Template:Selected anniversaries/August 18: Difference between revisions
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||1823: André-Jacques Garnerin dies .... balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. | ||1823: André-Jacques Garnerin dies .... balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. | ||
||1824: Pierre-Émile Martin born ... engineer who adapted the steelmaking process by using the open-hearth regenerative furnace invented by Charles William Siemens and Friedrich Siemens (1856), now known as the Siemens-Martin process. The Siemens' idea was to capture heat from exhaust gases in chambers flanking the furnace containing fire-bricks. When the flow is changed to preheat the input gases using recycled energy stored in the bricks, huge fuel savings result. Pic. | |||
||1835: Friedrich Stromeyer dies ... chemist. | ||1835: Friedrich Stromeyer dies ... chemist. | ||
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||1868: French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium. | ||1868: French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium. | ||
||1874: | ||1874: William Fairbairn (1st Baronet) ... civil engineer who was first to use wrought iron for ships, bridges, mill shafts, and structural beams. After moving to London in 1811, he invented a steam excavator and a sausage-making machine, but without commercial success. By 1817, he had established an engineering works in Manchester making mill machinery, which later made over 400 locomotives. The shipbuilding works he opened at Millwall, London (1835-49) built hundreds of iron boats. He furnished the rectangular wrought-iron tubes used by Stephenson for the Britannia railway bridge (1850) over the Menai Strait, which included two almost 460-ft (140-m) spans. He assisted James Joule and Lord Kelvin in geological investigations from 1851. Pic. | ||
||Engels wrote to Marx, "The matter is so perfectly clear that we cannot be amazed enough how the mathematicians so stubbornly insist on mystifying it," in praise of Marx's manuscript on the differential calculus. | ||Engels wrote to Marx, "The matter is so perfectly clear that we cannot be amazed enough how the mathematicians so stubbornly insist on mystifying it," in praise of Marx's manuscript on the differential calculus. | ||
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||1943: Friedrich Moritz Hartogs dies ... mathematician, known for his work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables. Pic. | ||1943: Friedrich Moritz Hartogs dies ... mathematician, known for his work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables. Pic. | ||
||1980: Elizabeth Stern dies ... one of the first pathologists to work on the progression of a cell from normality to cancerous. Her breakthrough studies of cervical cancers have changed the disease from fatal to one of the most easily diagnosed and treatable. Her studies showed that a normal cell advanced through 250 distinct stages before becoming cancerous and thus is the most easily diagnosed of all cancers. She was the first to linking a virus in herpes simplex to cervical cancer. She was also the first to report the linkage between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Pic: https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-stern-38623 | |||
||1981: Bernard Osgood Koopman dies ... mathematician, known for his work in ergodic theory, the foundations of probability, statistical theory and operations research. | ||1981: Bernard Osgood Koopman dies ... mathematician, known for his work in ergodic theory, the foundations of probability, statistical theory and operations research. | ||
||1990: B. F. Skinner dies ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic. | |||
||1994: Richard Laurence Millington Synge dies ... biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin. Pic. | ||1994: Richard Laurence Millington Synge dies ... biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin. Pic. | ||
Revision as of 15:53, 15 August 2018
1633: Mathematician, physicist, inventor, and Christian crime-fighter Blaise Pascal demonstrates pioneering calculating machine which detects and prevents crimes against physics.
1634: Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu.
1635: Mathematician, theologian, and crime-fighter Marin Mersenne uses new theory of acoustics to detect and prevent crimes against mathematical constants.
1910: Mathematician Pál Turán born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory.
1910: Judge Havelock and Nikola Tesla demonstrate new data transmission protocols which will be useful in predicting and preventing crimes against mathematical constants.
1911: Computer scientist Klara Dan von Neumann born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code.
2016: Advances in zero-knowledge proof theory "are central to the problem of mathematical reliability," says mathematician and crime-fighter Alice Beta.