Template:Selected anniversaries/August 11: Difference between revisions

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||3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.
||3114 BC: The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.


||Nicholas of Cusa (d. 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (/kjuːˈseɪnəs/), was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer. Pic.
||1464: Nicholas of Cusa dies ... philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer. Pic.


File:Pedro Nunes.png|link=Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic [[Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|Pedro Nunes]] dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography.
File:Pedro Nunes.png|link=Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic [[Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|Pedro Nunes]] dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography.


||1673: Richard Mead, English physician and astrologer (d. 1754). Pic.
||1673: Richard Mead born ... physician and astrologer. Pic.


||1799: French geologist and paleontologist. He settled in Prague (1832), at first as an engineer. While surveying the proposed route for a horse-drawn railway, he became interested in the local fossil-bearing rocks there. From 1840, he turned to the study of these fossils in the strata of the central Bohemian basin. In his lifetime, he gathered some 3500 species of graptolites, brachiopoda, mollusca, trilobites and fishes, showing a wide variety of life forms in the Early Paleozoic era. (The Paleozoic era spanned 540-245 million years ago.) He meticulously recorded his findings in Système silurien du centre de la Bohême, which remains a fine reference work. The first volume was published in 1852, and was followed by 20 more in his lifetime. He opposed Darwin's theory of evolution, instead advocating the theory of catastrophes. Pic.
||1797: George Shillibeer born ... pioneer of omnibuses. Having founded a coach-building enterprise in Paris (1825), he expanded to include buses. On 4 Jul 1829, he commenced the first regular bus service from London to Paddington, carrying up to 20 passengers and in a coach drawn by three horses. Shillibeer adopted the word omnibus. He boasted it offered a safer and more comfortable ride than ordinary stagecoaches, since all passengers would ride inside. He was followed by imitators then more competition from the discovery that a trolley running on tracks could pull twice the payload. Although Shillibeer had revolutionized London's transport, he went bankrupt and spent time in debtors' prison. He eventually converted his omnibuses into "Shillibeer's Funeral Coaches". Pic.


||Cato Maximilian Guldberg (b. 11 August 1836) was a Norwegian mathematician and chemist. Pic.
||1799: Joachim Barrande ... geologist and paleontologist. He settled in Prague (1832), at first as an engineer. While surveying the proposed route for a horse-drawn railway, he became interested in the local fossil-bearing rocks there. From 1840, he turned to the study of these fossils in the strata of the central Bohemian basin. In his lifetime, he gathered some 3500 species of graptolites, brachiopoda, mollusca, trilobites and fishes, showing a wide variety of life forms in the Early Paleozoic era. (The Paleozoic era spanned 540-245 million years ago.) He meticulously recorded his findings in Système silurien du centre de la Bohême, which remains a fine reference work. The first volume was published in 1852, and was followed by 20 more in his lifetime. He opposed Darwin's theory of evolution, instead advocating the theory of catastrophes. Pic.
 
||1836: Cato Maximilian Guldberg (b. 11 August 1836) was a Norwegian mathematician and chemist. Pic.


||1851: Lorenz Oken dies ... German naturalist who offered early evolutionary ideas and stimulated comparative anatomy. He theorized (incorrectly) that the skull was a modified vertebra, but formed some fundamental concepts which stimulated further thought from later scientists. In Die Zeugung, he discussed “the infusoria”—elementary units of living organisms—into which all flesh can be broken down. Higher animals, he proposed, consisted of constituent animalcules. Entities, whether plants or animals, became organisms by the fusion of these primal animals. Those elements lose all individuality and create a higher unity. Lorenz Oken wrote many books on natural history for students and adults, founded a scholarly journal (contributing most of its articles), and organized scientific congresses. Pic.
||1851: Lorenz Oken dies ... German naturalist who offered early evolutionary ideas and stimulated comparative anatomy. He theorized (incorrectly) that the skull was a modified vertebra, but formed some fundamental concepts which stimulated further thought from later scientists. In Die Zeugung, he discussed “the infusoria”—elementary units of living organisms—into which all flesh can be broken down. Higher animals, he proposed, consisted of constituent animalcules. Entities, whether plants or animals, became organisms by the fusion of these primal animals. Those elements lose all individuality and create a higher unity. Lorenz Oken wrote many books on natural history for students and adults, founded a scholarly journal (contributing most of its articles), and organized scientific congresses. Pic.


