Template:Selected anniversaries/July 13: Difference between revisions

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||1896: Friedrich August Kekulé dies ... organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.
||1896: Friedrich August Kekulé dies ... organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.


||1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
||1904: Mathematician and adademic Alfred Leon Foster born.  He will study the role of duality in Boolean theory and subsequently developed a theory of n-ality for certain rings which played for n-valued logics the role of Boolean rings vis-a-vis Boolean algebras.  Pic.


|| 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
||1919: The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.


||1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
||1921: Gabriel Lippmann dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.
 
||1934: Mary E. Byrd dies ... astronomer and academic.


File:IF-THEN-ELSE-END flowchart.svg.png|link=Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|1956 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "[[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|Artificial intelligence]]" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.
File:IF-THEN-ELSE-END flowchart.svg.png|link=Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|1956 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "[[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|Artificial intelligence]]" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.


||Kurt Diebner (d. 13 July 1964) was a German nuclear physicist who is well known for directing and administrating the German nuclear energy project, a secretive program aiming to build nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany during the course of World War II. Pic.
||1964: Kurt Diebner dies ... nuclear physicist who is well known for directing and administrating the German nuclear energy project, a secretive program aiming to build nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany during the course of World War II. Pic.


||1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
||1970: Leslie Groves dies ... American general and engineer (b. 1896)


File:Skip Digits, Conductor.jpg|link=Skip Digits, Conductor|1972: Signed first edition of ''[[Skip Digits, Conductor]]'' sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.
File:Skip Digits, Conductor.jpg|link=Skip Digits, Conductor|1972: Signed first edition of ''[[Skip Digits, Conductor]]'' sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.
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File:Nixon April-29-1974.jpg|link=Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|1973: [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)]]: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|Watergate break-in]].
File:Nixon April-29-1974.jpg|link=Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|1973: [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)]]: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|Watergate break-in]].


||1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
||1974: Patrick Blackett dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.


File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "[[Crimes against mathematical constants|quasi-empirical crimes]]".
File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "[[Crimes against mathematical constants|quasi-empirical crimes]]".


||1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer (?) and author (b. 1909) There is a quotation by her on the back of the Canadian $20 bill that reads: "Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts?"
||1983: Gabrielle Roy dies ... engineer (?) and author ... There is a quotation by her on the back of the Canadian $20 bill that reads: "Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts?"


||Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano (d. 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist and academic. He was known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon–Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality. He also invented the Fano algorithm and postulated the Fano metric. Pic.
||2016: Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano dies ... computer scientist and academic. He was known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon–Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality. He also invented the Fano algorithm and postulated the Fano metric. Pic.


||Norman Woodason Johnson (d. July 13, 2017) was a mathematician. In 1966 he enumerated 92 convex non-uniform polyhedra with regular faces. Victor Zalgaller later proved (1969) that Johnson's list was complete; the complete set is now known as the Johnson solids. Pic.
||2017: Norman Woodason Johnson dies ... mathematician. In 1966 he enumerated 92 convex non-uniform polyhedra with regular faces. Victor Zalgaller later proved (1969) that Johnson's list was complete; the complete set is now known as the Johnson solids. Pic.


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Revision as of 12:38, 3 September 2018

  • 100 BC: Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

    100 BC: Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

  • 1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer John Dee born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.

    1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer John Dee born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.

  • 1956 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "Artificial intelligence" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.

    1956 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "Artificial intelligence" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.

  • 1972: Signed first edition of Skip Digits, Conductor sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.

    1972: Signed first edition of Skip Digits, Conductor sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.

  • 1973: Watergate scandal (nonfiction): Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break-in.

    1973: Watergate scandal (nonfiction): Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break-in.

  • 1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter Hilary Putnam publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "quasi-empirical crimes".

    1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter Hilary Putnam publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "quasi-empirical crimes".

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