Template:Selected anniversaries/August 20: Difference between revisions
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||1779: Jöns Jacob Berzelius born ... Swedish chemist and academic. Pic. | ||1779: Jöns Jacob Berzelius born ... Swedish chemist and academic. Pic. | ||
File:Francesco Zantedeschi.jpg|link=Francesco Zantedeschi (nonfiction)|1797: Physicist and priest [[Francesco Zantedeschi (nonfiction)|Francesco Zantedeschi]] born. Zantedeschi will be among the first to recognize the marked absorption by the atmosphere of red, yellow, and green light. He will also think that he detected, in 1838, a magnetic action on steel needles by ultraviolet light, anticipating later discoveries connecting light and magnetism. | File:Francesco Zantedeschi.jpg|link=Francesco Zantedeschi (nonfiction)|1797: Physicist and priest [[Francesco Zantedeschi (nonfiction)|Francesco Zantedeschi]] born. Zantedeschi will be among the first to recognize the marked absorption by the atmosphere of red, yellow, and green light. He will also think that he detected, in 1838, a magnetic action on steel needles by ultraviolet light, anticipating later discoveries connecting light and magnetism. | ||
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||1863: Corrado Segre born ... mathematician who is remembered today as a major contributor to the early development of algebraic geometry. Pic. | ||1863: Corrado Segre born ... mathematician who is remembered today as a major contributor to the early development of algebraic geometry. Pic. | ||
File:Hamaguri rebellion.jpg|link=Kinmon incident (nonfiction)|1864: The [[Kinmon incident (nonfiction)|Kinmon incident]]: a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate breaks out near the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. The rebels will seek to restore the Imperial household to its position of political supremacy. | |||
||1872: William Robinson was issued a U.S. patent No.130,661 for electric train signalling. | ||1872: William Robinson was issued a U.S. patent No.130,661 for electric train signalling. | ||
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||1899: Salomon Bochner born ... mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis, probability theory and differential geometry. Pic. | ||1899: Salomon Bochner born ... mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis, probability theory and differential geometry. Pic. | ||
||1905: Franz Reuleaux dies ... mechanical engineer and a lecturer of the Berlin Royal Technical Academy, later appointed as the President of the Academy. He was often called the father of kinematics.... Reuleaux triangle, a curve of constant width that he helped develop as a useful mechanical form. | |||
||1908: Valentin Petrovich Glushko born ... rocket scientist who was a pioneer developer of rocket engines (1946-74). From 1929, he worked in Leningrad in GDL - the Gas Dynamics Laboratory, the military rocket research organization, founded in 1921. He worked with renowned rocket designer Sergey Korolyov (1932-1966). In Aug 1957, they successfully launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile and in October of the same year, sent the first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, into orbit. He became chief designer for the Soviet space program in 1974, helping to oversee development of the Mir space station. During his life, he designed the most succesessful rocket engines in the Soviet space program. Pic. | ||1908: Valentin Petrovich Glushko born ... rocket scientist who was a pioneer developer of rocket engines (1946-74). From 1929, he worked in Leningrad in GDL - the Gas Dynamics Laboratory, the military rocket research organization, founded in 1921. He worked with renowned rocket designer Sergey Korolyov (1932-1966). In Aug 1957, they successfully launched the first intercontinental ballistic missile and in October of the same year, sent the first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, into orbit. He became chief designer for the Soviet space program in 1974, helping to oversee development of the Mir space station. During his life, he designed the most succesessful rocket engines in the Soviet space program. Pic. | ||
||1908: Kingsley Davis born ... sociologist and demographer who was a world-renowned expert on population trends; he coined the terms population explosion and zero population growth and promoted methods of bringing the latter about. His specific studies of American society led him to work on a general science of world society, based on empirical analysis of each society in its habitat. Later, however, he came to be concerned about low birthrates in developed countries, fearing a shortage of educated leaders. Pic: https://www.sociosite.net/sociologists/davis_kingsley.php | ||1908: Kingsley Davis born ... sociologist and demographer who was a world-renowned expert on population trends; he coined the terms population explosion and zero population growth and promoted methods of bringing the latter about. His specific studies of American society led him to work on a general science of world society, based on empirical analysis of each society in its habitat. Later, however, he came to be concerned about low birthrates in developed countries, fearing a shortage of educated leaders. Pic: https://www.sociosite.net/sociologists/davis_kingsley.php | ||
||1911: John H. Plumb born ... historian known for his books on British 18th-century history. During the Second World War Plumb worked in the codebreaking department of the Foreign Office at Bletchley Park, Hut 8 & Hut 4; later Block B. He headed a section working on a German Naval hand cipher, Reservehandverfahren. Pic search. | |||
