Template:Selected anniversaries/August 18: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (26 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
||1550: Architect and military engineer Antonio Ferramolino, is killed during the siege of Mahdia in modern Tunisia. Pic: map: http://www.lescalinatedellarte.com/it/?q=node/4377 | ||1550: Architect and military engineer Antonio Ferramolino, is killed during the siege of Mahdia in modern Tunisia. Pic: map: http://www.lescalinatedellarte.com/it/?q=node/4377 | ||
File:Urbain Grandier.jpg|link=Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|1634: Catholic priest [[Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|Urbain Grandier]], accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu. | |||
File:Urbain Grandier.jpg|link=Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|1634: [[Urbain Grandier (nonfiction)|Urbain Grandier]], accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu | |||
||1652: Florimond de Beaune dies ... jurist and mathematician. In a 1638 letter to Descartes, de Beaune described the first example of the inverse tangent method of deducing properties of a curve from its tangents. Pic, book cover: http://www.librairiedesmaths.com/site/ficprod.asp?IDProduit=1887 | ||1652: Florimond de Beaune dies ... jurist and mathematician. In a 1638 letter to Descartes, de Beaune described the first example of the inverse tangent method of deducing properties of a curve from its tangents. Pic, book cover: http://www.librairiedesmaths.com/site/ficprod.asp?IDProduit=1887 | ||
||1685: Brook Taylor born ... mathematician and theorist. | ||1685: Brook Taylor born ... mathematician and theorist. Pic. | ||
||1698: Samuel Klingenstierna born ... mathematician, scientist, and academic. He was instrumental in the invention of the Achromatic Telescope. Pic. | ||1698: Samuel Klingenstierna born ... mathematician, scientist, and academic. He was instrumental in the invention of the Achromatic Telescope. Pic. | ||
||1774: Meriwether Lewis born ... American soldier, explorer, and politician | ||1774: Meriwether Lewis born ... American soldier, explorer, and politician. Pic. | ||
||1783: A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast. | ||1783: A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast. | ||
||1823: André-Jacques Garnerin dies .... balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. | ||1823: André-Jacques Garnerin dies .... balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. Pic. | ||
||1824: Pierre-Émile Martin born ... engineer who adapted the steelmaking process by using the open-hearth regenerative furnace invented by Charles William Siemens and Friedrich Siemens (1856), now known as the Siemens-Martin process. The Siemens' idea was to capture heat from exhaust gases in chambers flanking the furnace containing fire-bricks. When the flow is changed to preheat the input gases using recycled energy stored in the bricks, huge fuel savings result. Pic. | ||1824: Pierre-Émile Martin born ... engineer who adapted the steelmaking process by using the open-hearth regenerative furnace invented by Charles William Siemens and Friedrich Siemens (1856), now known as the Siemens-Martin process. The Siemens' idea was to capture heat from exhaust gases in chambers flanking the furnace containing fire-bricks. When the flow is changed to preheat the input gases using recycled energy stored in the bricks, huge fuel savings result. Pic. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 30: | ||
||Engels wrote to Marx, "The matter is so perfectly clear that we cannot be amazed enough how the mathematicians so stubbornly insist on mystifying it," in praise of Marx's manuscript on the differential calculus. | ||Engels wrote to Marx, "The matter is so perfectly clear that we cannot be amazed enough how the mathematicians so stubbornly insist on mystifying it," in praise of Marx's manuscript on the differential calculus. | ||
||1886: Eli Whitney Blake dies ... American inventor, invented the Mortise lock | ||1886: Eli Whitney Blake dies ... American inventor, invented the Mortise lock. Pic. | ||
||1890: Erich Kamke born ... mathematician, who specialized in the theory of differential equations. Also, his book on set theory became a standard introduction to the field. | ||1890: Erich Kamke born ... mathematician, who specialized in the theory of differential equations. Also, his book on set theory became a standard introduction to the field. Pic. | ||
