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| || *** DONE: Pics ***
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| File:Wilhelm_Schickard_1632.jpg|link=Wilhelm Schickard (nonfiction)|1592: Minister, scholar, astronomer, mathematician, cartographer, and inventor [[Wilhelm Schickard (nonfiction)|Wilhelm Schickard]] born. He will design and build calculating machines, and invent techniques for producing improved maps. | | File:Wilhelm_Schickard_1632.jpg|link=Wilhelm Schickard (nonfiction)|1592: Minister, scholar, astronomer, mathematician, cartographer, and inventor [[Wilhelm Schickard (nonfiction)|Wilhelm Schickard]] born. He will design and build calculating machines, and invent techniques for producing improved maps. |
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| ||1616: Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra dies ... widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. His novel ''Don Quixote'' has been translated into over 140 languages and dialects; it is, after the Bible, the most-translated book in the world. Pic.
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| ||1724: Immanuel Kant born ... anthropologist, philosopher, and academic. Pic.
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| ||1758: Antoine de Jussieu dies ... botanist and physician. Pic search.
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| ||1778: James Hargreaves dies ... inventor spinning jenny. No DOB. Pic search spinning jenny: https://www.google.com/search?q=james+hargreaves
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| ||1797: Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille born ... physicist and physiologist. He experimentally derived, and in 1840 and 1846 formulated and published, Poiseuille's law (now commonly known as the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, crediting Gotthilf Hagen as well), which applies to laminar flow, that is, non-turbulent flow of liquids through pipes of uniform section, such as blood flow in capillaries and veins. Pic.
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| ||1809: William King born - geologist at Queen's College Galway. He was the first (in 1864) to propose that the bones found in the German valley of Neanderthal in 1856 were not of Homo sapiens, but of a distinct species: Homo neanderthalensis. Pic.
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| ||1811: Ludwig Otto Hesse born ... mathematician. Hesse was born in Königsberg, Prussia, and died in Munich, Bavaria. He worked mainly on algebraic invariants, and geometry. The Hessian matrix, the Hesse normal form, the Hesse configuration, the Hessian group, Hessian pairs, Hesse's theorem, Hesse pencil, and the Hesse transfer principle are named after him. Pic.
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| ||1830: Thomas Archer Hirst born ... mathematician, specialising in geometry, particularly the Cremona transformations. Pic.
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| File:Richard_Trevithick.jpg|link=Richard Trevithick (nonfiction)|1833: Engineer and explorer [[Richard Trevithick (nonfiction)|Richard Trevithick]] dies. He was an early pioneer of steam-powered road and rail transport, developing the first high-pressure steam engine, and building the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive.
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| ||1864: The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
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| ||1867: Alexander Petrov dies ... chess player and composer. Pic.
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| ||1883: Andrew Talcott dies ... civil engineer and close friend of Civil War General Robert E. Lee. Pic.
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| ||1887: Harald August Bohr born ... mathematician and soccer player. After receiving his doctorate in 1910, Bohr became an eminent mathematician, founding the field of almost periodic functions. Pic.
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| ||1891: Harold Jeffreys born ... mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer. Pic.
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| ||1891: Nicola Sacco born ... anarchist. Pic.
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| ||1895: Étienne Léopold Trouvelot dies ... artist, astronomer and amateur entomologist. He is noted for the import and release of the gypsy moth into North America. Pic. Drawings: http://www.huntington.org/WebAssets/Templates/exhibitiondetail.aspx?id=25040 http://www.graphicine.com/etienne-trouvelot-astronomical-drawings/
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| ||1902: Henri Lafont (real name Henri Chamberlin) born ... head of the French Gestapo during the German occupation in World War II. He was executed by firing squad on Boxing Day, 1944. Pic.
