Template:Selected anniversaries/April 19: Difference between revisions

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||Michael Stifel or Styfel (1487 – April 19, 1567) was a German monk and mathematician. He was an Augustinian who became an early supporter of Martin Luther. He was later appointed professor of mathematics at Jena University. Pic.
||1567: Michael Stifel dies ... monk and mathematician. He was an Augustinian who became an early supporter of Martin Luther. He was later appointed professor of mathematics at Jena University. Pic.


||Nicholas Saunderson (d. 19 April 1739) was a blind English scientist and mathematician. According to one historian of statistics, he may have been the earliest discoverer of Bayes theorem. Pic.  
||1739: Nicholas Saunderson dies ... scientist and mathematician. According to one historian of statistics, he may have been the earliest discoverer of Bayes theorem. Pic.  


||Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (b. 19 April 1795), German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time. Ehrenberg was an evangelist. Pic.
||1795: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg born ... naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time. Ehrenberg was an evangelist. Pic.


||Gustav Theodor Fechner (b. 19 April 1801), was a German philosopher, physicist and experimental psychologist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics, he inspired many 20th century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus which became known as the Weber–Fechner law. Pic.
||1801: Gustav Theodor Fechner born ... philosopher, physicist and experimental psychologist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics, he inspired many 20th century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus which became known as the Weber–Fechner law. Pic.


||1806 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (d. 1859)
||1806: Isambard Kingdom Brunel born ... engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (d. 1859)


||1830 – Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer and cinematographer (d. 1904)
||1830: Eadweard Muybridge born ... photographer and cinematographer.


||José Echegaray y Eizaguirre (b. 19 April 1832) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize for Literature "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama".
||1832: José Echegaray y Eizaguirre born ... civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize for Literature "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama".


||Professor Robert Jameson FRS FRSE (11 July 1774 – 19 April 1854) was a Scottish naturalist and mineralogist. Pic.
||1854: Professor Robert Jameson dies ... naturalist and mineralogist. Pic.


||1860 – On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
File:Edouard-Léon Scott de Martinville.jpg|link=Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville (nonfiction)|1860: On his phonautograph machine, [[Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville (nonfiction)|Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville]] makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.


File:Karl Mikhailovich Peterson.jpg|link=Karl Mikhailovich Peterson (nonfiction)|1881: Mathematician [[Karl Mikhailovich Peterson (nonfiction)|Karl Mikhailovich Peterson]] dies. He discovered equations which were subsequently named the Gauss–Codazzi equations, fundamental to the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space.
File:Karl Mikhailovich Peterson.jpg|link=Karl Mikhailovich Peterson (nonfiction)|1881: Mathematician [[Karl Mikhailovich Peterson (nonfiction)|Karl Mikhailovich Peterson]] dies. He discovered equations which were subsequently named the Gauss–Codazzi equations, fundamental to the theory of embedded hypersurfaces in a Euclidean space.
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File:Flying Bison.jpg|link=Flying bison|1882: Large herd of [[Flying bison]] (''Bison pterobonasus'') migrates from [[Periphery (town)|Periphery]] to [[New Minneapolis, Canada]].
File:Flying Bison.jpg|link=Flying bison|1882: Large herd of [[Flying bison]] (''Bison pterobonasus'') migrates from [[Periphery (town)|Periphery]] to [[New Minneapolis, Canada]].


||Richard Edler von Mises (b. 19 April 1883) was a scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory.  
||1883: Richard Edler von Mises born ... scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory.  


||Leonida Tonelli (b. 19 April 1885) was an Italian mathematician, noted for creating Tonelli's theorem, a variation of Fubini's theorem, and for introducing semicontinuity methods as a common tool for the direct method in the calculus of variations.
||1885: Leonida Tonelli born ...mathematician, noted for creating Tonelli's theorem, a variation of Fubini's theorem, and for introducing semicontinuity methods as a common tool for the direct method in the calculus of variations.


||1889 – Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist and academic (b. 1786)
||1889: Michel Eugène Chevreul dies ... chemist and academic (b. 1786)


||Kiyoshi Oka (b. April 19, 1901) was a Japanese mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of several complex variables. Pic.
||1901: Kiyoshi Oka born ... mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of several complex variables. Pic.


||Charles Ehresmann (b. 19 April 1905) was a French mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jets of a smooth map, and his seminar on category theory.
||1905: Charles Ehresmann born ... mathematician who worked in differential topology and category theory. He was an early member of the Bourbaki group, and is known for his work on the differential geometry of smooth fiber bundles, notably the Ehresmann connection, the concept of jets of a smooth map, and his seminar on category theory.


||Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (b. 19 April 1909), known as Hugh Alexander and C. H. O'D. Alexander as a pen name, was an Irish-born British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer. He worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during the Second World War, and was later the head of the cryptanalysis division at GCHQ for 25 years. Pic.
||1909: Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander born ... cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer. He worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during the Second World War, and was later the head of the cryptanalysis division at GCHQ for 25 years. Pic.