||1891: The first rainmaking experiments in the U.S. were conducted near Midland, Texas, paid for by a grant from the U.S. government. Patent attorney Gen. Robert Dyrenforth set off explosive balloons and artillery to try to make rainclouds develop. At a time of extreme drought, any effort with a hope of success may have been thought worthwhile to try, but there were no results. The method chosen was to test a theory that rainstorms seemed often to occur where major battles had taken place during the Civil War, and they may have been because of the effect of smoke, dust and disturbances in the air from artillery. | ||1891: The first rainmaking experiments in the U.S. were conducted near Midland, Texas, paid for by a grant from the U.S. government. Patent attorney Gen. Robert Dyrenforth set off explosive balloons and artillery to try to make rainclouds develop. At a time of extreme drought, any effort with a hope of success may have been thought worthwhile to try, but there were no results. The method chosen was to test a theory that rainstorms seemed often to occur where major battles had taken place during the Civil War, and they may have been because of the effect of smoke, dust and disturbances in the air from artillery. | ||
| Line 45: | Line 41: | ||
||1908: Frederick Bawden born ... plant pathologist whose research interest was in plant viruses, and how best to ensure that a farmer could grow healthy and productive crops. With his associates, in 1937, he discovered that the tobacco mozaic virus contained ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids were known to be present in all cells, but this was the first time that RNA was observed in a virus, which is a subcellular infectious agent. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_18.htm | ||1908: Frederick Bawden born ... plant pathologist whose research interest was in plant viruses, and how best to ensure that a farmer could grow healthy and productive crops. With his associates, in 1937, he discovered that the tobacco mozaic virus contained ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids were known to be present in all cells, but this was the first time that RNA was observed in a virus, which is a subcellular infectious agent. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_18.htm | ||
File:Pál Turán.jpg|link=Pál Turán (nonfiction)|1910: Mathematician [[Pál Turán (nonfiction)|Pál Turán]] born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory. | File:Pál Turán.jpg|link=Pál Turán (nonfiction)|1910: Mathematician [[Pál Turán (nonfiction)|Pál Turán]] born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory. | ||
File:Klara Dan von Neumann.png|link=Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|1911: Computer scientist [[Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|Klara Dan von Neumann]] born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code. | File:Klara Dan von Neumann.png|link=Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|1911: Computer scientist [[Klara Dan von Neumann (nonfiction)|Klara Dan von Neumann]] born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code. | ||
| Line 57: | Line 49: | ||
||1943: Friedrich Moritz Hartogs dies ... mathematician, known for his work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables. Pic. | ||1943: Friedrich Moritz Hartogs dies ... mathematician, known for his work on set theory and foundational results on several complex variables. Pic. | ||
||1944: Operation Scherhorn, Soviet deception against Nazi intelligence ... a wireless message from Max to German Command. | |||
||1960: Carlo Emilio Bonferroni born ... mathematician who worked on probability theory. Bonferroni is best known for the Bonferroni inequalities (a generalization of the union bound), and for the Bonferroni correction in statistics (which he did not invent but which utilizes his inequalities). Pic. | |||
||1976: Shintaro Uda dies ... inventor, and assistant professor to Hidetsugu Yagi at Tohoku University, where together they invented the Yagi-Uda antenna in 1926. Pic: http://www.ieeecincinnati.org/2011/09/05/september-2011-history/ | |||
||1980: Elizabeth Stern dies ... one of the first pathologists to work on the progression of a cell from normality to cancerous. Her breakthrough studies of cervical cancers have changed the disease from fatal to one of the most easily diagnosed and treatable. Her studies showed that a normal cell advanced through 250 distinct stages before becoming cancerous and thus is the most easily diagnosed of all cancers. She was the first to linking a virus in herpes simplex to cervical cancer. She was also the first to report the linkage between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Pic: https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-stern-38623 | ||1980: Elizabeth Stern dies ... one of the first pathologists to work on the progression of a cell from normality to cancerous. Her breakthrough studies of cervical cancers have changed the disease from fatal to one of the most easily diagnosed and treatable. Her studies showed that a normal cell advanced through 250 distinct stages before becoming cancerous and thus is the most easily diagnosed of all cancers. She was the first to linking a virus in herpes simplex to cervical cancer. She was also the first to report the linkage between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Pic: https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-stern-38623 | ||
