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| || *** DONE: Pics ***
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| || *** THEMES: Soviet military power, Soviet sub troubles
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| ||1639: Martin Lister born ... physician and geologist. He was physician to Queen Anne from 1709 until his death. Lister was a prolific correspondent. More than 2,000 letters written by and to him survive in the Bodleian Library, Oxford and other repositories. Pic.
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| ||1684: Nicola Amati dies ... instrument maker; most well known luthier from the Casa Amati (House of Amati). Nicola was the teacher of illustrious Cremonese School luthiers such as Andrea Guarneri and Giovanni Battista Rogeri. Pic.
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| ||1794: Germinal Pierre Dandelin born ... mathematician and engineer. Pic.
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| File:Charles Messier.jpg|link=Charles Messier (nonfiction)|1817: Astronomer [[Charles Messier (nonfiction)|Charles Messier]] dies. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of nebulae and star clusters that came to be known as the 110 "Messier objects". | | File:Charles Messier.jpg|link=Charles Messier (nonfiction)|1817: Astronomer [[Charles Messier (nonfiction)|Charles Messier]] dies. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of nebulae and star clusters that came to be known as the 110 "Messier objects". |
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| ||1849: Albert Heim born ... geologist, noted for his three-volume Geologie der Schweiz. Pic.
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| ||1851: Edward Walter Maunder born ... astronomer and author ... study of sunspots and the solar magnetic cycle that led to his identification of the period from 1645 to 1715 that is now known as the Maunder Minimum. Pic.
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| File:Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann.jpg|link=Ferdinand von Lindemann (nonfiction)|1852: Mathematician and academic [[Ferdinand von Lindemann (nonfiction)|Ferdinand von Lindemann]] born. He will prove (1882) that π (pi) is a transcendental number. | | File:Carl Louis Ferdinand von Lindemann.jpg|link=Ferdinand von Lindemann (nonfiction)|1852: Mathematician and academic [[Ferdinand von Lindemann (nonfiction)|Ferdinand von Lindemann]] born. He will prove (1882) that π (pi) is a transcendental number. |
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| ||1902: Marie Alfred Cornu dies ... physicist. The French generally refer to him as Alfred Cornu. His work mainly concerned optics and spectroscopy. He carried out a classical redetermination of the speed of light by A. H. L. Fizeau's method (see Fizeau-Foucault Apparatus), introducing various improvements in the apparatus, which added greatly to the accuracy of the results. Pic.
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| ||1862: American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
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| ||1884: Otto Meyerhof born ... physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||1903: Jan Tinbergen born ... economist. He was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of econometrics. Pic.
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| ||1905: Joseph Finnegan born ... linguist and cryptanalyst with Station Hypo during the Second World War. Pic search '+ hypo': https://stationhypo.com/2017/04/18/part-2-of-5-battle-of-coral-sea-what-did-mo-designate/
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| ||1919: Maurice Girodias born ... publisher who was the founder of the Olympia Press. At one time he was the owner of his father's Obelisk Press. He spent most of his productive years in Paris. Pic.
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| ||1927: Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
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| ||1934: Thaddeus Cahill ... inventor ... widely credited with the invention of the first electromechanical musical instrument, which he dubbed the telharmonium. His idea proved to be fruitful, nearly a century later, with the advent of streaming media. Pic.
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| ||1937: Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England. Pic.
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| ||1945: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death. Pic.
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| ||1945: Members of the Hitler Youth distributed cyanide pills to audience members during the last concert of the Berlin Philharmonic.
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| File:Project Diana antenna.jpg|link=Project Diana (nonfiction)|1947: After accidentally corrupting a [[Gnomon algorithm]] configuration file, The United States Army Signal Corps uses the [[Project Diana (nonfiction)|Project Diana]] antenna to extract high-grade [[Clandestiphrine]] from the corruption stream. [[APTO]] field engineers will quickly disambiguate the corruption, but an undisclosed volume of Clandestiphrine remains under Army control.