||1854 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1798). Pic.
||1854: Macedonio Melloni dies ... physicist and academic. Pic.


||1857: Marshall Hall dies ... was an English physician, physiologist and early neurologist. His name is attached to the theory of reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord, to a method of resuscitation of drowned people, and to the elucidation of function of capillary vessels. Pic.
||1857: Marshall Hall dies ... was an English physician, physiologist and early neurologist. His name is attached to the theory of reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord, to a method of resuscitation of drowned people, and to the elucidation of function of capillary vessels. Pic.


||1871, an explosion at the factory of Patent Gun Cotton Company, Stowmarket, Suffolk, England, killed 24 people and injured many more It happened in the early afternoon, devastating the factory and left a crater 100-ft long and 10-ft deep. Windows were blown in all over Stowmarket ands roofs damaged, and the explosion was heard up to ten miles away. It was the biggest disaster ever to hit the town. The inquest found that it had probably been caused by sabotage but no one was ever brought to trial. It has been suggested that the findings were a whitewash which helped prevent any criticism falling on the heads of the factory or the inventor of the process. (Guncotton was first patented by Christian Frederick Schönbein in 1846.)
||1871: An explosion at the factory of Patent Gun Cotton Company, Stowmarket, Suffolk, England, killed 24 people and injured many more It happened in the early afternoon, devastating the factory and left a crater 100-ft long and 10-ft deep. Windows were blown in all over Stowmarket ands roofs damaged, and the explosion was heard up to ten miles away. It was the biggest disaster ever to hit the town. The inquest found that it had probably been caused by sabotage but no one was ever brought to trial. It has been suggested that the findings were a whitewash which helped prevent any criticism falling on the heads of the factory or the inventor of the process. (Guncotton was first patented by Christian Frederick Schönbein in 1846.)


||1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and chess player (d. 1939). Pic.
||1860: Ottó Bláthy born ... engineer and chess player. Pic.


||1885 – Stephen Butterworth, English physicist and engineer (d. 1958). No pic.
||1885: Stephen Butterworth born ... physicist and engineer. No pic.


||1892: Enrico Betti dies Italian mathematician and academic ... now remembered mostly for his 1871 paper on topology that led to the later naming after him of the Betti numbers. Pic.
||1892: Enrico Betti dies Italian mathematician and academic ... now remembered mostly for his 1871 paper on topology that led to the later naming after him of the Betti numbers. Pic.
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||1895: Egon Sharpe Pearson ... one of three children and the son of Karl Pearson and, like his father, a leading British statistician. Pic not Wikipedia: http://apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Pearson_Egon
||1895: Egon Sharpe Pearson ... one of three children and the son of Karl Pearson and, like his father, a leading British statistician. Pic not Wikipedia: http://apprendre-math.info/anglais/historyDetail.htm?id=Pearson_Egon


||1896, the first U.S. patent for an electric light bulb socket featuring an on-and-off pull chain was issued to Harvey Hubbell of Bridgeport, Connecticut (No. 565,541). On 8 Nov 1904, he patented a separable electric plug (No. 774250) adapting an Edison screw socket to a flat prong style. His inventions are now familiar throughout North America. His manufacturing company, Harvey Hubbell Inc. still exists today.
||1896: The first U.S. patent for an electric light bulb socket featuring an on-and-off pull chain was issued to Harvey Hubbell of Bridgeport, Connecticut (No. 565,541). On 8 Nov 1904, he patented a separable electric plug (No. 774250) adapting an Edison screw socket to a flat prong style. His inventions are now familiar throughout North America. His manufacturing company, Harvey Hubbell Inc. still exists today.


