Template:Selected anniversaries/March 20: Difference between revisions

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||43 BC – Ovid, Roman poet (d. 17)
||43 BC: Ovid born ... Roman poet.


||Johann Baptist Homann (b. 20 March 1664) was a German geographer and cartographer, who also made maps of the Americas.
||1664: Johann Baptist Homann born ... geographer and cartographer, who also made maps of the Americas.


||Erhard Weigel (d. March 20, 1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. He will work to make science more widely accessible to the public. Pic.
||1699: Erhard Weigel dies ... mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. He will work to make science more widely accessible to the public. Pic.


File:Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller.jpg|link=Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|1726/27: [[Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|Isaac Newton]] dies. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
File:Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller.jpg|link=Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|1726/27: [[Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|Isaac Newton]] dies. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.


||Torbern Olaf (Olof) Bergman (b. 20 March 1735) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist noted for his 1775 Dissertation on Elective Attractions, containing the largest chemical affinity tables ever published. Bergman was the first chemist to use the A, B, C, etc., system of notation for chemical species.
||1735: Torbern Olaf (Olof) Bergman born ... chemist and mineralogist noted for his 1775 Dissertation on Elective Attractions, containing the largest chemical affinity tables ever published. Bergman was the first chemist to use the A, B, C, etc., system of notation for chemical species.


||Martin(us) van Marum (b. 20 March 1750) was a Dutch physician, inventor, scientist and teacher, who studied medicine and philosophy in Groningen. Van Marum introduced modern chemistry in the Netherlands after the theories of Lavoisier, and several scientific applications for general use. He became famous for his demonstrations with instruments, most notable the Large electricity machine, to show statical electricity and chemical experiments while curator for the Teylers Museum.
||1750: Martin(us) van Marum born ... physician, inventor, scientist and teacher, who studied medicine and philosophy in Groningen. Van Marum introduced modern chemistry in the Netherlands after the theories of Lavoisier, and several scientific applications for general use. He became famous for his demonstrations with instruments, most notable the Large electricity machine, to show statical electricity and chemical experiments while curator for the Teylers Museum.


||1834 – Charles William Eliot, American mathematician and academic (d. 1926)
||1834: Charles William Eliot born ... mathematician and academic.


||Franz Mertens (b. 20 March 1840) was a Polish mathematician.  
||1840: Franz Mertens born ... mathematician.  


File:Ernst Schroeder.jpg|link=Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|1877: Mathematician and logician [[Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|Ernst Schröder]] systematizes various systems of formal logic in a successful effort to prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:Ernst Schroeder.jpg|link=Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|1877: Mathematician and logician [[Ernst Schröder (nonfiction)|Ernst Schröder]] systematizes various systems of formal logic in a successful effort to prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
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File:Julius Robert Mayer.jpg|link=Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|1878: Physician and physicist [[Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|Julius Robert von Mayer]] dies. In 1842, Mayer described the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature. His achievements were overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in the following year.
File:Julius Robert Mayer.jpg|link=Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|1878: Physician and physicist [[Julius von Mayer (nonfiction)|Julius Robert von Mayer]] dies. In 1842, Mayer described the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature. His achievements were overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in the following year.


||Maud Leonora Menten (b. March 20, 1879) was a Canadian physician-scientist who made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. Her name is associated with the famous Michaelis–Menten equation in biochemistry. Pic.
||1879: Maud Leonora Menten born ... physician-scientist who made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. Her name is associated with the famous Michaelis–Menten equation in biochemistry. Pic.


||1884 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher (d. 1966)
||1884: Philipp Frank born ... physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.


||Ludwig Schläfli (d. 20 March 1895) was a Swiss mathematician, specialising in geometry and complex analysis (at the time called function theory) who was one of the key figures in developing the notion of higher-dimensional spaces. Pic.
||1895: Ludwig Schläfli dies ... mathematician, specialising in geometry and complex analysis (at the time called function theory) who was one of the key figures in developing the notion of higher-dimensional spaces. Pic.


