Template:Selected anniversaries/July 19: Difference between revisions

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||1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
||1545: The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.


File:Cesare Cremonini.jpg|link=Cesare Cremonini (nonfiction)|1631:  Philosopher and academic [[Cesare Cremonini (nonfiction)|Cesare Cremonini]] dies. His work promoted rationalism (against revelation) and Aristotelian materialism (against the dualist immortality of the soul) inside scholasticism.
File:Cesare Cremonini.jpg|link=Cesare Cremonini (nonfiction)|1631:  Philosopher and academic [[Cesare Cremonini (nonfiction)|Cesare Cremonini]] dies. His work promoted rationalism (against revelation) and Aristotelian materialism (against the dualist immortality of the soul) inside scholasticism.
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File:Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac.jpg|link=Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (nonfiction)|1632: Mathematician and linguist [[Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (nonfiction)|Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac]] discovers a new method of constructing magic squares, which he will soon use to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].  
File:Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac.jpg|link=Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (nonfiction)|1632: Mathematician and linguist [[Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (nonfiction)|Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac]] discovers a new method of constructing magic squares, which he will soon use to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].  


||Olof Celsius (the elder) (b. 19 July 1670) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, Hierobotanicos, in 1745-47. Pic.
||1670: Olof Celsius (the elder) born ... botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, Hierobotanicos, in 1745-47. Pic.


||1684 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1646)
||1684: Elena Cornaro Piscopia dies ... mathematician and philosopher.


||Antonio Maria Bordoni (b. 19 July 1789) was an Italian mathematician who did research on mathematical analysis, geometry, and mechanics.
||1789: Antonio Maria Bordoni born ... mathematician who did research on mathematical analysis, geometry, and mechanics.


File:Samuel Colt.jpg|link=Samuel Colt (nonfiction)|1814: Engineer and businessman [[Samuel Colt (nonfiction)|Samuel Colt]] born. He will found Colt's Manufacturing Company.
File:Samuel Colt.jpg|link=Samuel Colt (nonfiction)|1814: Engineer and businessman [[Samuel Colt (nonfiction)|Samuel Colt]] born. He will found Colt's Manufacturing Company.


||Charles Auguste Briot (19 July 1817) was a French mathematician who worked on elliptic functions. The Académie des Sciences awarded him the Poncelet Prize in 1882. Pic.
||1817: Charles Auguste Briot (19 July 1817) was a French mathematician who worked on elliptic functions. The Académie des Sciences awarded him the Poncelet Prize in 1882. Pic.


||1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (b. 1783)
||1824: Agustín de Iturbide dies ... general and emperor.


||1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (b. 1785)
||1838: Pierre Louis Dulong dies ... physicist and chemist.


||1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
||1843: Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.


||1845 – Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan began early in the morning and was subdued that afternoon. The fire killed 4 firefighters, 26 civilians, and destroyed 345 buildings.
||1845: Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan began early in the morning and was subdued that afternoon. The fire killed 4 firefighters, 26 civilians, and destroyed 345 buildings.


||Elling Bolt Holst (b. 19 July 1849) was a Norwegian mathematician, biographer and children's writer.
||1849: Elling Bolt Holst born ... mathematician, biographer and children's writer.


||Raphael Meldola FRS (b. 19 July 1849) was a British chemist and entomologist. Meldola blue. Pic.
||1849: Raphael Meldola born ... chemist and entomologist. Meldola blue. Pic.


||1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (b. 1796)
||1857: Stefano Franscini dies ... statistician and politician.


||1865 – Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (d. 1933)
||1865: Georges Friedel born ... mineralogist and crystallographer.


||1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
||1865: Charles Horace Mayo born ... surgeon, founded the Mayo Clinic.


||1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1847) Yegor (Egor) Ivanovich Zolotarev (Russian: Его́р Ива́нович Золотарёв) (March 31, 1847, Saint Petersburg – July 19, 1878, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian mathematician.
||1878: Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev dies ... mathematician and academic.


||1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (d. 1963)
||1881: Friedrich Dessauer born ... physicist and philosopher.


||1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (d. 1972)
||1883: Max Fleischer born ... animator and producer.


||Johannes Peter Letzmann (b. 19 July 1885) was an Estonian meteorologist, and a pioneering tornado researcher. His prolific output related to severe storms concepts included: developing tornado damage studies, atmospheric vortices, theoretical studies and laboratory simulations, tornado case studies, and observation programs. It generated extensive analysis techniques and insights on tornadoes at a time when there was still very little research on the subject in the United States. Pic.
||1885: Johannes Peter Letzmann born ... meteorologist, and a pioneering tornado researcher. His prolific output related to severe storms concepts included: developing tornado damage studies, atmospheric vortices, theoretical studies and laboratory simulations, tornado case studies, and observation programs. It generated extensive analysis techniques and insights on tornadoes at a time when there was still very little research on the subject in the United States. Pic.


||1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician and academic (d. 1957)
||1886: Michael Fekete born ... mathematician and academic.