||1903: The first U.S. patent for instant coffee was issued to Satori Kato of Chicago, Illinois. It was entitled "Coffee Concentrate and Process of Making Same" (No. 735,777). The application was filed 17 Apr 1901, in which year his Kato Coffee Company introduced the product at the Pam-American Exposition in Buffalo. Two years earlier, four men had formed the company when an American coffee importer and a roaster contacted Sartori Kato (the Japanese inventor of a soluble tea), who adapted his process of dehydration to coffee, with the assistance of an American chemist.  
||1903: The first U.S. patent for instant coffee was issued to Satori Kato of Chicago, Illinois. It was entitled "Coffee Concentrate and Process of Making Same" (No. 735,777). The application was filed 17 Apr 1901, in which year his Kato Coffee Company introduced the product at the Pam-American Exposition in Buffalo. Two years earlier, four men had formed the company when an American coffee importer and a roaster contacted Sartori Kato (the Japanese inventor of a soluble tea), who adapted his process of dehydration to coffee, with the assistance of an American chemist.  
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||1909: The liner S.S. Arapahoe was the first ship to use the S.O.S. radio distress call. Its wireless operator, T. D. Haubner, radioed for help after a propeller shafat snapped while off the coast at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. The call was heard by the United Wireless station “HA” at Hatteras. A few months later, Haubner on the S.S. Arapahoe received an SOS from the SS Iroquois, the second use of SOS in America. Previously, the distress code CQD had been in use as a maritime distress call, standardised by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. in 1904. The second International Radio Telegraphic Convention (1906) proposed the alternative SOS for its distinctive sound. It was ratified as an international standard in 1908.  
||1909: The liner S.S. Arapahoe was the first ship to use the S.O.S. radio distress call. Its wireless operator, T. D. Haubner, radioed for help after a propeller shafat snapped while off the coast at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. The call was heard by the United Wireless station “HA” at Hatteras. A few months later, Haubner on the S.S. Arapahoe received an SOS from the SS Iroquois, the second use of SOS in America. Previously, the distress code CQD had been in use as a maritime distress call, standardised by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. in 1904. The second International Radio Telegraphic Convention (1906) proposed the alternative SOS for its distinctive sound. It was ratified as an international standard in 1908.  


||Sigmund Selberg (b. 1910) was a Norwegian mathematician. No pic.
||1910: Sigmund Selberg born ... mathematician ... His works mainly focused on the distribution of prime numbers. Pic: http://www.strindahistorielag.no/wiki/index.php?title=Sigmund_Selberg


File:Tom Kilburn.jpg|link=Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|1921: Mathematician and computer scientist [[Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|Tom Kilburn]] born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance.  
File:Tom Kilburn.jpg|link=Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|1921: Mathematician and computer scientist [[Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|Tom Kilburn]] born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance.  


||Paul Epstein (d. August 11, 1939) was a German mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function. Epstein was appointed to a non-tenured post at the university and he lectured in Frankfurt from 1919. Later he was appointed professor at Frankfurt. However, after the Nazis came to power in Germany he lost his university position. Because of his age he was unable to find a new position abroad, and finally committed suicide by barbital overdose at Dornbusch, fearing Gestapo torture because he was a Jew. No pic.
||1939: Paul Epstein dies ... mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function. Epstein was appointed to a non-tenured post at the university and he lectured in Frankfurt from 1919. Later he was appointed professor at Frankfurt. However, after the Nazis came to power in Germany he lost his university position. Because of his age he was unable to find a new position abroad, and finally committed suicide by barbital overdose at Dornbusch, fearing Gestapo torture because he was a Jew. No pic.


||1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.
||1942: Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.


||Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor. He is often cited as being a pivotal contributor to the field of optics and a pioneer of infrared and ultraviolet photography. Pic.
||1955: Robert Williams Wood dies ... physicist and inventor. He is often cited as being a pivotal contributor to the field of optics and a pioneer of infrared and ultraviolet photography. Pic.


||1956 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (b. 1912)
||1956: Jackson Pollock dies ... painter.


