Template:Selected anniversaries/August 11: Difference between revisions
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||3114 BC: The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. | ||3114 BC: The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. | ||
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File:Pedro Nunes.png|link=Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic [[Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|Pedro Nunes]] dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography. | File:Pedro Nunes.png|link=Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic [[Pedro Nunes (nonfiction)|Pedro Nunes]] dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography. | ||
File:Richard Mead.jpg|link=Richard Mead (nonfiction)|1673: Physician and astrologer [[Richard Mead (nonfiction)|Richard Mead]] born. His work, ''A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it'' (1720), will be of historic importance in the understanding of transmissible diseases. | |||
||1797: George Shillibeer born ... pioneer of omnibuses. Having founded a coach-building enterprise in Paris (1825), he expanded to include buses. On 4 Jul 1829, he commenced the first regular bus service from London to Paddington, carrying up to 20 passengers and in a coach drawn by three horses. Shillibeer adopted the word omnibus. He boasted it offered a safer and more comfortable ride than ordinary stagecoaches, since all passengers would ride inside. He was followed by imitators then more competition from the discovery that a trolley running on tracks could pull twice the payload. Although Shillibeer had revolutionized London's transport, he went bankrupt and spent time in debtors' prison. He eventually converted his omnibuses into "Shillibeer's Funeral Coaches". Pic. | ||1797: George Shillibeer born ... pioneer of omnibuses. Having founded a coach-building enterprise in Paris (1825), he expanded to include buses. On 4 Jul 1829, he commenced the first regular bus service from London to Paddington, carrying up to 20 passengers and in a coach drawn by three horses. Shillibeer adopted the word omnibus. He boasted it offered a safer and more comfortable ride than ordinary stagecoaches, since all passengers would ride inside. He was followed by imitators then more competition from the discovery that a trolley running on tracks could pull twice the payload. Although Shillibeer had revolutionized London's transport, he went bankrupt and spent time in debtors' prison. He eventually converted his omnibuses into "Shillibeer's Funeral Coaches". Pic. | ||
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||1851: Lorenz Oken dies ... German naturalist who offered early evolutionary ideas and stimulated comparative anatomy. He theorized (incorrectly) that the skull was a modified vertebra, but formed some fundamental concepts which stimulated further thought from later scientists. In Die Zeugung, he discussed “the infusoria”—elementary units of living organisms—into which all flesh can be broken down. Higher animals, he proposed, consisted of constituent animalcules. Entities, whether plants or animals, became organisms by the fusion of these primal animals. Those elements lose all individuality and create a higher unity. Lorenz Oken wrote many books on natural history for students and adults, founded a scholarly journal (contributing most of its articles), and organized scientific congresses. Pic. | ||1851: Lorenz Oken dies ... German naturalist who offered early evolutionary ideas and stimulated comparative anatomy. He theorized (incorrectly) that the skull was a modified vertebra, but formed some fundamental concepts which stimulated further thought from later scientists. In Die Zeugung, he discussed “the infusoria”—elementary units of living organisms—into which all flesh can be broken down. Higher animals, he proposed, consisted of constituent animalcules. Entities, whether plants or animals, became organisms by the fusion of these primal animals. Those elements lose all individuality and create a higher unity. Lorenz Oken wrote many books on natural history for students and adults, founded a scholarly journal (contributing most of its articles), and organized scientific congresses. Pic. | ||
||1854: Macedonio Melloni dies . | File:Macedonio_Melloni.jpg|link=Macedonio Melloni (nonfiction)|1854: Physicist and academic [[Macedonio Melloni (nonfiction)|Macedonio Melloni]] dies. Melloni demonstrated that radiant heat has physical properties similar to those of light. | ||
||1857: Marshall Hall dies ... was an English physician, physiologist and early neurologist. His name is attached to the theory of reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord, to a method of resuscitation of drowned people, and to the elucidation of function of capillary vessels. Pic. | ||1857: Marshall Hall dies ... was an English physician, physiologist and early neurologist. His name is attached to the theory of reflex arc mediated by the spinal cord, to a method of resuscitation of drowned people, and to the elucidation of function of capillary vessels. Pic. | ||
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||1887: Friedrich Zander born ... pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. He designed the first liquid-fueled rocket to be launched in the Soviet Union, GIRD-X, and made many important theoretical contributions to the road to space. Pic. | ||1887: Friedrich Zander born ... pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. He designed the first liquid-fueled rocket to be launched in the Soviet Union, GIRD-X, and made many important theoretical contributions to the road to space. Pic. | ||
||1891: Edgar Zilsel born ... historian and philosopher of science, linked to the Vienna Circle. Why science arose in Europe and not elsewhere. Pic search. | |||
||1892: Enrico Betti dies Italian mathematician and academic ... now remembered mostly for his 1871 paper on topology that led to the later naming after him of the Betti numbers. Pic. | ||1892: Enrico Betti dies Italian mathematician and academic ... now remembered mostly for his 1871 paper on topology that led to the later naming after him of the Betti numbers. Pic. | ||
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||1909: The liner S.S. Arapahoe was the first ship to use the S.O.S. radio distress call. Its wireless operator, T. D. Haubner, radioed for help after a propeller shafat snapped while off the coast at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. The call was heard by the United Wireless station “HA” at Hatteras. A few months later, Haubner on the S.S. Arapahoe received an SOS from the SS Iroquois, the second use of SOS in America. Previously, the distress code CQD had been in use as a maritime distress call, standardised by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. in 1904. The second International Radio Telegraphic Convention (1906) proposed the alternative SOS for its distinctive sound. It was ratified as an international standard in 1908. | ||1909: The liner S.S. Arapahoe was the first ship to use the S.O.S. radio distress call. Its wireless operator, T. D. Haubner, radioed for help after a propeller shafat snapped while off the coast at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA. The call was heard by the United Wireless station “HA” at Hatteras. A few months later, Haubner on the S.S. Arapahoe received an SOS from the SS Iroquois, the second use of SOS in America. Previously, the distress code CQD had been in use as a maritime distress call, standardised by the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. in 1904. The second International Radio Telegraphic Convention (1906) proposed the alternative SOS for its distinctive sound. It was ratified as an international standard in 1908. | ||
||1910: Sigmund Selberg born . | ||1910: Mathematician and academic Sigmund Selberg born. Selberg's work mainly focused on the distribution of prime numbers. Pic search. | ||
||1912: Norman Levinson born ... mathematician. Some of his major contributions were in the study of Fourier transforms, complex analysis, non-linear differential equations, number theory, and signal processing. Pic: https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/norman-levinson/ | ||1912: Norman Levinson born ... mathematician. Some of his major contributions were in the study of Fourier transforms, complex analysis, non-linear differential equations, number theory, and signal processing. Pic: https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/norman-levinson/ | ||
||1917: Dik Browne born ... cartoonist ... Hagar the Horrible. Pic. | |||
||1921: Emil Albert Knoevenagel dies ... chemist who established the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehydes with nitroalkanes is a classic general method for the preparation of nitroalkenes. Pic. | |||
File:Tom Kilburn.jpg|link=Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|1921: Mathematician and computer scientist [[Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|Tom Kilburn]] born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance. | File:Tom Kilburn.jpg|link=Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|1921: Mathematician and computer scientist [[Tom Kilburn (nonfiction)|Tom Kilburn]] born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance. | ||
||1928: Robert W. Bussard born ... physicist who worked primarily in nuclear fusion energy research. Bussard ramjet. Pic | ||1928: Robert W. Bussard born ... physicist who worked primarily in nuclear fusion energy research. Bussard ramjet. Pic search. | ||
||1939: Paul Epstein dies ... mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function. Epstein was appointed to a non-tenured post at the university and he lectured in Frankfurt from 1919. Later he was appointed professor at Frankfurt. However, after the Nazis came to power in Germany he lost his university position. Because of his age he was unable to find a new position abroad, and finally committed suicide by barbital overdose at Dornbusch, fearing Gestapo torture because he was a Jew. Pic: http://www.learn-math.info/mathematicians/historyDetail.htm?id=Epstein | ||1939: Paul Epstein dies ... mathematician. He was known for his contributions to number theory, in particular the Epstein zeta function. Epstein was appointed to a non-tenured post at the university and he lectured in Frankfurt from 1919. Later he was appointed professor at Frankfurt. However, after the Nazis came to power in Germany he lost his university position. Because of his age he was unable to find a new position abroad, and finally committed suicide by barbital overdose at Dornbusch, fearing Gestapo torture because he was a Jew. Pic: http://www.learn-math.info/mathematicians/historyDetail.htm?id=Epstein | ||
||1942: Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi. | ||1942: Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi. Pic. | ||
||1955: Robert | ||1955: Robert W. Wood dies ... physicist and inventor. He is often cited as being a pivotal contributor to the field of optics and a pioneer of infrared and ultraviolet photography. Pic. | ||
||1956: Jackson Pollock dies ... painter. | ||1956: Jackson Pollock dies ... painter. Pic. | ||