File:Telegraph.jpg|link=Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|1911: The first cable message sent around the world from the U.S. by commercial [[Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|telegraph]] was transmitted from New York City. It read “This message sent around the world,” left the New York Times building at 7:00 pm and was received at 7:16 pm after travelling nearly 29,000 miles through 16 relays via the Azores, Gibraltar, India, Phillipines, Midway, Guam, Hawaii and San Francisco. | File:Telegraph.jpg|link=Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|1911: The first cable message sent around the world from the U.S. by commercial [[Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|telegraph]] was transmitted from New York City. It read “This message sent around the world,” left the New York Times building at 7:00 pm and was received at 7:16 pm after travelling nearly 29,000 miles through 16 relays via the Azores, Gibraltar, India, Phillipines, Midway, Guam, Hawaii and San Francisco. | ||
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||1922: Akutsu Tetsuzo born ... surgeon who built the first artificial heart that was implanted and kept an animal alive. He was a thoracic surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic in 1957 when he was asked by Dr. Willem Kolff to collaborate in the pioneering project. On 12 Dec 1957, it kept a dog alive for 90 minutes. Thus, a new frontier was opened for artificial heart development for humans. Akutsu became assistant director at the Texas Heart Institute, and continued to develop his total artificial heart. Dr Denton Cooley had already implanted the first artifial heart in a human in 1969, but Akutsu was on his team for the implantation of the second human artificial heart at THI in 1981. After that, he returned to Japan and continued taking a major leadership role as a world expert developing the field. He published ''Heart Replacement: Artificial Heart''. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_20.htm | ||1922: Akutsu Tetsuzo born ... surgeon who built the first artificial heart that was implanted and kept an animal alive. He was a thoracic surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic in 1957 when he was asked by Dr. Willem Kolff to collaborate in the pioneering project. On 12 Dec 1957, it kept a dog alive for 90 minutes. Thus, a new frontier was opened for artificial heart development for humans. Akutsu became assistant director at the Texas Heart Institute, and continued to develop his total artificial heart. Dr Denton Cooley had already implanted the first artifial heart in a human in 1969, but Akutsu was on his team for the implantation of the second human artificial heart at THI in 1981. After that, he returned to Japan and continued taking a major leadership role as a world expert developing the field. He published ''Heart Replacement: Artificial Heart''. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_20.htm | ||
||1923: Tom Mike Apostol born ... analytic number theorist and professor at the California Institute of Technology, best known as the author of widely used mathematical textbooks. Pic search | ||1923: Tom Mike Apostol born ... analytic number theorist and professor at the California Institute of Technology, best known as the author of widely used mathematical textbooks. Pic search. | ||
||1923, the first American-built rigid dirigible was launched in Lakehurst, N.J, later christened the U.S.S. Shenandoah (“daughter of the stars”). It was the first of the Zeppelin type (ZR-1) to use helium gas, of which a supply was was available in the U.S. It was tested in flight the following month, on 3 Sep 1923, and christened 10 Oct 1923. Covered with an aluminum-painted fabric, it was 680 feet long, weighed 36 tons, could bear 55 tons, and carry enough fuel to cruise 5,000 miles at an average speed of 65 mph. It was commanded by Commander Zachery Lansdowne (1888-1925), an early Navy aviator, who died with 14 members of the crew when the airship was struck and destroyed in a violent thunderstorm on 3 Sep 1925 over Caldwell, Ohio, though 29 of the crew survived. | ||1923, the first American-built rigid dirigible was launched in Lakehurst, N.J, later christened the U.S.S. Shenandoah (“daughter of the stars”). It was the first of the Zeppelin type (ZR-1) to use helium gas, of which a supply was was available in the U.S. It was tested in flight the following month, on 3 Sep 1923, and christened 10 Oct 1923. Covered with an aluminum-painted fabric, it was 680 feet long, weighed 36 tons, could bear 55 tons, and carry enough fuel to cruise 5,000 miles at an average speed of 65 mph. It was commanded by Commander Zachery Lansdowne (1888-1925), an early Navy aviator, who died with 14 members of the crew when the airship was struck and destroyed in a violent thunderstorm on 3 Sep 1925 over Caldwell, Ohio, though 29 of the crew survived. | ||
||1930: Herbert Hall Turner dies ... astronomer and seismologist. Pic search. | |||
||1930: Herbert Hall Turner dies ... astronomer and seismologist. Pic search | |||
||In 1930, the first demonstration telecast of home television in the U.S. was received in New York City. A half-hour program was hosted by the cartoonist Harry Hirschfeld, and demonstrated on screens placed in a store in the Hotel Ansonia, the Hearst building, and a home at 98 Riverside Drive. The signal travelled about six miles, the greatest distance for TV transmission to date. The performers were in the studios were the Jenkins W2XCR (Jersey City, NJ) and the de Forest W2XCD (Passaic, NJ). | ||In 1930, the first demonstration telecast of home television in the U.S. was received in New York City. A half-hour program was hosted by the cartoonist Harry Hirschfeld, and demonstrated on screens placed in a store in the Hotel Ansonia, the Hearst building, and a home at 98 Riverside Drive. The signal travelled about six miles, the greatest distance for TV transmission to date. The performers were in the studios were the Jenkins W2XCR (Jersey City, NJ) and the de Forest W2XCD (Passaic, NJ). | ||