||1956: Pierre-Louis Lions ... French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work since the 1980's on partial differential equations. The sources of such equations are many - for example, physical, probalistic or geometric and other diverse subareas - each studying different phenomena for different nonlinear partial differential equations by utterly different methods. Pierre-Louis Lions has been called unique in his ability to transcend these boundaries and to solve pressing problems throughout the field. Pic.  Alive (2018) https://todayinsci.com/8/8_11.htm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lions.html
||1956: Pierre-Louis Lions ... French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work since the 1980's on partial differential equations. The sources of such equations are many - for example, physical, probalistic or geometric and other diverse subareas - each studying different phenomena for different nonlinear partial differential equations by utterly different methods. Pierre-Louis Lions has been called unique in his ability to transcend these boundaries and to solve pressing problems throughout the field. Pic.  Alive (2018) https://todayinsci.com/8/8_11.htm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lions.html


||Ion Barbu (d. 11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet. Pic.
||1961: Ion Barbu dies ... mathematician and poet. Pic.


||1962 – Vostok 3 launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome and cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev becomes the first person to float in microgravity.  ... the Soviet Union launched cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev on a 94-hour flight in Vostok III, which set an endurance record at the time. Eighteen months after Yury Gagarin became the first man in space, Nikolayev became Russia's third cosmonaut to travel into space. Pavel Popovich was launched in Vostok IV the next day. The pair made the first simultaneous flights; both returned on 15 Aug. Nikolayev's flight set an endurance record, circling the Earth 64 times in 96 hours, having completed 1,650,000 miles. He returned to space in 1970 for his second and final mission on the Soyuz 9 craft, setting a new endurance record, spending 18 days in space in Soyuz 9. He was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union.
||1962: Vostok 3 launches from the Baikonur Cosmodrome and cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev becomes the first person to float in microgravity.  ... the Soviet Union launched cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev on a 94-hour flight in Vostok III, which set an endurance record at the time. Eighteen months after Yury Gagarin became the first man in space, Nikolayev became Russia's third cosmonaut to travel into space. Pavel Popovich was launched in Vostok IV the next day. The pair made the first simultaneous flights; both returned on 15 Aug. Nikolayev's flight set an endurance record, circling the Earth 64 times in 96 hours, having completed 1,650,000 miles. He returned to space in 1970 for his second and final mission on the Soyuz 9 craft, setting a new endurance record, spending 18 days in space in Soyuz 9. He was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union.


||1971: Sir John Burton Cleland dies ... was a renowned Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist. He was Professor of Pathology at the University of Adelaide and was consulted on high-level police inquiries, such as the famous Taman Shud Case in 1948 and later. Pic.
||1971: Sir John Burton Cleland dies ... was a renowned Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist. He was Professor of Pathology at the University of Adelaide and was consulted on high-level police inquiries, such as the famous Taman Shud Case in 1948 and later. Pic.
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File:Jan Tschichold (1963) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|link=Jan Tschichold (nonfiction)|1974: Graphic designer and typographer [[Jan Tschichold (nonfiction)|Jan Tschichold]] dies. He was a leading advocate of Modernist design, but later condemn Modernist design in general as being authoritarian and inherently fascistic.
File:Jan Tschichold (1963) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|link=Jan Tschichold (nonfiction)|1974: Graphic designer and typographer [[Jan Tschichold (nonfiction)|Jan Tschichold]] dies. He was a leading advocate of Modernist design, but later condemn Modernist design in general as being authoritarian and inherently fascistic.


||Alfred Lee Loomis (d. August 11, 1975) was an American attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist/physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System, and a lifelong patron of scientific research. Pic.
||1975: Alfred Lee Loomis dies ... attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist/physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System, and a lifelong patron of scientific research. Pic.