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| ||1903: John Francis Riordan born ... mathematician and the author of major early works in combinatorics, particularly Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis and Combinatorial Identities. Pic, book cover: https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Combinatorial-Analysis-Dover-Mathematics/dp/0486425363
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| File:J. Robert Oppenheimer.jpg|link=J. Robert Oppenheimer (nonfiction)|1904: American physicist and academic [[J. Robert Oppenheimer (nonfiction)|J. Robert Oppenheimer]] born. His achievements in physics will include the Born–Oppenheimer approximation for molecular wavefunctions, and the first prediction of quantum tunneling. Oppenheimer will be called the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role in the Manhattan Project. | | File:J. Robert Oppenheimer.jpg|link=J. Robert Oppenheimer (nonfiction)|1904: American physicist and academic [[J. Robert Oppenheimer (nonfiction)|J. Robert Oppenheimer]] born. His achievements in physics will include the Born–Oppenheimer approximation for molecular wavefunctions, and the first prediction of quantum tunneling. Oppenheimer will be called the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role in the Manhattan Project. |
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| ||1906: Stanisław Jaśkowski born ... logician who made important contributions to proof theory and formal semantics. Jaśkowski is considered to be one of the founders of natural deduction, which he discovered independently of Gerhard Gentzen in the 1930s. Pic.
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| ||1909: Rita Levi-Montalcini born ... neurologist and academic ... 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF). Pic.
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| ||1910: Norman Earl Steenrod born ... mathematician most widely known for his contributions to the field of algebraic topology. Pic.
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| ||1915: The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres. See: Battle of Gravenstafel Ridge
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| ||1916: Hanfried Lenz born ... mathematician and academic ... known for his work in geometry and combinatorics. Pic.
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| ||1919: Donald J. Cram born ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic search.
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| ||1922: Wolf V. Vishniac born ... microbiologist and academic. Mars. Pic search.
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| ||1924: William Wesley Peterson born ... mathematician and computer scientist. He was best known for designing the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Pic.
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| ||1929: Mathematician and academic Michael Francis Atiyah born. His best known work, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, was proved with Singer in 1963 and is used in counting the number of independent solutions to differential equations. Pic.
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| ||1930: The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
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| ||1939: Frederic Joliot and his group publish their work on the secondary neutrons released in nuclear fission. This was the first demonstration that a chain reaction is indeed possible. Joliot was one of the scientists mentioned in Albert Einstein's letter to President Roosevelt as one of the leading scientists on the course to chain reactions. *Atomic Heritage Foundation. https://pballew.blogspot.com/2018/04/on-this-day-in-math-april-22.html Pic.
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| ||1941: Amir Pnueli born ... computer scientist and the 1996 Turing Award recipient. He worked on temporal logic and model checking, particularly regarding fairness properties of concurrent systems. Pic.
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| ||1942: Harry Kauper born ... aviation and radio engineer, known for designing the Sopwith-Kauper interrupter mechanism and for his work developing radio broadcasting in Australia. Pic search.
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| ||1944: The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with combat search and rescue operations in the China Burma India Theater.
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| ||1945: Mathematician Jacques Feldbau dies at the Ganacker Camp, annex of the concentration camp of Flossenbürg in Germany. He worked on differential geometry and topology ... one of the founders of the theory of fiber bundles. He is the one who first proved that a fiber bundle over a simplex is trivializable and who used this to classify bundles over spheres. Pic: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Feldbau.html
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| ||1945: Wilhelm Cauer dies ... mathematician and academic. Pic.
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| ||1946: Bruce Edward Ivins born ... scientist and bio-defense researcher. Pic.
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| ||1953: Jan Czochralski dies ... was a Polish chemist ... pioneer in semi conductor industry. He discovered the Czochralski method in 1916, when he accidentally dipped his pen into a crucible of molten tin rather than his inkwell. He immediately pulled his pen out to discover that a thin thread of solidified metal was hanging from the nib. The nib was replaced by a capillary, and Czochralski verified that the crystallized metal was a single crystal. Pic.