||1956: Pierre-Louis Lions ... French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work since the 1980's on partial differential equations. The sources of such equations are many - for example, physical, probalistic or geometric and other diverse subareas - each studying different phenomena for different nonlinear partial differential equations by utterly different methods. Pierre-Louis Lions has been called unique in his ability to transcend these boundaries and to solve pressing problems throughout the field. Pic. Alive (2018) https://todayinsci.com/8/8_11.htm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lions.html | ||1956: Pierre-Louis Lions ... French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work since the 1980's on partial differential equations. The sources of such equations are many - for example, physical, probalistic or geometric and other diverse subareas - each studying different phenomena for different nonlinear partial differential equations by utterly different methods. Pierre-Louis Lions has been called unique in his ability to transcend these boundaries and to solve pressing problems throughout the field. Pic. Alive (2018) https://todayinsci.com/8/8_11.htm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Lions.html | ||
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||1975: Alfred Lee Loomis dies ... attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist/physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System, and a lifelong patron of scientific research. Pic. | ||1975: Alfred Lee Loomis dies ... attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist/physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System, and a lifelong patron of scientific research. Pic. | ||
||1977: Frederic Calland Williams dies ... co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems. Pic search. | |||
||1977: Frederic Calland Williams dies ... co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems. | |||
||1978: The first successful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon began when three Americans, Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson and Larry Newman, took off in their Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine. Their 3,100-mile flight ended on 17 Aug 1978, 137-hr 6-min later, in France. The helium balloon Double Eagle II was 112- ft high, 65-ft diam., capacity 160,000 cu.ft. with a 15x7x4½-ft passenger gondola named The Spirit of Albuquerque. The underside of the gondola was a twin-hulled catamaran to provide emergency flotation for any unplanned water landing. Double Eagle II was built by Ed Yost. The history of transatlantic balloon crossing included seventeen prior unsuccessful attempts and seven lives lost. | ||1978: The first successful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by balloon began when three Americans, Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson and Larry Newman, took off in their Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine. Their 3,100-mile flight ended on 17 Aug 1978, 137-hr 6-min later, in France. The helium balloon Double Eagle II was 112- ft high, 65-ft diam., capacity 160,000 cu.ft. with a 15x7x4½-ft passenger gondola named The Spirit of Albuquerque. The underside of the gondola was a twin-hulled catamaran to provide emergency flotation for any unplanned water landing. Double Eagle II was built by Ed Yost. The history of transatlantic balloon crossing included seventeen prior unsuccessful attempts and seven lives lost. | ||
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File:Alonzo Church.jpg|link=Alonzo Church (nonfiction)|1995: Mathematician and logician [[Alonzo Church (nonfiction)|Alonzo Church]] dies. He made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. | File:Alonzo Church.jpg|link=Alonzo Church (nonfiction)|1995: Mathematician and logician [[Alonzo Church (nonfiction)|Alonzo Church]] dies. He made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. | ||
File:Armand Borel.jpg|link=Armand Borel (nonfiction)|2003: Mathematician and academic [[Armand Borel (nonfiction)|Armand Borel]] dies. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, | File:Armand Borel.jpg|link=Armand Borel (nonfiction)|2003: Mathematician and academic [[Armand Borel (nonfiction)|Armand Borel]] dies. He worked in algebraic topology, and in the theory of Lie groups, contributing to the creation of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups. | ||
|| | ||2012: Robert Duncan Luce dies ... mathematician and social scientist, and one of the most preeminent figures in the field of mathematical psychology. Pic search. Pic search. | ||
||2015: Richard A. Oriani dies ... chemical engineer and metallurgist who was instrumental in the study of the effects of hydrogen in metal. He also made significant contributions to the field of cold fusion. Pic. | |||
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Latest revision as of 12:03, 7 February 2022
1578: Mathematician, cosmographer, and academic Pedro Nunes dies. One of the greatest mathematicians of his time, he is best known for his mathematical approach to navigation and cartography.
1673: Physician and astrologer Richard Mead born. His work, A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it (1720), will be of historic importance in the understanding of transmissible diseases.
1854: Physicist and academic Macedonio Melloni dies. Melloni demonstrated that radiant heat has physical properties similar to those of light.
1921: Mathematician and computer scientist Tom Kilburn born. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he will be involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance.
1974: Graphic designer and typographer Jan Tschichold dies. He was a leading advocate of Modernist design, but later condemn Modernist design in general as being authoritarian and inherently fascistic.
1995: Mathematician and logician Alonzo Church dies. He made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science.
2003: Mathematician and academic Armand Borel dies. He worked in algebraic topology, and in the theory of Lie groups, contributing to the creation of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.