File:Niles Cartouchian 2.jpg|link=Niles Cartouchian|1893: Famed gem detective and diplomat [[Niles Cartouchian]] foils villains, returns stolen relics, brokers peace accord.
File:Niles Cartouchian 2.jpg|link=Niles Cartouchian|1893: Famed gem detective and diplomat [[Niles Cartouchian]] foils villains, returns stolen relics, brokers peace accord.
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File:Aleksandr Khinchin.gif|link=Aleksandr Khinchin (nonfiction)|1894: Mathematician and academic [[Aleksandr Khinchin (nonfiction)|Aleksandr Khinchin]] born. He will become one of the founders of modern probability theory.
File:Aleksandr Khinchin.gif|link=Aleksandr Khinchin (nonfiction)|1894: Mathematician and academic [[Aleksandr Khinchin (nonfiction)|Aleksandr Khinchin]] born. He will become one of the founders of modern probability theory.


||1894 – Percy Spencer, American physicist and inventor of the microwave oven (d. 1969)
||1894: Percy Spencer born ... physicist and inventor of the microwave oven/


File:Radium Jane.jpg|link=Radium Jane|1895: Celebrity time-traveller [[Radium Jane]] says that [[Extract of Radium]] gives her the steady nerves she needs to fight [[crimes against mathematical constants]].  
File:Radium Jane.jpg|link=Radium Jane|1895: Celebrity time-traveller [[Radium Jane]] says that [[Extract of Radium]] gives her the steady nerves she needs to fight [[crimes against mathematical constants]].  


||1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
||1900: The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.


||1920 – Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (d. 2015) Cold fusion
||1920: Richard Oriani born ... metallurgist and engineer dies ... Cold fusion


||1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
||1921: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1929 – Gaston Glock, Austrian engineer and businessman, co-founded Glock Ges.m.b.H.
||1929: Gaston Glock, Austrian engineer and businessman, co-founded Glock Ges.m.b.H.


||1947 – Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and eight others are assassinated.
||1929: David Ritz Finkelstein born ... professor of physics ... Finkelstein and Charles W. Misner found the gravitational kink, a topological defect in the gravitational metric, whose quantum theory could exhibit spin 1/2. Finkelstein determined that whatever falls past the Schwarzschild radius into a black hole cannot escape it; the membrane is one-directional.  Pic: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Finkelstein2 (local copy)


||1947 – Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.
||1947: Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and eight others are assassinated.


||1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
||1947: Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.


||Alvin Cushman Graves (d. July 19, 1965) was an American nuclear physicist who served at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory and the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. After the war, he became the head of J (Test) Division at Los Alamos, and was director or assistant director of numerous nuclear weapons tests during the 1940s and 1950s. Pic.
||1963: Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.


||1977 – The world's first Global Positioning System (GPS) signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (NTS-2) and received at Rockwell Collins in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, at 12:41 a.m. Eastern time (ET).[1]
||1965: Alvin Cushman Graves dies ... nuclear physicist who served at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory and the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. After the war, he became the head of J (Test) Division at Los Alamos, and was director or assistant director of numerous nuclear weapons tests during the 1940s and 1950s. Pic.


||1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing the Soviet Union had been stealing American technological research and development.
||1977: The world's first Global Positioning System (GPS) signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (NTS-2) and received at Rockwell Collins in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, at 12:41 a.m. Eastern time (ET).[1]
 
||1981: In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing the Soviet Union had been stealing American technological research and development.


File:Hugh Everett III.jpg|link=Hugh Everett III (nonfiction)|1982: Physicist [[Hugh Everett III (nonfiction)|Hugh Everett III]] dies. He proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics.
File:Hugh Everett III.jpg|link=Hugh Everett III (nonfiction)|1982: Physicist [[Hugh Everett III (nonfiction)|Hugh Everett III]] dies. He proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics.
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File:Lorenz_attractor_trajectory-through-phase-space.gif|link=Lorenz system (nonfiction)|1984: New type of [[Lorenz system (nonfiction)|Lorenz system]] displays artificial intelligence, forecasts [[crimes against mathematical constants]] up to ten megabytes per fluid minute in advance.
File:Lorenz_attractor_trajectory-through-phase-space.gif|link=Lorenz system (nonfiction)|1984: New type of [[Lorenz system (nonfiction)|Lorenz system]] displays artificial intelligence, forecasts [[crimes against mathematical constants]] up to ten megabytes per fluid minute in advance.


||2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (b. 1944)
||2007: Roberto Fontanarrosa dies ... cartoonist.


||Gerson Goldhaber (d. July 19, 2010) was a German-born American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was one of the discoverers of the J/ψ meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark. Pic.
||2010: Gerson Goldhaber dies ... particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was one of the discoverers of the J/ψ meson which confirmed the existence of the charm quark. Pic.


||2011 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
||2011: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.
 
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