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File:Percy Williams Bridgman.jpg|link=Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|1961: Physicist and academic [[Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|Percy Williams Bridgman]] dies. He won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. | File:Percy Williams Bridgman.jpg|link=Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|1961: Physicist and academic [[Percy Williams Bridgman (nonfiction)|Percy Williams Bridgman]] dies. He won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. | ||
File:Alice Beta.jpg|link=Alice Beta|1962: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Alice Beta]] publishes new class of | File:Alice Beta.jpg|link=Alice Beta|1962: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Alice Beta]] publishes new class of Gnomon algorithm functions which detect and prevent crimes against mathematical constants. | ||
||1962: The NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered civilian ship, embarks on its maiden voyage. | ||1962: The NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered civilian ship, embarks on its maiden voyage. | ||
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||1980: Wolfgang Gröbner ... mathematician. His name is best known for the Gröbner basis, used for computations in algebraic geometry. However, the theory of Gröbner bases for polynomial rings was developed by his student Bruno Buchberger in 1965, who named them for Gröbner. Pic | ||1980: Wolfgang Gröbner ... mathematician. His name is best known for the Gröbner basis, used for computations in algebraic geometry. However, the theory of Gröbner bases for polynomial rings was developed by his student Bruno Buchberger in 1965, who named them for Gröbner. Pic | ||
||1992: Walter Lincoln Hawkins dies ... scientist and inventor. Hawkins was a pioneer of polymer chemistry. For thirty-four years he worked at Bell Laboratories, where he was instrumental in designing a long-lasting plastic to sheath telephone cable. Pic search | ||1992: Walter Lincoln Hawkins dies ... scientist and inventor. Hawkins was a pioneer of polymer chemistry. For thirty-four years he worked at Bell Laboratories, where he was instrumental in designing a long-lasting plastic to sheath telephone cable. Pic search. | ||
||1997: Norris Edwin Bradbury dies ... physicist who served as Director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for 25 years from 1945 to 1970. He succeeded Robert Oppenheimer, who personally chose Bradbury for the position of director after working closely with him on the Manhattan Project during World War II. Bradbury was in charge of the final assembly of "the Gadget", detonated in July 1945 for the Trinity test. Pic. | ||1997: Norris Edwin Bradbury dies ... physicist who served as Director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for 25 years from 1945 to 1970. He succeeded Robert Oppenheimer, who personally chose Bradbury for the position of director after working closely with him on the Manhattan Project during World War II. Bradbury was in charge of the final assembly of "the Gadget", detonated in July 1945 for the Trinity test. Pic. | ||
||2001: Fred Hoyle dies ... English astronomer and author. Pic. | ||2001: Fred Hoyle dies ... English astronomer and author. Pic. | ||
||2006: Mathematician Bill Parry dies. Parry contributed to dynamical systems, and, in particular, ergodic theory, and made significant contributions to these fields. He is considered to have been at the forefront of the introduction of ergodic theory to the United Kingdom. He played a founding role in the study of subshifts of finite type, and his work on nilflows was highly regarded. Pic. | |||
File:Elizabeth Dexter Hay.png|link=Betty Hay (nonfiction)|2007: Cell and developmental biologist [[Betty Hay (nonfiction)|Elizabeth Dexter “Betty” Hay]] dies. Hay conducted pioneering research in limb regeneration, the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). | |||
||2008: Sergey Mergelyan dies ... mathematician who made major contributions to Approximation Theory. Pic. | ||2008: Sergey Mergelyan dies ... mathematician who made major contributions to Approximation Theory. Pic. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 04:43, 11 March 2022
1672: Mathematician and politician Johan de Witt dies in a riot. The rioters will partially eat his body.
1797: Physicist and priest Francesco Zantedeschi born. Zantedeschi will be among the first to recognize the marked absorption by the atmosphere of red, yellow, and green light. He will also think that he detected, in 1838, a magnetic action on steel needles by ultraviolet light, anticipating later discoveries connecting light and magnetism.
1864: The Kinmon incident: a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate breaks out near the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. The rebels will seek to restore the Imperial household to its position of political supremacy.
1911: The first cable message sent around the world from the U.S. by commercial telegraph was transmitted from New York City. It read “This message sent around the world,” left the New York Times building at 7:00 pm and was received at 7:16 pm after travelling nearly 29,000 miles through 16 relays via the Azores, Gibraltar, India, Phillipines, Midway, Guam, Hawaii and San Francisco.
1912: Thomas Edison receives U.S. patent No. 1036470 for a “Phonographic Apparatus,” and No. 1036471 for a “Storage Battery.”
1942: The first visible quantity of a plutonium compound, plutonium(IV) iodate, is isolated by nuclear chemists Burris Cunningham and Louis Werner.
1961: Physicist and academic Percy Williams Bridgman dies. He won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.
1962: Mathematician and crime-fighter Alice Beta publishes new class of Gnomon algorithm functions which detect and prevent crimes against mathematical constants.
2007: Cell and developmental biologist Elizabeth Dexter “Betty” Hay dies. Hay conducted pioneering research in limb regeneration, the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT).