1604: The supernova now called "Kepler's nova" was first sighted in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer. Johannes Kepler observed it from the time of its appearance as an apparently new star. It encouraged him to write ''The New Star'' in 1606. | ||
||1621: Antoine de Montchrestien, French soldier, playwright, and economist. | ||1621: Antoine de Montchrestien, French soldier, playwright, and economist. No DOB. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=antoine+de+montchrestien | ||
||1647: Christen Sørensen Longomontanus dies ... astronomer and mathematician. Pic. | ||1647: Christen Sørensen Longomontanus dies ... astronomer and mathematician. Pic. | ||
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||1810: James Wilson Marshall born ... carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush. The mill property was owned by Johann (John) Sutter who employed Marshall to build his mill. The wave of gold seekers turned everyone's attention away from the mill which eventually fell into disrepair and was never used as intended. Neither Marshall nor Sutter ever profited from the gold find. Pic. | ||1810: James Wilson Marshall born ... carpenter and sawmill operator, who reported the finding of gold at Coloma on the American River in California on January 24, 1848, the impetus for the California Gold Rush. The mill property was owned by Johann (John) Sutter who employed Marshall to build his mill. The wave of gold seekers turned everyone's attention away from the mill which eventually fell into disrepair and was never used as intended. Neither Marshall nor Sutter ever profited from the gold find. Pic. | ||
||1834: Jakob Steiner appointed extraordinary professor at the University of Berlin, a post he held until his death in 1863. | ||1834: Jakob Steiner appointed extraordinary professor at the University of Berlin, a post he held until his death in 1863. Pic. | ||
||1850: Henry Louis Le Châtelier born ... chemist and academic. | ||1850: Henry Louis Le Châtelier born ... chemist and academic ... devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists to predict the effect a changing condition has on a system in chemical equilibrium. Pic. | ||
||1856: The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River. | ||1856: The Second Opium War between several western powers and China begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River. | ||
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||1864: Kikunae Ikeda born ... chemist and Tokyo Imperial University professor of Chemistry who, in 1908, uncovered the chemical basis of a taste he named umami. Pic. | ||1864: Kikunae Ikeda born ... chemist and Tokyo Imperial University professor of Chemistry who, in 1908, uncovered the chemical basis of a taste he named umami. Pic. | ||
||1872: Mary Engle Pennington born ... bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer. | ||1872: Mary Engle Pennington born ... bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer. Pic. | ||
||1873: Ejnar Hertzsprung dies ... chemist and astronomer ... together with Henry Norris Russell, he developed the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Pic. | ||1873: Ejnar Hertzsprung dies ... chemist and astronomer ... together with Henry Norris Russell, he developed the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Pic. | ||
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||1908: Hans Heilbronn born ... mathematician. He will prove that the class number of the number field {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ({\sqrt {-d}})} \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d}) tends to plus infinity as {\displaystyle d} d does Pic: https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2008/5965.html | ||1908: Hans Heilbronn born ... mathematician. He will prove that the class number of the number field {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ({\sqrt {-d}})} \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-d}) tends to plus infinity as {\displaystyle d} d does Pic: https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2008/5965.html | ||
||1910: Helmut Kallmeyer born ... chemist and soldier. | ||1910: Helmut Kallmeyer born ... chemist and soldier ... served as a consultant in Adolf Hitler's Chancellery (Kanzlei des Führers) for gasification methods. Later, he worked in the Technical Institute for the Detection of Crime (Kriminaltechnisches Institut der Sicherheitspolizei, KTI). He was involved in Action T4, Nazi Germany's program to murder people with disabilities. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Helmut+Kallmeyer | ||
||1912: Saul Winstein born ... chemist who discovered the Winstein reaction. He argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=saul+winstein | ||1912: Saul Winstein born ... chemist who discovered the Winstein reaction. He argued a non-classical cation was needed to explain the stability of the norbornyl cation. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=saul+winstein | ||
