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| File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1523: Cryptographer and diplomat [[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)]] born. The Vigenère cipher will be misattributed to him; Vigenère himself will devise a different, stronger cipher. | | File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1523: Cryptographer and diplomat '''[[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|Blaise de Vigenère]]''' born. The Vigenère cipher will be misattributed to him; Vigenère himself will devise a different, stronger cipher. |
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| ||1588: Thomas Hobbes born ... philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book ''Leviathan'', which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy. Pic.
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| ||1610: Writing to Galileo, Kepler was impressed by the observation that stars seen through the telescope still sparkled, in contrast to the circular appearance of planets. He asked:
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| "What other conclusion shall we draw from this difference, Galileo, than that the fixed stars generate their light from within, whereas the planets, being opaque, are illuminated from without; that is, to use Bruno’s terms, the former are suns, the latter, moons, or earths?" *Steven Soter, Ciclops.org https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/04/on-this-day-in-math-april-5.html
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| File:Vincenzo Viviani.jpg|link=Vincenzo Viviani (nonfiction)|1622: Mathematician and scientist [[Vincenzo Viviani (nonfiction)|Vincenzo Viviani]] born. In 1660, Viviani and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli will conduct an experiment to determine the speed of sound. Timing the difference between the seeing the flash and hearing the sound of a cannon shot at a distance, they will calculate a value of 350 meters per second (m/s), considerably better than the previous value of 478 m/s obtained by Pierre Gassendi. | | File:Vincenzo Viviani.jpg|link=Vincenzo Viviani (nonfiction)|1622: Mathematician and scientist [[Vincenzo Viviani (nonfiction)|Vincenzo Viviani]] born. In 1660, Viviani and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli will conduct an experiment to determine the speed of sound. Timing the difference between the seeing the flash and hearing the sound of a cannon shot at a distance, they will calculate a value of 350 meters per second (m/s), considerably better than the previous value of 478 m/s obtained by Pierre Gassendi. |
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| ||1684: William Brouncker dies ... mathematician who introduced Brouncker's formula, and was the first President of the Royal Society. Pic.
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| ||1722: The Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovers Easter Island. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=jacob+roggeveen
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| ||1800: 1800 A UFO sighting near Baton Rouge, Louisiana will be reported to the American Philosophical Society by Thomas Jefferson, President of the society, and (at that time) Vice-President of the United States. The report of a UFO by a Vice-President is still the highest government official to report a UFO. The report itself was written by the naturalist William Dunbar: "A phenomenon was seen to pass Baton Rouge on the night of the 5th April 1800, of which the following is the best description I have been able to obtain. It was first seen in the South West, and moved so rapidly, passing over the heads of the spectators, as to disappear in the North East in about a quarter of a minute. It appeared to be of the size of a large house, 70 or 80 feet long" https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/04/on-this-day-in-math-april-5.html Pic.
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| File:Joseph Lister 1902.jpg|link=Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|1827: Surgeon and scientist [[Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|Joseph Lister]] born. He will pioneer antiseptic surgery, performing the first antiseptic surgery in 1865. | | File:Joseph Lister 1902.jpg|link=Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|1827: Surgeon and scientist [[Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|Joseph Lister]] born. He will pioneer antiseptic surgery, performing the first antiseptic surgery in 1865. |
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| ||1853: 24 Themis, discovered on 5 April 1853 by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Themis Pic.
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| File:Sergey Chaplygin.jpg|link=Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|1869: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer [[Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|Sergey Chaplygin]] born. He will be known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. | | File:Sergey Chaplygin.jpg|link=Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|1869: Physicist, mathematician, and engineer [[Sergey Chaplygin (nonfiction)|Sergey Chaplygin]] born. He will be known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation, and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. |
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| File:Wallace War-Heels.jpg|link=Wallace War-Heels|1870: Adventurer [[Wallace War-Heels]] publishes autobiography.
