Template:Selected anniversaries/July 31: Difference between revisions

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||781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781).


File:Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller.jpg|link=Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|1669: [[Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|Isaac Newton]] becomes known. Lucasian professor Isaac Barrow sent John Collins a manuscript of Newton's ''De analysi'' and thereby Newton's anonymity began to dissolve. ''De analysi'' was a summary of Newton's work on the calculus and was written after Newton saw Nicholas Mercator's ''Logarithmotechnia'' (1668), which contained a series for log(1 + x), in order that Newton would not lose credit for his work on infinite series. Collins immediately recognized Newton's genius. Although this manuscript was not published until 1704, it led to Newton's appointment as Lucasian professor on 29 October 1669.  
||781: The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji.


||1703 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
File:Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller.jpg|link=Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|1669: [[Isaac Newton (nonfiction)|Isaac Newton]] becomes known. Lucasian professor Isaac Barrow sent John Collins a manuscript of Newton's ''De analysi'' and thereby Newton's anonymity began to dissolve. Although this manuscript was not published until 1704, it led to Newton's appointment as Lucasian professor on 29 October 1669.
 
||1703: Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.


File:Gabriel Cramer.jpg|link=Gabriel Cramer (nonfiction)|1704: Mathematician and physicist [[Gabriel Cramer (nonfiction)|Gabriel Cramer]] born. He will publish Cramer's rule, giving a general formula for the solution for any unknown in a linear equation system having a unique solution, in terms of determinants implied by the system.
File:Gabriel Cramer.jpg|link=Gabriel Cramer (nonfiction)|1704: Mathematician and physicist [[Gabriel Cramer (nonfiction)|Gabriel Cramer]] born. He will publish Cramer's rule, giving a general formula for the solution for any unknown in a linear equation system having a unique solution, in terms of determinants implied by the system.


||1718 – John Canton, English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
||1718: John Canton born ... physicist and academic. Pic.


||1726 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
||1726: Nicolaus II Bernoulli dies ... mathematician and theorist. Pic.


File:Denis Diderot by van Loo.jpg|link=Denis Diderot (nonfiction)|1784: Philosopher, art critic, and writer [[Denis Diderot (nonfiction)|Denis Diderot]] dies. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment, serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the ''Encyclopédie'' along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.
File:Denis Diderot by van Loo.jpg|link=Denis Diderot (nonfiction)|1784: Philosopher, art critic, and writer [[Denis Diderot (nonfiction)|Denis Diderot]] dies. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment, serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the ''Encyclopédie'' along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.


||1790 – The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
||1790: The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
 
||1800: Friedrich Wöhler born ... chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements. Pic.
 
||1803: John Ericsson born ... engineer, co-designed the USS Princeton and the Novelty Locomotive. Pic.
 
||1804: Louis Necker dies ... mathematician, physicist, professor and a banker in Paris. He was the elder brother of Jacques Necker, minister of Finance in France when the French Revolution broke out. Pic.


||Friedrich Wöhler (German: [ˈvøːlɐ]; 31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements.
||1858: Richard Dixon Oldham born ... seismologist and geologist ... Oldham made the first clear identification of the separate arrivals of P-waves, S-waves and surface waves on seismograms and the first clear evidence that the Earth has a central core. Pic.


||1803 – John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the USS Princeton and the Novelty Locomotive (d. 1889)
||1867: Benoît Fourneyron dies ... engineer born ... He made significant contributions to the development of water turbines. Pic.


File:Jean-Antoine Chaptal.jpg|link=Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal (nonfiction)|1822: Chemist, physician, agronomist, industrialist, statesman, educator, and philanthropist [[Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal (nonfiction)|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]] endows organization dedicated to detecting and preventing [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
||1886: Salvatore Maranzano born ... mob boss.


||1858 – Richard Dixon Oldham, English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
||1913: John Milne dies ... geologist and mining engineer.  


||1886 – Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
||1921: Vladimir Keilis-Borok born ... mathematical geophysicist and seismologist. Pic: http://dailybruin.com/2013/10/31/keilis-borok-remembered-for-earthquake-prediction-research/


||1913 - John Milne, British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
||1923: Stephanie Kwolek born ... chemist ... Kevlar. Pic.


||Stephanie Louise Kwolek (b. July 31, 1923) was an American chemist ... Kevlar
||1925: Arthur Oliver Lonsdale Atkin born ... Atkin, along with Noam Elkies, extended Schoof's algorithm to create the Schoof–Elkies–Atkin algorithm. Together with Daniel J. Bernstein, he developed the sieve of Atkin. Atkin is also known for his work on properties of the integer partition function and the monster module. mathematician. Pic: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/81482208/arthur-oliver_lonsdale-atkin


File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1926: Philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] born. He will argue for the reality of mathematical entities, later espousing the view that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical".
File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1926: Philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] born. He will argue for the reality of mathematical entities, later espousing the view that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical".


||1930 – The radio mystery program The Shadow airs for the first time.
||1930: The radio mystery program The Shadow airs for the first time.
 
||1938: Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
 
||1941: The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question."


||1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
||1945: Operation Sabre: was a Royal Navy military operation in World War Two which involved cutting the Japanese submarine communications cable linking Saigon and Singapore ... operating from an X-Craft midget submarine in the Saigon River. Pic (submarine in museum).


||1941 – The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question."
||1953: Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinsky dies ... chemist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of USSR (1929). Pic. Zelinsky studied at the University of Odessa and at the universities of Leipzig and Göttingen in Germany. Zelinsky was one of the founders of theory on organic catalysis. He is the inventor of the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world (1915).


||Quirino Majorana (d. 31 July 1957) was an Italian experimental physicist who investigated a wide range of phenomena  
||1957: Quirino Majorana dies ... experimental physicist who investigated a wide range of phenomena  


||1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
||1964: Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.


||1970 died: Nicolas Minorsky was a Russian American control theory mathematician, engineer and applied scientist. He is best known for his theoretical analysis and first proposed application of PID controllers in the automatic steering systems for U.S. Navy ships. Pic.
||1970: Nicolas Minorsky dies ... control theory mathematician, engineer and applied scientist. He is best known for his theoretical analysis and first proposed application of PID controllers in the automatic steering systems for U.S. Navy ships. Pic.


||1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
||1971: Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.


||1980 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)1980 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
||1980: Pascual Jordan dies ... physicist, author, and academic.


||1991 – The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.
||1991: The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.


||1999 – Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.
||1999: Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.


||Thomas Wolff (d. July 31, 2000) was a noted mathematician, working primarily in the fields of harmonic analysis, complex analysis, and partial differential equations. Pic.
||2000: Thomas Wolff dies ... mathematician, working primarily in the fields of harmonic analysis, complex analysis, and partial differential equations. Pic.


File:Portable envy clock generator.jpg|link=Portable envy|2003: [[Portable envy]] components linked to [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
||2016: Seymour Papert dies ... mathematician, computer scientist, and educator, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at MIT. He was one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, and of the constructionist movement in education. He was a co-inventor of the Logo programming language. Pic.


||2016 – Seymour Papert, South African mathematician (b. 1928)
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Latest revision as of 18:50, 26 January 2022

  • 1669: Isaac Newton becomes known. Lucasian professor Isaac Barrow sent John Collins a manuscript of Newton's De analysi and thereby Newton's anonymity began to dissolve. Although this manuscript was not published until 1704, it led to Newton's appointment as Lucasian professor on 29 October 1669.

    1669: Isaac Newton becomes known. Lucasian professor Isaac Barrow sent John Collins a manuscript of Newton's De analysi and thereby Newton's anonymity began to dissolve. Although this manuscript was not published until 1704, it led to Newton's appointment as Lucasian professor on 29 October 1669.

  • 1704: Mathematician and physicist Gabriel Cramer born. He will publish Cramer's rule, giving a general formula for the solution for any unknown in a linear equation system having a unique solution, in terms of determinants implied by the system.

    1704: Mathematician and physicist Gabriel Cramer born. He will publish Cramer's rule, giving a general formula for the solution for any unknown in a linear equation system having a unique solution, in terms of determinants implied by the system.

  • 1784: Philosopher, art critic, and writer Denis Diderot dies. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment, serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

    1784: Philosopher, art critic, and writer Denis Diderot dies. He was a prominent figure during the Enlightenment, serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

  • 1926: Philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist Hilary Putnam born. He will argue for the reality of mathematical entities, later espousing the view that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical".

    1926: Philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist Hilary Putnam born. He will argue for the reality of mathematical entities, later espousing the view that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical".

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