File:Pin Man.jpg|link=Pin Man|1975: [[Pin Man]] accuses [[Baron Zersetzung]] and [[Egon Rhodomunde]] of conspiring to commit [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:Pin Man.jpg|link=Pin Man|1975: [[Pin Man]] accuses [[Baron Zersetzung]] and [[Egon Rhodomunde]] of conspiring to commit [[crimes against mathematical constants]].


||1977 – Frederic Calland Williams, British co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems (b. 1911)
||1977: Frederic Calland Williams dies ... co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems.


||1978: The first successful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon began when three Americans, Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson and Larry Newman, took off in their Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine. Their 3,100-mile flight ended on 17 Aug 1978, 137-hr 6-min later, in France. The helium balloon Double Eagle II was 112- ft high, 65-ft diam., capacity 160,000 cu.ft. with a 15x7x4½-ft passenger gondola named The Spirit of Albuquerque. The underside of the gondola was a twin-hulled catamaran to provide emergency flotation for any unplanned water landing. Double Eagle II was built by Ed Yost. The history of transatlantic balloon crossing included seventeen prior unsuccessful attempts and seven lives lost.
||1978: The first successful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon began when three Americans, Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson and Larry Newman, took off in their Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine. Their 3,100-mile flight ended on 17 Aug 1978, 137-hr 6-min later, in France. The helium balloon Double Eagle II was 112- ft high, 65-ft diam., capacity 160,000 cu.ft. with a 15x7x4½-ft passenger gondola named The Spirit of Albuquerque. The underside of the gondola was a twin-hulled catamaran to provide emergency flotation for any unplanned water landing. Double Eagle II was built by Ed Yost. The history of transatlantic balloon crossing included seventeen prior unsuccessful attempts and seven lives lost.
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File:Armand Borel.jpg|link=Armand Borel (nonfiction)|2003: Mathematician and academic [[Armand Borel (nonfiction)|Armand Borel]] dies. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.
File:Armand Borel.jpg|link=Armand Borel (nonfiction)|2003: Mathematician and academic [[Armand Borel (nonfiction)|Armand Borel]] dies. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.


||Richard A. Oriani (July 19, 1920 – August 11, 2015) was an El Salvador-born American chemical engineer and metallurgist who was instrumental in the study of the effects of hydrogen in metal. He also made significant contributions to the field of cold fusion.
||2015: Richard A. Oriani dies ... chemical engineer and metallurgist who was instrumental in the study of the effects of hydrogen in metal. He also made significant contributions to the field of cold fusion.


File:Pin Man number 1 cover art.jpg|link=Pin Man (nonfiction)|2017: [[Pin Man (nonfiction)|Pin Man #1]] is "a work in progress," says author [[Karl Jones (nonfiction)|Karl Jones]].  "I have characters sketches, and cover art, but I'm still thinking about the stories."
File:Pin Man number 1 cover art.jpg|link=Pin Man (nonfiction)|2017: [[Pin Man (nonfiction)|Pin Man #1]] is "a work in progress," says author [[Karl Jones (nonfiction)|Karl Jones]].  "I have characters sketches, and cover art, but I'm still thinking about the stories."


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Revision as of 18:41, 16 August 2018

  • 1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic Pedro Nunes dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography.

    1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic Pedro Nunes dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography.

  • 1921: Mathematician and computer scientist Tom Kilburn born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance.

    1921: Mathematician and computer scientist Tom Kilburn born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance.

  • 1974: Graphic designer and typographer Jan Tschichold dies. He was a leading advocate of Modernist design, but later condemn Modernist design in general as being authoritarian and inherently fascistic.

    1974: Graphic designer and typographer Jan Tschichold dies. He was a leading advocate of Modernist design, but later condemn Modernist design in general as being authoritarian and inherently fascistic.

  • 1995: Mathematician and logician Alonzo Church dies. He made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science.

    1995: Mathematician and logician Alonzo Church dies. He made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science.

  • 2003: Mathematician and academic Armand Borel dies. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.

    2003: Mathematician and academic Armand Borel dies. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.

  • 2017: Pin Man #1 is "a work in progress," says author Karl Jones. "I have characters sketches, and cover art, but I'm still thinking about the stories."

    2017: Pin Man #1 is "a work in progress," says author Karl Jones. "I have characters sketches, and cover art, but I'm still thinking about the stories."

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