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||1913: Robert Rowe Gilruth born ... aerospace scientist, engineer, and a pioneer of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs. He developed the X-1, first plane to break the sound barrier. Gilruth directed Project Mercury, the initial program for achieving manned space flight. Under his leadership, the first American astronaut orbited the Earth only a little over 3 years after NASA was created. In 1961, President Kennedy and the Congress committed the nation to a manned lunar landing within the decade. Gilruth was named the Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center and assigned the responsibility of designing and developing the spacecraft and associated equipment, planning and controlling missions, and training flight crews. He retired from NASA in 1973. Pic. | ||1913: Robert Rowe Gilruth born ... aerospace scientist, engineer, and a pioneer of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs. He developed the X-1, first plane to break the sound barrier. Gilruth directed Project Mercury, the initial program for achieving manned space flight. Under his leadership, the first American astronaut orbited the Earth only a little over 3 years after NASA was created. In 1961, President Kennedy and the Congress committed the nation to a manned lunar landing within the decade. Gilruth was named the Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center and assigned the responsibility of designing and developing the spacecraft and associated equipment, planning and controlling missions, and training flight crews. He retired from NASA in 1973. Pic. | ||
||1917: Rodney Robert Porter born ... biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize | ||1917: Rodney Robert Porter born ... biochemist and physiologist. In 1972, Porter shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Gerald M. Edelman for determining the chemical structure of an antibody. Using the enzyme papain, he broke the blood's immunoglobin into fragments, making them easier to study. He also looked into how the blood's immunoglobins react with cellular surfaces. Pic. | ||
||1918: Jens Christian Skou born ... chemist and physiologist | ||1918: Jens Christian Skou born ... chemist and physiologist. In 1997 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (together with Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker) for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase. Pic. | ||
File:John Ashworth Nelder.jpg|link=John Nelder (nonfiction)|1924: Mathematician and statistician [[John Nelder (nonfiction)|John Nelder]] born. He will contribute to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory. He will also be responsible, with Max Nicholson and James Ferguson-Lees, for debunking the [[Hastings Rarities (nonfiction)|Hastings Rarities]]. | File:John Ashworth Nelder.jpg|link=John Nelder (nonfiction)|1924: Mathematician and statistician [[John Nelder (nonfiction)|John Nelder]] born. He will contribute to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory. He will also be responsible, with Max Nicholson and James Ferguson-Lees, for debunking the [[Hastings Rarities (nonfiction)|Hastings Rarities]]. | ||
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||1974: Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States. | ||1974: Franklin National Bank collapses due to fraud and mismanagement; at the time it is the largest bank failure in the history of the United States. | ||
||1985: Malcolm Ross dies ... American captain, physicist, and balloonist. | ||1985: Malcolm Ross dies ... American captain, physicist, and balloonist. Pic. | ||
File:Gordon Welchman.jpg|link=Gordon Welchman (nonfiction)|1985: Mathematician, cryptographer, and author [[Gordon Welchman (nonfiction)|Gordon Welchman]] dies. During the Second World War, he developed traffic analysis techniques for breaking German codes. | File:Gordon Welchman.jpg|link=Gordon Welchman (nonfiction)|1985: Mathematician, cryptographer, and author [[Gordon Welchman (nonfiction)|Gordon Welchman]] dies. During the Second World War, he developed traffic analysis techniques for breaking German codes. | ||
Revision as of 05:24, 20 November 2019
1860: Telegraph line between Los Angeles and San Francisco opens.
1907: Author and illustrator Richard Sharpe Shaver born. He will write stories in which he claimed that he has had personal experience of a sinister, ancient civilization that harbors fantastic technology in caverns under the earth.
1924: Mathematician and statistician John Nelder born. He will contribute to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory. He will also be responsible, with Max Nicholson and James Ferguson-Lees, for debunking the Hastings Rarities.
1925: Signed first edition of Culvert Origenes and The Governess stolen by math criminals.
1941: Mathematician and crime-fighter Joseph Wedderburn the Artin–Wedderburn theorem on simple algebras to detect and prevent crimes against mathematical constants.
1942: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer Sergey Chaplygin dies. He is known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him.
1946: Sea-creature and alleged supervillain Neptune Slaughter denies sinking the Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryu.
1985: Mathematician, cryptographer, and author Gordon Welchman dies. During the Second World War, he developed traffic analysis techniques for breaking German codes.
2009: Physicist and crime-fighter Tullio Regge uses spin foam models to detect and prevent crimes against physics, warns that quantum gravity "may still be at risk."
2016: Butterfly voted Picture of the Day by the citizens of New Minneapolis, Canada.