File:Glenn Seaborg.jpg|link=Glenn T. Seaborg (nonfiction)|1912: Chemist [[Glenn T. Seaborg (nonfiction)|Glenn T. Seaborg]] born. He will share the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the synthesis, discovery, and investigation of transuranium elements.  
File:Glenn Seaborg.jpg|link=Glenn T. Seaborg (nonfiction)|1912: Chemist [[Glenn T. Seaborg (nonfiction)|Glenn T. Seaborg]] born. He will share the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the synthesis, discovery, and investigation of transuranium elements.  
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File:Giuseppe Peano.jpg|link=Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|1932: Mathematician [[Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|Giuseppe Peano]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which use [[Set theory (nonfiction)|set theory]] to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:Giuseppe Peano.jpg|link=Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|1932: Mathematician [[Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|Giuseppe Peano]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which use [[Set theory (nonfiction)|set theory]] to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].


||1918 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect, designed the Sydney Opera House (d. 2008)
||1918: Jørn Utzon born ... designed the Sydney Opera House (d. 2008)


||1919 – J. Presper Eckert, American engineer, invented the ENIAC (d. 1995)
||1919: J. Presper Eckert born ...  engineer, invented the ENIAC.


||1921 – Mary Jackson, African American mathematician and aerospace engineer (d. 2005)
||1921: Mary Jackson born ... mathematician and aerospace engineer (d. 2005)


||Leon Albert Henkin (b. April 19, 1921) was a logician at the University of California, Berkeley. He was principally known for "Henkin construction", his version of the proof of the semantic completeness of standard systems of first-order logic. Pic.
||1921: Leon Albert Henkin born ... logician at the University of California, Berkeley. He was principally known for "Henkin construction", his version of the proof of the semantic completeness of standard systems of first-order logic. Pic.


||1930 – F. Albert Cotton, American chemist and academic (d. 2007)
||1930: F. Albert Cotton born ... chemist and academic (d. 2007)


||Ernest William Hobson (d. 19 April 1933) was an English mathematician, now remembered mostly for his books, some of which broke new ground in their coverage in English of topics from mathematical analysis. G. H. Hardy wrote, "Although he lived to be 76, he was active almost up to his death; his last book (and perhaps in some ways his best) was published when he was 74. He was a singular exception to the general rule that good mathematicians do their best work when they are young."  Pic.
||1933: Ernest William Hobson dies ... mathematician, now remembered mostly for his books, some of which broke new ground in their coverage in English of topics from mathematical analysis. G. H. Hardy wrote, "Although he lived to be 76, he was active almost up to his death; his last book (and perhaps in some ways his best) was published when he was 74. He was a singular exception to the general rule that good mathematicians do their best work when they are young."  Pic.


||1945 – The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.
||1945: The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.


||1951 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862)
||1951: Vilhelm Bjerknes dies ... physicist and meteorologist (b. 1862)


||1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".
||1959: Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".


|File:Brion Gysin scrying engine Dreamachine.jpg|link=Brion Gysin|1965: [[Brion Gysin]] uses [[scrying engine]] technology to predict th eoutcome of [[Lottery (nonfiction)|lotteries]] with near-quantum accuracy.
||1971: The first space station, Salyut 1, was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome near Tyuratam, Kazakh SSR, USSR.


||1971 – The first space station, Salyut 1, was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome near Tyuratam, Kazakh SSR, USSR.
||1974: Alexander Dinghas dies ... mathematician. Pic.


||Alexander Dinghas (d. April 19, 1974) was a Greek mathematician. Pic.
||1981: The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.


||1981 – The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it.
||2007: Dorrit Hoffleit dies ... astronomer and academic (b. 1907)


||2007 – Dorrit Hoffleit, American astronomer and academic (b. 1907)
||2015: Alexander Dalgarno dies ... physicist and academic (b. 1928)


||2015 – Alexander Dalgarno, English physicist and academic (b. 1928)
||2016: Duane Clarridge dies ... American spy (b. 1932)
 
||2016 – Duane Clarridge, American spy (b. 1932)


File:Walter Kohn.jpg|link=Walter Kohn (nonfiction)|2016: Theoretical physicist, theoretical chemist, and Nobel laureate [[Walter Kohn (nonfiction)|Walter Kohn]] dies. He developed density functional theory, which makes it possible to calculate quantum mechanical electronic structure by equations involving the electronic density.
File:Walter Kohn.jpg|link=Walter Kohn (nonfiction)|2016: Theoretical physicist, theoretical chemist, and Nobel laureate [[Walter Kohn (nonfiction)|Walter Kohn]] dies. He developed density functional theory, which makes it possible to calculate quantum mechanical electronic structure by equations involving the electronic density.

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