Template:Selected anniversaries/August 26: Difference between revisions

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File:Antoine Lavoisier.jpg|link=Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|1743: Chemist and biologist [[Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|Antoine Lavoisier]] born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
File:Antoine Lavoisier.jpg|link=Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|1743: Chemist and biologist [[Antoine Lavoisier (nonfiction)|Antoine Lavoisier]] born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
||1791: There were U.S. patents issued severally to James Rumsey, John Fitch, Nathan Read, John Stevens and Englehart Cruse for their various uses of steam power. Several of the patentees had previously obtained exclusive priviledges from some of the State Legislatures.« As the original applications had not satisfied the patent board with the precision of their descriptions of the inventions, a hearing was held with the inventors in Feb 1791. Fitch and Rumsey were in bitter dispute for priority using steam as a motive power to navigation. Jefferson said that they could make no distinction among all the patents, nor give one preference, and decided all patents should be issued on the same day.


||1833: Stephen Joseph Perry born ... Jesuit and astronomer, known as a participant in scientific expeditions. Pic.
||1833: Stephen Joseph Perry born ... Jesuit and astronomer, known as a participant in scientific expeditions. Pic.
||1843: The first U.S. design of a typewriter that successfully typed was issued a patent to Charles Thurber of Norwich, Conn. (No. 3,228) as a “machine for printing by hand by pressing upon keys which contain the type, called ‘Thurber's Patent Printer.’” He was the first to place the paper on a roller and give it longitudinal motion with provision for accurate letter and word spacing. It had a wheel carrying the keys around its circumference. A roller provided inking. However, the machine was slow to use, and only a concept model. Two years later, he patented a design for a writing (not typing) machine, which he called a Chirographer (18 Nov 1845, No. 4,271). On 27 Jun 1857, British Letters Patent were sealed (No. 1805) on Thurber's invention of “An improved caligraph.”


||1850: Charles Richet born ... physiologist, bacteriologist and pathologist who was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He coined (1902) the term "anaphylaxis" meaning "against protection" to describe the subject of his research, when he found a second vaccinating dose of sea anemone toxin caused a dog's death. Instead of producing protection, as expected in the normal response to vaccination, the first dose had produced a life-threatening sensitivity. This led to an understanding a variety of allergic reactions, hay-fever and asthma. His other interests included aviation: attracted by Marey's experiments on bird flight, Richet participated in the design and construction of one of the first airplanes to leave the ground under its own power. Pic.
||1850: Charles Richet born ... physiologist, bacteriologist and pathologist who was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He coined (1902) the term "anaphylaxis" meaning "against protection" to describe the subject of his research, when he found a second vaccinating dose of sea anemone toxin caused a dog's death. Instead of producing protection, as expected in the normal response to vaccination, the first dose had produced a life-threatening sensitivity. This led to an understanding a variety of allergic reactions, hay-fever and asthma. His other interests included aviation: attracted by Marey's experiments on bird flight, Richet participated in the design and construction of one of the first airplanes to leave the ground under its own power. Pic.
||1856: William Henry Perkin, an English chemist, applied for a British patent titled "Dyeing Fabrics" for his invention of aniline dye "producing a new coloring matter for dyeing with a lilac or purple color stuffs of silk, cotton, wool or other materials." It was sealed on 20 Feb 1857. This was the first synthetic dye, which he obtained at first unintentionally from coal tar (a by-product of coal gas production) while seeking a method to prepare the anti-malarial drug quinine from that source. Perkin was just 18 years old. With help from his father and brother, he began manufacturing the dye, which he called Tyrian purple. Within a few years, he was wealthy and in in 1873 sold the business to turn to chemistry full-time.


||1865: Johann Franz Encke dies ... astronomer and academic ... worked on the calculation of the periods of comets and asteroids, measured the distance from the earth to the sun, and made observations of the planet Saturn.
||1865: Johann Franz Encke dies ... astronomer and academic ... worked on the calculation of the periods of comets and asteroids, measured the distance from the earth to the sun, and made observations of the planet Saturn.
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||1882: James Franck born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.
||1882: James Franck born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.
||1883: Mount Krakatoa, an island volcano in the Dutch Indies (now Indonesia) erupted with violent explosions that destroyed two thirds of the island. It produced huge tsunami waves that swept across the immediate region, killing an estimated 36,000 people. These waves were powerful enough to cross the Indian Ocean and travel beyond Cape Horn. The most powerful blast was the most violent known in human history—it  was loud enough to be heard in Australia. The shockwave was registered by barometers England. The huge amount of volcanic dust thrust high into the stratosphere eventually travelled around the world. The dust blocked sunlight causing temperature drops, highly coloured sunsets, and chaotic weather patterns for several years afterwards.
||1884: The first U.S. patent for the Linotype typesetting machine was issued to Ottmar Mergenthaler of Baltimore, Maryland. His patent No. 304,272 was for a “matrix making machine.” It was first used commercially on 3 Jul 1886. (An earlier U.S. design of typesetting machine that actually operated received a patent on 15 Sep 1857, though the machine invented by Timothy Alden of New York City was designed to pick up type from cells in a horizonatal rotating wheel, and drop it into a line for composition. The first U.S. patent for a typesetting machine was issued even earlier, to Adrien Delcambre and James Haddon Young of Lisle, France, on 22 Jun 1841, for a machine with piano-style keys to operate push-type levers that released type to fall by gravity.)


||1886: Jerome C. Hunsaker born ... aeronautical engineer who made major innovations in the design of aircraft and lighter-than-air ships, seaplanes, and carrier-based aircraft. His career had spanned the entire existence of the aerospace industry, from the very beginnings of aeronautics to exploration of the solar system. He received his master's degree in naval architecture from M.I.T. in 1912. At about the same time seeing a flight by Bleriot around Boston harbour attracted him to the fledgling field of aeronautics. By 1916, he became MIT's first Ph.D. in aeronautical engineering. He designed the NC (Navy Curtiss) flying boat with the capability of crossing the Atlantic. It was the largest aircraft in the world at the time, with four engines and a crew of six. Pic.
||1886: Jerome C. Hunsaker born ... aeronautical engineer who made major innovations in the design of aircraft and lighter-than-air ships, seaplanes, and carrier-based aircraft. His career had spanned the entire existence of the aerospace industry, from the very beginnings of aeronautics to exploration of the solar system. He received his master's degree in naval architecture from M.I.T. in 1912. At about the same time seeing a flight by Bleriot around Boston harbour attracted him to the fledgling field of aeronautics. By 1916, he became MIT's first Ph.D. in aeronautical engineering. He designed the NC (Navy Curtiss) flying boat with the capability of crossing the Atlantic. It was the largest aircraft in the world at the time, with four engines and a crew of six. Pic.
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||1906: Albert Bruce Sabin born ... physician and microbiologist best known for developing the first oral polio vaccine (1955), which was administered to millions of children in Europe, Africa, and the Americas beginning in the late 1950s. He was also known for his research in the fields of human viral diseases, toxoplasmosis, and cancer. Pic.
||1906: Albert Bruce Sabin born ... physician and microbiologist best known for developing the first oral polio vaccine (1955), which was administered to millions of children in Europe, Africa, and the Americas beginning in the late 1950s. He was also known for his research in the fields of human viral diseases, toxoplasmosis, and cancer. Pic.
||1909: An almost perfectly preserved Cro-Magnon man skeleton was discovered by Swiss paleontologist Otto Hauser. He was one member of a party hunting fossils in the Combe-Capelle rockshelter, France. At 34,000 years old, the remains provided an example of man's development leading towards the emergence of Homo sapiens. The following year, Hauser sold this and and earlier discovery of skeletal remains from Le Moustier (1908) to the Berlin Völkerkunde-Museum. Because Hauser was debt-ridden, he demanded the extraordinary sum of 160,000 Marks as the sale price. Most of the skeleton itself is believed to have been destroyed during WW II.


||1910:  William James dies ... psychologist and philosopher who was a leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism. Although he first began a career as a zoologist, and traveled to Brazil on expedition with  Louis Agassiz, James moved to the medical school, and then his life’s work investigating the mind. He served terms as President of the American Psychological Association and of the International Society for Psychical Research. After retiring from active teaching, he became the foremost American advocate for “pragmatism” in philosophical thought by which “that is true which works.” Pic.
||1910:  William James dies ... psychologist and philosopher who was a leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism. Although he first began a career as a zoologist, and traveled to Brazil on expedition with  Louis Agassiz, James moved to the medical school, and then his life’s work investigating the mind. He served terms as President of the American Psychological Association and of the International Society for Psychical Research. After retiring from active teaching, he became the foremost American advocate for “pragmatism” in philosophical thought by which “that is true which works.” Pic.

Revision as of 14:19, 19 August 2018

  • 1713: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin dies. He invented the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine.

    1713: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin dies. He invented the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine.

  • 1735: Leonhard Euler presents his solution to the Königsberg bridge problem – whether it was possible to find a route crossing each of the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg once and only once – in a lecture to his colleagues at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

    1735: Leonhard Euler presents his solution to the Königsberg bridge problem – whether it was possible to find a route crossing each of the seven bridges of the city of Königsberg once and only once – in a lecture to his colleagues at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.

  • 1743: Chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.

    1743: Chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier born. He will have a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.

  • 1896: Signed first edition of Interview with Wallace War-Heels sells for ninety thousand dollars in charity auction to benefit victims of crimes against mathematical constants.

    1896: Signed first edition of Interview with Wallace War-Heels sells for ninety thousand dollars in charity auction to benefit victims of crimes against mathematical constants.

  • 1930: Philo Farnsworth is granted a ptent (U.S. 1,773,980) for his television system . This is his first patent, with a description of his image dissector tube, and his most important contribution to the development of television.

    1930: Philo Farnsworth is granted a ptent (U.S. 1,773,980) for his television system . This is his first patent, with a description of his image dissector tube, and his most important contribution to the development of television.

  • 1974: Pilot and explorer Charles Lindbergh dies. At age 25 in 1927 he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris.

    1974: Pilot and explorer Charles Lindbergh dies. At age 25 in 1927 he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris.

  • 1995: Writer and peace activist John Brunner dies.

    1995: Writer and peace activist John Brunner dies.

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