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| ||1877: Georg Faber born ... Faber's most important work was on the polynomial expansion of functions. This is the problem of expanding an analytical function in an area bounded by a smooth curve as a sum of polynomials, where the polynomials are determined by the area. These polynomials are now known as 'Faber polynomials' and first appear in Faber's 1903 paper Über polynomische Entwickelungen published in Mathematische Annalen. Another important paper which he also published in Mathematische Annalen, this time in 1909, was Über stetige Funktionen. In this paper he introduced the 'hierarchical basis' and explicitly used it for the representation of functions. In fact Faber was building on the idea of Archimedes who computed approximately using a hierarchy of polygonal approximations of a circle. Only in the 1980s was Faber's idea seen to be an important ingredient for the efficient solution of partial differential equations. One further achievement of Faber is worthy of mention. In 1894 Lord Rayleigh made the following claim:" ... given a fixed area of ox-hide to make a drum, the ground tone is lowest if you make your drum circular. " Two mathematicians independently verified Rayleigh's conjecture, Faber and Edgar Krahn. *SAU Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=georg+faber+mathematician
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| ||1881: Hermann von Helmholtz presented The Faraday Lecture before the Fellows of the Chemical Society in London. His topic was The Modern Development of Faraday's Conception of Electricity. Helmholtz recognized Michael Faraday as being the person who most advanced the general scientific method, saying “His principal aim was to express in his new conceptions only facts, with the least possible use of hypothetical substances and forces.” *TIS https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/04/on-this-day-in-math-april-5.html
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| File:Joseph Bertrand.jpg|link=Joseph Bertrand (nonfiction)|1900: Mathematician, economist, and academic [[Joseph Bertrand (nonfiction)|Joseph Louis François Bertrand]] dies. He worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics. | | File:Joseph Bertrand.jpg|link=Joseph Bertrand (nonfiction)|1900: Mathematician, economist, and academic [[Joseph Bertrand (nonfiction)|Joseph Louis François Bertrand]] dies. He worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics. |
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| ||1900: Archaeologists in Knossos, Crete, discover a large cache of clay tablets with hieroglyphic writing in a script they call Linear B.
| | File:Town Without Jetty.jpg|link=Town Without Jetty|'''''[[Town Without Jetty]]''''' wins the Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement (OCEA) Award for Best Marine Civil Engineering Film of the Year. |
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| ||1909: Siegfried Knemeyer born ... German aeronautical engineer, aviator and the Head of Technical Development at the Reich Ministry of Aviation of Nazi Germany during World War II. Pic.
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| File:Havelock_and_Tesla_telecommunications_research.jpg|link=Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|1910: Havelock and [[Nikola Tesla (nonfiction)|Nikola Tesla]] share Nobel Prize in Physics for [[Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|research into electrical field modulation and data transmission]]. | |
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| ||1933: Hjalmar Mellin dies ... mathematician and theorist dies. He is known for the Mellin transform. Pic.
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| ||1935: Donald Lynden-Bell born ... theoretical astrophysicist. He was the first to determine that galaxies contain supermassive black holes at their centres, and that such black holes power quasars. Pic.
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| ||1936: Klaus Weber born ... scientist who made many fundamentally important contributions to biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology. Pic.
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| ||1940: Robert Maillart dies ... engineer, He revolutionized the use of structural reinforced concrete with such designs as the three-hinged arch and the deck-stiffened arch for bridges, and the beamless floor slab and mushroom ceiling for industrial buildings. Pic.
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| ||1950: Marc Voorhoeve born ... mathematician who introduced the Voorhoeve index of a complex function in 1976. Pic: http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~mvoorhoe/
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| ||1951: Cold War: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.
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| ||1955: 1955 On the 5th of April, 1955, Nobel laureate Bertrand Russell sent a following letter to Albert Einstein along with a rough draft of what would soon be known as the Russell-Einstein Manifesto - a written warning to the world's population on the dangers of nuclear weapons, and a plea for all leaders to avoid war when faced with conflict - and asked him to be both a signatory and supporter. https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/04/on-this-day-in-math-april-5.html
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| ||1958: Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.
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| ||1967: Hermann Joseph Muller dies ... geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
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| ||1969: Vietnam War: Massive antiwar demonstrations occur in many U.S. cities.
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| ||1975: Ralph Austin Bard dies ... financier who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1941–1944, and as Under Secretary, 1944–1945. He is noted for a memorandum he wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in 1945 urging that Japan be given a warning before the use of the atomic bomb on a strategic city. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning." Pic.
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| File:Howard Hughes 1940s.jpg|link=Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|1976: Businessman, investor, aviator, film director, and philanthropist [[Howard Hughes (nonfiction)|Howard Hughes]] dies. He was known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world.
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| ||2009: Irving John Good dies ... mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing. After World War II, Good continued to work with Turing on the design of computers and Bayesian statistics at the University of Manchester. Pic.
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| ||2009: North Korea launches its controversial Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 rocket. The satellite passed over mainland Japan, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council, as well as participating states of Six-party talks.
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