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| File:J._R._Oppenheimer.jpg|link=J. R. Oppenheimer|1953: Singer-physicist [[J. R. Oppenheimer]] performs his hit song "Destroyer of Worlds" at the Grand Ole Opry, leading to his being summoned before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee (nonfiction)|House Un-American Activities Committee]]. | | File:J._R._Oppenheimer.jpg|link=J. R. Oppenheimer|1953: Singer-physicist [[J. R. Oppenheimer]] performs his hit song "Destroyer of Worlds" at the Grand Ole Opry, leading to his being summoned before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee (nonfiction)|House Un-American Activities Committee]]. |
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| File:Earth Day Flag.png|link=Earth Day (nonfiction)|1970: The first [[Earth Day (nonfiction)|Earth Day]] is celebrated. | | File:Earth Day Flag.png|link=Earth Day (nonfiction)|1970: The first [[Earth Day (nonfiction)|Earth Day]] is celebrated. |
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| ||1972: Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts anti-war protests in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco.
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| Optical_fibers.jpg|link=Optical fiber (nonfiction)|1978: [[Optical fiber (nonfiction)|Optical fiber]] is first used to carry live [[Telephone (nonfiction)|telephone]] traffic. | | Optical_fibers.jpg|link=Optical fiber (nonfiction)|1978: [[Optical fiber (nonfiction)|Optical fiber]] is first used to carry live [[Telephone (nonfiction)|telephone]] traffic. |
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| ||1980: Fritz Strassmann dies ... chemist who, with Otto Hahn, identified barium in the residue after bombarding uranium with neutrons, results which, when confirmed, demonstrated the previously unknown phenomenon of nuclear fission.. Pic: https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/fritz-strassmann
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| ||1985: Paul Hugh Emmett dies ... chemist and academic. Manhattan Project. Pic search.
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| ||1989: Emilio G. Segrè dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||1993: NCSA Mosaic 1.0 released, the first web browser to achieve popularity among the general public. It was developed by a team of students at the University of Illinois' National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), and had the ability to display text and images inline, meaning you could put pictures and text on the same page together, in the same window.
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| ||1996: Nobuo Yoneda dies ... mathematician and computer scientist. The Yoneda lemma in category theory and the Yoneda product in homological algebra are named after him. Pic search.
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| ||1999: Munir Ahmad Khan dies ... nuclear physicist and engineer. Pic.
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| ||2002: Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf dies ... theoretical physicist. During World War II he was Group Leader of the Theoretical Division of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Pic.
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| ||2003: James H. Critchfield dies ... American CIA officer. Pic search.
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| ||2005: Philip Morrison dies ... professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, and for his later work in quantum physics, nuclear physics and high energy astrophysics. Pic.
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| File:Henriette_Avram.jpg|link=Henriette Avram (nonfiction)|2006: Computer scientist and academic [[Henriette Avram (nonfiction)|Henriette Avram]] dies. She developed the MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) format, the international data standard for bibliographic and holdings information in libraries.
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| ||2011: Patrick Paul Billingsley dies ... mathematician and stage and screen actor, noted for his books in advanced probability theory and statistics. Pic.
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| File:Giant Red Ball in Toledo Ohio.jpg|link=Toledo giant red ball incident (nonfiction)|2015: New study of the [[Toledo giant red ball incident (nonfiction)|Toledo giant red ball incident]] blames the [[Red (nonfiction)|color red]]: "Of all the colors of the visible spectrum, red is the most likely to spontaneously generate [[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|artificial intelligence]], which can quickly manifest itself as breaking away and rolling down the street."
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| File:Denys_Wilkinson_(circa_1976).jpg|link=Denys Wilkinson (nonfiction)|2016: Physicist and academic [[Denys Wilkinson (nonfiction)|Denys Wilkinson]] dies. Wilkinson's work in nuclear physics included investigation of the properties of nuclei with low numbers of nucleons. He was amongst the first to experimentally test rules relating to isospin. He also applied concepts from physics to the study of bird navigation. He invented the Wilkinson Analog-to-Digital Converter in the course of his experimental work.
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| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
