Template:Selected anniversaries/October 13: Difference between revisions

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||AD 54 – Emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances; his 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him.
||AD 54: Emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances; his 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him.


||1307 – Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.
||1307: Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.


File:Geminiano Montanari.jpg|link=Geminiano Montanari (nonfiction)|1687: Astronomer, lens-maker, and academic [[Geminiano Montanari (nonfiction)|Geminiano Montanari]] dies. He made the observation that Algol in the constellation of Perseus varies in brightness.
File:Geminiano Montanari.jpg|link=Geminiano Montanari (nonfiction)|1687: Astronomer, lens-maker, and academic [[Geminiano Montanari (nonfiction)|Geminiano Montanari]] dies. He made the observation that Algol in the constellation of Perseus varies in brightness.
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File:Nicolas Malebranche.jpg|link=Nicolas Malebranche (nonfiction)|1715: Priest and philosopher [[Nicolas Malebranche (nonfiction)|Nicolas Malebranche]] dies. He was instrumental in introducing and disseminating the work of [[René Descartes (nonfiction)|René Descartes]] and [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (nonfiction)|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] in France.
File:Nicolas Malebranche.jpg|link=Nicolas Malebranche (nonfiction)|1715: Priest and philosopher [[Nicolas Malebranche (nonfiction)|Nicolas Malebranche]] dies. He was instrumental in introducing and disseminating the work of [[René Descartes (nonfiction)|René Descartes]] and [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (nonfiction)|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] in France.


||Gabriele Manfredi (d. 1761) was an Italian mathematician who undertook important work in the field of calculus.
||1761: Gabriele Manfredi dies ... mathematician who undertook important work in the field of calculus.


File:Charles Messier.jpg|link=Charles Messier (nonfiction)|1773: The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by [[Charles Messier (nonfiction)|Charles Messier]].
File:Charles Messier.jpg|link=Charles Messier (nonfiction)|1773: The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by [[Charles Messier (nonfiction)|Charles Messier]].
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File:The Custodian.jpg|link=The Custodian|1774: [[The Custodian]] prevents the Whirlpool Galaxy Gang from committing astronomical [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:The Custodian.jpg|link=The Custodian|1774: [[The Custodian]] prevents the Whirlpool Galaxy Gang from committing astronomical [[crimes against mathematical constants]].


||1820 – John William Dawson, Canadian geologist and academic (d. 1899)
||1820: John William Dawson born ... geologist and academic.


||Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (English: /ˈvɪərkoʊ, ˈfɪərxoʊ/; German: [ˈvɪɐ̯çoː]; 13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" because his work helped to discredit humourism, bringing more science to medicine. He is also known as the founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine".
||1821: Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow born ... physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" because his work helped to discredit humourism, bringing more science to medicine. He is also known as the founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine".


||1821 – Rudolf Virchow, German physician, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
||1866: William Hopkins dies ... mathematician and geologist. He made important contributions in asserting a solid, rather than fluid, interior for the Earth and explaining many geological phenomena in terms of his model. However, though his conclusions proved to be correct, his mathematical and physical reasoning were subsequently seen as unsound.


||William Hopkins FRS (d. 13 October 1866) was an English mathematician and geologist. He made important contributions in asserting a solid, rather than fluid, interior for the Earth and explaining many geological phenomena in terms of his model. However, though his conclusions proved to be correct, his mathematical and physical reasoning were subsequently seen as unsound.
||1870: Albert Jay Nock born ... theorist, author, and critic born ... conservative.


||1870 – Albert Jay Nock, American theorist, author, and critic (d. 1945) - conservative
||1884: The International Meridian Conference votes on a resolution to establish the meridian passing through the Observatory of Greenwich, in London, as the initial meridian for longitude.


||1884 – The International Meridian Conference votes on a resolution to establish the meridian passing through the Observatory of Greenwich, in London, as the initial meridian for longitude.
File:Georg_Feigl.jpg|link=Georg Feigl (nonfiction)|1890: Mathematician [[Georg Feigl (nonfiction)|Georg Feigl]] born. He will work on the foundations of geometry and topology, studying fixed point theorems for ''n''-dimensional manifolds. Feigl will be one of the initial authors of the ''Mathematisches Wörterbuch''.


File:Georg_Feigl.jpg|link=Georg Feigl (nonfiction)|1890: Mathematician [[Georg Feigl (nonfiction)|Georg Feigl]] born. He will work on the foundations of geometry and topology, studying fixed point theorems for ''n''-dimensional manifolds. Feigl will be one of the initial authors of the ''Mathematisches Wörterbuch''.
||1892: Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13–14.


||1892 – Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13–14.
||1893: Kurt Reidemeister born ... mathematician connected to the Vienna Circle.


||1893 – Kurt Reidemeister, German mathematician connected to the Vienna Circle (d. 1971)
||1908: Daniel Coit Gilman dies ... educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the third president of the University of California, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark "the starting point of postgraduate education in the U.S."


||Daniel Coit Gilman (d. October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the third president of the University of California, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark "the starting point of postgraduate education in the U.S."
||1913: Gyula Vályidies ... mathematician and theoretical physicist, a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, known for his work on mathematical analysis, geometry, and number theory. Pic.


||Marcel Deprez (d. October 13, 1918) was a French electrical engineer. Pic.
||1918: Marcel Deprez dies ... electrical engineer. Pic.


||1938 – E. C. Segar, American cartoonist, created Popeye (b. 1894)
||1938: E. C. Segar dies ... cartoonist, created Popeye.


||1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F. A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.
||1976: The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F. A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.


||1979: Mathematician and logician Gholam Hossein Mosaheb dies. Pic. Birth/death dates confusion, see: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mosaheb-gholam-hosayn
||1979: Mathematician and logician Gholam Hossein Mosaheb dies. Pic. Birth/death dates confusion, see: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mosaheb-gholam-hosayn


||1987 – Walter Houser Brattain, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
||1987: Walter Houser Brattain dies ... physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate.


File:Lorenz_attractor_trajectory-through-phase-space.gif|link=Lorenz system (nonfiction)|1989: [[Lorenz system (nonfiction)|Lorenz system]] develops self-awareness, experiences irrational fear of the number thirteen.
File:Lorenz_attractor_trajectory-through-phase-space.gif|link=Lorenz system (nonfiction)|1989: [[Lorenz system (nonfiction)|Lorenz system]] develops self-awareness, experiences irrational fear of the number thirteen.


||Hans Freudenthal (d. 13 October 1990) was a German-born Dutch mathematician. He made substantial contributions to algebraic topology and also took an interest in literature, philosophy, history and mathematics education.
||1990: Hans Freudenthal dies ... mathematician. He made substantial contributions to algebraic topology and also took an interest in literature, philosophy, history and mathematics education.


||Olga Arsenievna Oleinik (d. 13 October 2001) was a Soviet mathematician who conducted pioneering work on the theory of partial differential equations, the theory of strongly inhomogeneous elastic media, and the mathematical theory of boundary layers.  Pic.
||2001: Olga Arsenievna Oleinik dies ... mathematician who conducted pioneering work on the theory of partial differential equations, the theory of strongly inhomogeneous elastic media, and the mathematical theory of boundary layers.  Pic.


||2003 – Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
||2003: Bertram Brockhouse dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.


||File:Egg Tooth Neighborhood Association logo.jpg|link=Egg Tooth (neighborhood)|[[Egg Tooth (neighborhood)|Egg Tooth Neighborhood Association]] volunteers answer questions, calm fears about the number thirteen.
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