||Carl Anton Bjerknes (d. 20 March 1903) was a Norwegian mathematician and physicist. Bjerknes' earlier work was in pure mathematics, but he is principally known for his studies in hydrodynamics.
||1886: Gilles Holst born ... physicist, known worldwide for his invention in 1932 of the low-pressure sodium lamp. Pic: http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/02090115


||Walter Maurice Elsasser (b. March 20, 1904) was a German-born American physicist considered a "father" of the presently accepted dynamo theory as an explanation of the Earth's magnetism. He proposed that this magnetic field resulted from electric currents induced in the fluid outer core of the Earth. Pic.
||1903: Carl Anton Bjerknes dies ... mathematician and physicist. Bjerknes' earlier work was in pure mathematics, but he is principally known for his studies in hydrodynamics.
 
||1904: Walter Maurice Elsasser born ... physicist considered a "father" of the presently accepted dynamo theory as an explanation of the Earth's magnetism. He proposed that this magnetic field resulted from electric currents induced in the fluid outer core of the Earth. Pic.


||1904: B. F. Skinner born ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic.
||1904: B. F. Skinner born ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic.


File:Einstein drumming.jpg|link=Albert Einstein|1914: Jazz drummer and theoretical physicist [[Albert Einstein]] develops a new drum fill which anticipates his general theory of relativity.
File:Einstein drumming.jpg|link=Albert Einstein|1914: Jazz drummer and theoretical physicist [[Albert Einstein]] develops a new drum fill which anticipates his general theory of relativity.
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File:Albert Einstein 1921.jpg|link=Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|1915: Theoretical physicist [[Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|Albert Einstein]] publishes his general theory of relativity.
File:Albert Einstein 1921.jpg|link=Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|1915: Theoretical physicist [[Albert Einstein (nonfiction)|Albert Einstein]] publishes his general theory of relativity.


||1921 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (d. 1970)
||1921: Alfréd Rényi born ... mathematician and theorist.


||1922 – The USS Langley is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.
||1922: The USS Langley is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.


||1928 – James P. Gordon, American physicist and engineer (d. 2013) known for his work in the fields of optics and quantum electronics. His contributions include the design, analysis and construction of the first maser in 1954 as a doctoral student at Columbia University under the supervision of C. H. Townes, development of the quantal equivalent of Shannon’s information capacity formula in 1962, development of the theory for the diffusion of atoms in an optical trap (together with A. Ashkin) in 1980, and the discovery of what is now known as the Gordon-Haus effect in soliton transmission, together with H. A. Haus in 1986. Pic.
||1928: James P. Gordon born ... American physicist and engineer ... known for his work in the fields of optics and quantum electronics. His contributions include the design, analysis and construction of the first maser in 1954 as a doctoral student at Columbia University under the supervision of C. H. Townes, development of the quantal equivalent of Shannon’s information capacity formula in 1962, development of the theory for the diffusion of atoms in an optical trap (together with A. Ashkin) in 1980, and the discovery of what is now known as the Gordon-Haus effect in soliton transmission, together with H. A. Haus in 1986. Pic.


||1933 – Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida's electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.
||1933: Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida's electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.


||1933 – Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler ordered the creation of Dachau concentration camp as Chief of Police of Munich and appointed Theodor Eicke as the camp commandant.
||1933: Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler ordered the creation of Dachau concentration camp as Chief of Police of Munich and appointed Theodor Eicke as the camp commandant.


||1935 – Bettye Washington Greene, American chemist (d. 1995)
||1935: Bettye Washington Greene born ... chemist.


||1939 – Walter Jakob Gehring, Swiss biologist and academic (d. 2014)
||1939: Walter Jakob Gehring born ... biologist and academic.