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| ||1955: The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
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| File:Donald_J._Hughes.png|link=Donald J. Hughes (nonfiction)|1960: Nuclear physicist [[Donald J. Hughes (nonfiction)|Donald J. Hughes]] dies. Hughes was one of the signers of the Franck Report in June, 1945, recommending that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon to prompt the surrender of Japan in World War II. | | File:Donald_J._Hughes.png|link=Donald J. Hughes (nonfiction)|1960: Nuclear physicist [[Donald J. Hughes (nonfiction)|Donald J. Hughes]] dies. Hughes was one of the signers of the Franck Report in June, 1945, recommending that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon to prompt the surrender of Japan in World War II. |
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| File:Yuri Gagarin Vostok1.jpg|link=Yuri Gagarin (nonfiction)|1961: Soviet cosmonaut [[Yuri Gagarin (nonfiction)|Yuri Gagarin]] becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight (Vostok 1). | | File:Yuri Gagarin Vostok1.jpg|link=Yuri Gagarin (nonfiction)|1961: Soviet cosmonaut [[Yuri Gagarin (nonfiction)|Yuri Gagarin]] becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight (Vostok 1). |
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| ||1963: The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
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| ||1970: Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
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| ||1971: Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm dies ... physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya Mikhailovich Frank, for their 1934 discovery of Cherenkov radiation. Pic.
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| ||1971: Wolfgang Krull dies ... mathematician who made fundamental contributions to commutative algebra, introducing concepts that are now central to the subject. Pic.
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| ||1974: Cornelis Simon Meijer dies ... mathematician at the university of Groningen who introduced the Meijer G-function, a very general function that includes most of the elementary and higher mathematical functions as special cases; he also introduced generalizations of the Laplace transform that are referred to as Meijer transforms. Pic: http://www.cs.rug.nl/jbi/History/Meijer
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| ||1981: The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.
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| File:Edwin_T._Layton.jpg|link=Edwin T. Layton (nonfiction)|1984: United States Navy Admiral [[Edwin T. Layton (nonfiction)|Edwin Thomas Layton]] dies. Layton served as a Naval intelligence officer before and during World War II. | | File:Edwin_T._Layton.jpg|link=Edwin T. Layton (nonfiction)|1984: United States Navy Admiral [[Edwin T. Layton (nonfiction)|Edwin Thomas Layton]] dies. Layton served as a Naval intelligence officer before and during World War II. |
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| ||1997: George Wald dies ... neurobiologist and academic ... studied pigments in the retina. Share the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit. Pic.
| | File:Cantor Parabola.jpg|link=Cantor Parabola|2020: Math photographer [[Cantor Parabola]] wins Pulitzer Prize for series of exo-temporal photographs of Minicon 55 in 2021. |
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| File:John Archibald Wheeler 1985.jpg|link=John Archibald Wheeler (nonfiction)|1999: Theoretical physicist [[John Archibald Wheeler (nonfiction)|John Archibald Wheeler]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which use quantum foam theory to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]]. | |
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| ||2002: Hans Neurath dies ... biochemist, a leader in protein chemistry. Pic search.
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| ||2004: George William Whitehead, Jr. dies ... professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is known for his work on algebraic topology. He invented the J-homomorphism, and was among the first to systematically calculate the homotopy groups of spheres. Pic: http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/whitehead-george.pdf
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| ||2009: John Maddox dies ... chemist, physicist, and journalist. Pic search.
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| ||2013: Robert Byrne dies ... chess player and author. Pic.
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| File:Cantor Parabola.jpg|link=Cantor Parabola|2017: Math photographer [[Cantor Parabola]] wins Pulitzer Prize for series of retro-temporal photographs of Soviet cosmonaut [[Yuri Gagarin (nonfiction)|Yuri Gagarin]].
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| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
