Discrete mathematics (nonfiction)

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.

There is no exact definition of the term "discrete mathematics." Indeed, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions, for example the real numbers, which have the property of varying smoothly, along with topics in continuous mathematics such as calculus and analysis.

The objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly: they have distinct, separated values.

Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers.

Discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers).

The set of objects studied in discrete mathematics can be finite or infinite. The term finite mathematics is sometimes applied to parts of the field of discrete mathematics that deals with finite sets, particularly those areas relevant to business.

Research in discrete mathematics increased in the latter half of the twentieth century partly due to the development of digital computers which operate in discrete steps and store data in discrete bits. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are useful in studying and describing objects and problems in branches of computer science, such as computer algorithms, programming languages, cryptography, automated theorem proving, and software development. Conversely, computer implementations are significant in applying ideas from discrete mathematics to real-world problems, such as in operations research.

Although the main objects of study in discrete mathematics are discrete objects, analytic methods from continuous mathematics are often employed as well.

In university curricula, "Discrete Mathematics" appeared in the 1980s, initially as a computer science support course; its contents were somewhat haphazard at the time. The curriculum has thereafter developed in conjunction with efforts by ACM and MAA into a course that is basically intended to develop mathematical maturity in freshmen; therefore it is nowadays a prerequisite for mathematics majors in some universities as well. Some high-school-level discrete mathematics textbooks have appeared as well. At this level, discrete mathematics is sometimes seen as a preparatory course, not unlike precalculus in this respect.

The Fulkerson Prize is awarded for outstanding papers in discrete mathematics.

Fiction cross-reference

• Crimes against mathematical constants
• Gnomon algorithm
• Mathematics

Nonfiction cross-reference

• Algorithm (nonfiction)
• Computer science (nonfiction)
• Cryptography (nonfiction)
• Game theory (nonfiction)
• Graph theory (nonfiction)
• Integer (nonfiction)
• Mathematics (nonfiction)
• Numerical analysis (nonfiction)

External links:

• Discrete mathematics @ Wikipedia