Template:Selected anniversaries/December 25: Difference between revisions
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||1652: Archibald Pitcairne born ... physician and academic ... ribald. Pic. | ||1652: Archibald Pitcairne born ... physician and academic ... ribald. Pic. | ||
||1724: John Michell born ... natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation. Considered "one of the greatest unsung scientists of all time", he was the first person known to propose the existence of black holes in publication, the first to suggest that earthquakes travel in waves, the first to explain how to manufacture artificial magnets, and the first to apply statistics to the study of the cosmos, recognizing that double stars were a product of mutual gravitation. He also invented an apparatus to measure the mass of the Earth. Pic: https://www.ecured.cu/John_Michell Pic search | ||1724: John Michell born ... natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation. Considered "one of the greatest unsung scientists of all time", he was the first person known to propose the existence of black holes in publication, the first to suggest that earthquakes travel in waves, the first to explain how to manufacture artificial magnets, and the first to apply statistics to the study of the cosmos, recognizing that double stars were a product of mutual gravitation. He also invented an apparatus to measure the mass of the Earth. Pic: https://www.ecured.cu/John_Michell Pic search. | ||
File:Filippo Mazzei.jpg|link= | File:Filippo Mazzei.jpg|link=Filippo Mazzei (nonfiction)|1730: Physician and activist [[Filippo Mazzei (nonfiction)|Filippo Mazzei]] born. Mazzei will act as an agent to purchase arms for Virginia during the American Revolutionary War. | ||
||1758: Halley's Comet is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch, confirming Edmund Halley's prediction of its passage. This was the first passage of a comet predicted ahead of time. Pic. | ||1758: Halley's Comet is sighted by Johann Georg Palitzsch, confirming Edmund Halley's prediction of its passage. This was the first passage of a comet predicted ahead of time. Pic. | ||
File:Claude Chappe.jpg|link=Claude Chappe (nonfiction)|1763: Inventor [[Claude Chappe (nonfiction)|Claude Chappe]] born. | File:Claude Chappe.jpg|link=Claude Chappe (nonfiction)|1763: Inventor [[Claude Chappe (nonfiction)|Claude Chappe]] born. Chappe will invent and develop a practical semaphore system that will span all of France -- the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age. | ||
||1777: Francesco Maria Zanotti dies ... philosopher and writer. His 1741 essay on the 'attractive force of ideas' defended a view of the association of ideas influenced by Newtonian physics. Pic search | ||1777: Francesco Maria Zanotti dies ... philosopher and writer. His 1741 essay on the 'attractive force of ideas' defended a view of the association of ideas influenced by Newtonian physics. Pic search. | ||
||1831: The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of the island's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom. | ||1831: The Great Jamaican Slave Revolt begins; up to 20% of the island's slaves mobilize in an ultimately unsuccessful fight for freedom. | ||
||1866: Max Wien born ... physicist and the director of the Institute of Physics at the University of Jena. Pic search | ||1866: Max Wien born ... physicist and the director of the Institute of Physics at the University of Jena. Pic search. | ||
||1868: Linus Yale, Jr. dies ... engineer and businessman. Pic. | ||1868: Linus Yale, Jr. dies ... engineer and businessman. Pic. | ||
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||1879: Ignaz "Igo" Etrich born ... flight pioneer, pilot and fixed-wing aircraft developer. Pic: https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igo_Etrich | ||1879: Ignaz "Igo" Etrich born ... flight pioneer, pilot and fixed-wing aircraft developer. Pic: https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igo_Etrich | ||
||1898: Jesse Wakefield Beams born ... physicist. Manhattan project, gravestone. | ||1898: Jesse Wakefield Beams born ... physicist. Manhattan project, gravestone. | ||
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||1905: Gottfried Maria Hugo Köthe born ... mathematician working in abstract algebra and functional analysis. Pic. | ||1905: Gottfried Maria Hugo Köthe born ... mathematician working in abstract algebra and functional analysis. Pic. | ||
||1906: Ernst Ruska born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. | ||1906: Ernst Ruska born ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||
||1913: George Abramovich Koval born ... American who acted as a Soviet intelligence officer for the Soviet atomic bomb project. According to Russian sources, Koval's infiltration of the Manhattan Project as a GRU (Soviet military intelligence) agent "drastically reduced the amount of time it took for Russia to develop nuclear weapons." Pic. | ||1913: George Abramovich Koval born ... American who acted as a Soviet intelligence officer for the Soviet atomic bomb project. According to Russian sources, Koval's infiltration of the Manhattan Project as a GRU (Soviet military intelligence) agent "drastically reduced the amount of time it took for Russia to develop nuclear weapons." Pic. | ||
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||1929: Percy Alexander MacMahon dies ... mathematician, especially noted in connection with the partitions of numbers and enumerative combinatorics. Pic. | ||1929: Percy Alexander MacMahon dies ... mathematician, especially noted in connection with the partitions of numbers and enumerative combinatorics. Pic. | ||
||1930: Eugen Goldstein born ... physicist. He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays, and is sometimes credited with the discovery of the proton. Pic search | ||1930: Eugen Goldstein born ... physicist. He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays, and is sometimes credited with the discovery of the proton. Pic search. | ||
||1935: Submarine ''Plongeur'' decommissioned. Pic. | |||
||1946: The first European self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction is initiated within the Soviet Union's F-1 nuclear reactor. | ||1946: The first European self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction is initiated within the Soviet Union's F-1 nuclear reactor. | ||
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||1961: Otto Loewi dies ... pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||1961: Otto Loewi dies ... pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||
||1961: Reinhold Rudenberg dies ... electrical engineer and inventor, credited with many innovations in the electric power and related fields. Pic search | ||1961: Reinhold Rudenberg dies ... electrical engineer and inventor, credited with many innovations in the electric power and related fields. Pic search. | ||
||1962: The Soviet Union conducts its final above-ground nuclear weapon test, in anticipation of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. | ||1962: The Soviet Union conducts its final above-ground nuclear weapon test, in anticipation of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. | ||
||1966: St. Elmo Brady dies ... African American chemist and educator. Pic. | |||
||1968: Apollo program: Apollo 8 performs the very first successful Trans-Earth injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit. | ||1968: Apollo program: Apollo 8 performs the very first successful Trans-Earth injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit. | ||
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||1973: Gabriel Voisin dies ... aviation pioneer and the creator of Europe's first manned, engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft capable of a sustained (1 km), circular, controlled flight. Pic. | ||1973: Gabriel Voisin dies ... aviation pioneer and the creator of Europe's first manned, engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft capable of a sustained (1 km), circular, controlled flight. Pic. | ||
||1975: Gunnar Kangro dies ... mathematician and author. | ||1975: Gunnar Kangro dies ... mathematician and author. Pic. | ||
||1981: Physicist Heinrich Johann Welker dies. Welker invented the "transistron", a transistor made at Westinghouse independently of the first successful transistor made at Bell Laboratories. He did fundamental work in III-V compound semiconductors, and paved the way for microwave semiconductor elements and laser diodes. | |||
||1991: Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as President of the Soviet Union (the union itself is dissolved the next day). Ukraine's referendum is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union. | ||1991: Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as President of the Soviet Union (the union itself is dissolved the next day). Ukraine's referendum is finalized and Ukraine officially leaves the Soviet Union. | ||
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File:Vera Rubin.jpg|link=Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|2016: Astronomer and academic [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] dies. She discovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. | File:Vera Rubin.jpg|link=Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|2016: Astronomer and academic [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] dies. She discovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:06, 1 April 2024
1642: Isaac Newton born. He will be widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
1730: Physician and activist Filippo Mazzei born. Mazzei will act as an agent to purchase arms for Virginia during the American Revolutionary War.
1763: Inventor Claude Chappe born. Chappe will invent and develop a practical semaphore system that will span all of France -- the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age.
2016: Astronomer and academic Vera Rubin dies. She discovered the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, by studying galactic rotation curves.