File:Probability Theory rough draft excerpt.jpg|link=Probability Theory (Gnomon Chronicles)|1961: Early rough draft of ''[[Probability Theory (Gnomon Chronicles)|Probability Theory]]'' unexpectedly reveals "at least fifty kilobytes" of encrypted data.
File:Probability Theory rough draft excerpt.jpg|link=Probability Theory (Gnomon Chronicles)|1961: Early rough draft of ''[[Probability Theory (Gnomon Chronicles)|Probability Theory]]'' unexpectedly reveals "at least fifty kilobytes" of encrypted data.
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File:C. Wright Mills.jpg|link=C. Wright Mills (nonfiction)|1962: Sociologist and author [[C. Wright Mills (nonfiction)|C. Wright Mills]] dies. He was published widely in popular and intellectual journals, advocating public and political engagement over disinterested observation.
File:C. Wright Mills.jpg|link=C. Wright Mills (nonfiction)|1962: Sociologist and author [[C. Wright Mills (nonfiction)|C. Wright Mills]] dies. He was published widely in popular and intellectual journals, advocating public and political engagement over disinterested observation.


||1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
||1964: The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.


||1983 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician and academic born.  He was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory,
||1983: Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov born ... mathematician and academic.  He was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory.


||1993 – Polykarp Kusch, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
||1993: Polykarp Kusch dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.


||Børge Christian Jessen (d. 20 March 1993) was a Danish mathematician best known for his work in analysis, specifically on the Riemann zeta function, and in geometry, specifically on Hilbert's third problem.
||1993: Børge Christian Jessen dies ... mathematician best known for his work in analysis, specifically on the Riemann zeta function, and in geometry, specifically on Hilbert's third problem.


||Howell Peregrine (d. 20 March 2007) was a British applied mathematician noted for his contributions to fluid mechanics, especially of free surface flows such as water waves, and coastal engineering. Pic.
||2007: Howell Peregrine dies ... applied mathematician noted for his contributions to fluid mechanics, especially of free surface flows such as water waves, and coastal engineering. Pic.


||Petr Vopěnka (d. 20 March 2015) was a Czech mathematician. In the early seventies, he developed alternative set theory. He will be known for Vopěnka's principle. Pic.
||2015: Petr Vopěnka dies ... mathematician. In the early seventies, he developed alternative set theory. He will be known for Vopěnka's principle. Pic.


File:Ursa Nano.jpg|link=Ursa Nano (nonfiction)|2017: ''[[Ursa Nano (nonfiction)|Ursa Nano]]'' is declared Picture of the Day.
File:Ursa Nano.jpg|link=Ursa Nano (nonfiction)|2017: ''[[Ursa Nano (nonfiction)|Ursa Nano]]'' is declared Picture of the Day.


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Revision as of 16:01, 27 August 2018

  • 1726/27: Isaac Newton dies. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

    1726/27: Isaac Newton dies. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

  • 1877: Mathematician and logician Ernst Schröder systematizes various systems of formal logic in a successful effort to prevent crimes against mathematical constants.

    1877: Mathematician and logician Ernst Schröder systematizes various systems of formal logic in a successful effort to prevent crimes against mathematical constants.

  • 1878: Physician and physicist Julius Robert von Mayer dies. In 1842, Mayer described the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature. His achievements were overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in the following year.

    1878: Physician and physicist Julius Robert von Mayer dies. In 1842, Mayer described the vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as the primary source of energy for any living creature. His achievements were overlooked and priority for the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in the following year.

  • 1914: Jazz drummer and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein develops a new drum fill which anticipates his general theory of relativity.

    1914: Jazz drummer and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein develops a new drum fill which anticipates his general theory of relativity.

  • 1915: Theoretical physicist Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.

    1915: Theoretical physicist Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.

  • Probability Theory rough draft excerpt.jpg

    1961: Early rough draft of Probability Theory unexpectedly reveals "at least fifty kilobytes" of encrypted data.

  • C. Wright Mills.jpg

    1962: Sociologist and author C. Wright Mills dies. He was published widely in popular and intellectual journals, advocating public and political engagement over disinterested observation.

  • 2017: Ursa Nano is declared Picture of the Day.

    2017: Ursa Nano is declared Picture of the Day.

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