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| File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|link=Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|1473: Mathematician and astronomer [[Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|Nicolaus Copernicus]] born. He will formulate a model of the universe that places the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. | | File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|link=Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|1473: Mathematician and astronomer [[Nicolaus Copernicus (nonfiction)|Nicolaus Copernicus]] born. He will formulate a model of the universe that places the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. |
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| ||1511: Erasmus Reinhold born ... astronomer and mathematician.
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| ||1519: Froben Christoph of Zimmern born ... author of the Zimmern Chronicle.
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| ||1526: Carolus Clusius born ... botanist and academic.
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| ||1549: 1549 Osiander wrote of Michael Stifel: “He has devised new numbers for the alphabet, namely the triangular numbers, and his fantasies are more absurd than before.” *VFR https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html Pic.
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| ||1553: Erasmus Reinhold dies ... astronomer and mathematician.
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| File:Blaise_de_Vigenère.png|link=Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)|1596: Cryptographer and diplomat [[Blaise de Vigenère (nonfiction)]] dies. The Vigenère cipher was misattributed to him; Vigenère himself devised a different, stronger cipher.
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| File:Huaynaputina.jpg|link=Huaynaputina (nonfiction)|1600: The [[Huaynaputina (nonfiction)|Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina]] explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
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| File:Galileo E pur si muove.jpg|link=Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|1616: The Inquisition asked a commission of theologians, known as qualifiers, about the propositions of the heliocentric view of the universe after Nicollo Lorin had accused [[Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|Galileo Galilei]] of heretical remarks in a letter to his former student, Benedetto Castelli. | | File:Galileo E pur si muove.jpg|link=Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|1616: The Inquisition asked a commission of theologians, known as qualifiers, about the propositions of the heliocentric view of the universe after Nicollo Lorin had accused [[Galileo Galilei (nonfiction)|Galileo Galilei]] of heretical remarks in a letter to his former student, Benedetto Castelli. |
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| ||1660: Friedrich Hoffmann dies ... physician and chemist.
| | File:Alexander Andreevich Samarskii.jpg|link=Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|1919: Mathematician and academic [[Alexander Andreevich Samarskii (nonfiction)|Alexander Andreevich Samarskii]] born. Samarskii will contribute to applied mathematics, numerical analysis, mathematical modeling, and finite difference methods. |
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| ||1671/72: 1671/72 Newton’s first publication appears as a letter in the Philosophical Transactions. It deals with his new theory of light, showing that a prism separates white light into its component colors. Huygens, Hooke and others objected so strongly that he vowed not to publish again. Fortunately that vow was not kept. *VFR The full text of that publication is here. https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1789: William Fairbairn born ... civil engineer, structural engineer and shipbuilder.
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| File:Jean Charles Borda.jpg|link=Jean-Charles de Borda (nonfiction)|1799: Mathematician, physicist, and sailor [[Jean-Charles de Borda (nonfiction)|Jean-Charles de Borda]] dies. He contributed to the development of the metric system, constructing a platinum standard meter, the basis of metric distance measurement. | |
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| ||1804: Carl von Rokitansky born ... physician, pathologist, and philosopher.
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| ||1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert.
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| ||1859: Svante Arrhenius born ... physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
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| ||1863: Axel Thue born ... mathematician, known for highly original work in diophantine approximation, and combinatorics. He stated in 1914 the so-called word problem for semigroups or Thue problem, closely related to the halting problem.
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| ||1878: Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.
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| File:Karl Weierstrass.jpg|link=Karl Weierstrass (nonfiction)|1897: Mathematician and academic [[Karl Weierstrass (nonfiction)|Karl Weierstrass]] dies. He will be cited as the "father of modern analysis".
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| ||1898: Sverre Petterssen born ... meteorologist, prominent in the field of weather analysis and forecasting (D-Day). Pic.
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| ||1901 Messages from Mars reported in Collier's Magazine. While conducting experiments on high-frequency electrical transmission in 1899 in his Colorado Springs, Colorado laboratory, Nikola Tesla picked up cosmic radio waves on his instruments. Announcing this development, he publicly opined that the messages came from outer space, possibly from inhabitants of Mars. In a Collier’s Weekly article dated February 19, 1901, Tesla wrote, “At the present stage of progress, there would be no insurmountable obstacle in constructing a machine capable of conveying a message to Mars … What a tremendous stir this would make in the world! How soon will it come?” Later discoveries revealed that Tesla had actually picked up common radio waves emitted by interstellar gas clouds. *History. Com https://pballew.blogspot.com/2019/02/on-this-day-in-math-february-19.html
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| ||1908: Paul Matthieu Hermann Laurent dies ... mathematician. He developed statistical formulas for the calculation of actuarial tables and studied heat conduction. Pic.