||1981: Bernard | ||1981: Bernard Koopman dies ... mathematician, known for his work in ergodic theory, the foundations of probability, statistical theory and operations research. No DOB. Pic search good: https://www.google.com/search?q=Bernard+Koopman | ||
||1986: Seventy-two Nobel Prize-winning scientists filed a legal brief with the U.S. Supreme Court challenging as unconstitutional a Louisiana law requiring schools that teach evolution to also teach “creation-science.” A news release described the scientists as “the largest group of Nobel laureates ever to support a single statement on any subject..” At a news conference in Washington D.C. the same day, they warned that the Louisiana law threatened scientific education by disparaging proven scientific facts to promote fundamentalist Christian beliefs. | ||1986: Seventy-two Nobel Prize-winning scientists filed a legal brief with the U.S. Supreme Court challenging as unconstitutional a Louisiana law requiring schools that teach evolution to also teach “creation-science.” A news release described the scientists as “the largest group of Nobel laureates ever to support a single statement on any subject..” At a news conference in Washington D.C. the same day, they warned that the Louisiana law threatened scientific education by disparaging proven scientific facts to promote fundamentalist Christian beliefs. | ||
||1988: Michael Willcox Perrin dies ... scientist who created the first practical polythene, directed the first British atomic bomb programme, and participated in the Allied intelligence of the Nazi atomic bomb. Pic. | |||
||1990: B. F. Skinner dies ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic. | ||1990: B. F. Skinner dies ... psychologist whose pioneering work in experimental psychology promoted behaviorism, shaping behavior through positive and negative reinforcement and demonstrated operant conditioning. The “Skinner box” he used in experiments from 1930 remains famous. To investigate the learning processes of animals, he observed their behaviour in a simple box with a lever which, when activated by the animal, would give a reward (or punishment). The reward, such as pellets of food or water, acts as a primary reinforcer. He observed the behaviour of animals adapted to utilize the opportunity for a reward. He extended his theories to the behaviour of humans, as a form of social engineering. Pic. | ||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
||1998: Kurt Schütte dies ... mathematician who worked on proof theory and ordinal analysis. The Feferman–Schütte ordinal, which he showed to be the precise ordinal bound for predicativity, is named after him. Pic. | ||1998: Kurt Schütte dies ... mathematician who worked on proof theory and ordinal analysis. The Feferman–Schütte ordinal, which he showed to be the precise ordinal bound for predicativity, is named after him. Pic. | ||
||2001: David Peakall dies ... chemist and toxicologist ... DDT, thinning eggshells | ||2001: David Peakall dies ... chemist and toxicologist ... DDT, thinning eggshells. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=David+Peakall | ||
||2015: Charles John Read dies ... mathematician known for his work in functional analysis. In operator theory, he is best known for his work in the 1980s on the invariant subspace problem, where he constructed operators with only trivial invariant subspaces on particular Banach spaces Pic. | ||2015: Charles John Read dies ... mathematician known for his work in functional analysis. In operator theory, he is best known for his work in the 1980s on the invariant subspace problem, where he constructed operators with only trivial invariant subspaces on particular Banach spaces Pic. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:11, 7 February 2022
1634: Catholic priest Urbain Grandier, accused and convicted of sorcery, is burned alive in Loudun, France. He was the victim of a politically motivated persecution led by the powerful Cardinal Richelieu.
1910: Mathematician Pál Turán born. He will work primarily in number theory, but also contribute to analysis and graph theory.
1911: Computer scientist Klara Dan von Neumann born. She will be one of the world's first computer programmers and coders, solving mathematical problems using computer code.