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| ||1915: Fritz Joachim Weyl born ... mathematician.
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| ||1916: Ernst Mach dies ... physicist and philosopher. Pic.
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| ||1929: Joseph Valentin Boussinesq dies ... mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. Pic.
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| File:Maria Goeppert-Mayer.jpg|link=Maria Goeppert-Mayer (nonfiction)|1937: Physicist and crime-fighter [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer (nonfiction)|Maria Goeppert-Mayer]] publishes mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells which detects and prevents [[crimes against physical constants]].
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| ||1938: Edmund Georg Hermann Landau dies ... born mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis.
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| ||1942: World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.
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| ||1942: World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin, killing 243 people.
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| ||1946: Karen Silkwood born ... technician and activist.
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| File:Alan Turing (1930s).jpg|link=Alan Turing (nonfiction)|1946: Mathematician and academic [[Alan Turing (nonfiction)|Alan Turing]] presents the "Proposal for the Development in the Mathematics Division of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) to a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL); the proposal will be approved at a second meeting held a month later. | | File:Alan Turing (1930s).jpg|link=Alan Turing (nonfiction)|1946: Mathematician and academic [[Alan Turing (nonfiction)|Alan Turing]] presents the "Proposal for the Development in the Mathematics Division of an Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) to a meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL); the proposal will be approved at a second meeting held a month later. |
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| ||1949: Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.
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| ||File:Eisenhower in the Oval Office February 1956.jpg|link=Transdimensional corporation|1958: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised address to the nation, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by [[transdimensional corporations]].
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| |File:Palomares H-Bomb airships.jpg|link=Carnivorous dirigibles|1959: [[Carnivorous dirigibles]] spontaneously generate [[Extract of Radium]].
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| ||1960: China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.
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| ||1976: Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald Ford's Proclamation 4417.
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| ||1985: Wilhelm Otto Ludwig Specht dies mathematician ... introduced Specht modules. He also proved the Specht criterion for unitary equivalence of matrices. Pic.
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| ||1988: André Frédéric Cournand ... physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
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| ||Milton Spinoza Plesset (d. 19 February 1991) was an American applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy. Pic.
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| ||1993: Bernard Taub Feld dies .. professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He helped develop the atomic bomb, and later led an international movement among scientists to banish nuclear weapons. Pic: https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=126451
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| ||1986: Robert Bigham Brode dies ... American physicist, who during World War II led the group at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos laboratory that developed the fuses used in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Pic.
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| ||2000: Samut Prakan radiation accident: retrieval operations begin.
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| ||2002: NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.
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| ||2009: Edmund Hlawka dies ... mathematician. He was a leading number theorist. Pic.
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| ||2012: Ruth Barcan Marcus dies ... philosopher and logician.
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| ||2013: Robert Coleman Richardson dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.
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| ||2014: Valeri Kubasov dies ... engineer and astronaut.
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| File:Phagey the Extract of Radium mascot.png|link=Extract of Radium|1965: [[Extract of Radium]] sponsors re-enactment of the [[Huaynaputina (nonfiction)|eruption of Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina]].
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| File:Umberto Eco 1984.jpg|link=Umberto Eco (nonfiction)|2016: Novelist, literary critic, and philosopher [[Umberto Eco (nonfiction)|Umberto Eco]] dies. He cited James Joyce and Jorge Luis Borges as the two modern authors who have influenced his work the most.
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| File:Alice Beta Paragliding.jpg|link=Alice Beta Paragliding|2017: Steganographic analysis of ''[[Alice Beta Paragliding]]'' reveals encrypted data "almost certainly related to secret programs within the [[ENIAC (SETI)|ENIAC program]]."
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| File:Three Kings 2.jpg|link=Three Kings 2 (nonfiction)|2016: Steganographic analysis of ''[[Three Kings 2 (nonfiction)|Three Kings 2]]'' reveals "five hundred and twelve kilobytes" of previously unknown [[Gnomon algorithm functions]].
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| File:Igor Shafarevich.jpg|link=Igor Shafarevich (nonfiction)|2017: Mathematician and dissident [[Igor Shafarevich (nonfiction)|Igor Shafarevich]] dies. He made fundamental contributions to algebraic number theory, algebraic geometry, and arithmetic algebraic geometry.
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