Template:Selected anniversaries/July 13: Difference between revisions

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File:Julius_Caesar_-_Tusculum_portrait.jpg|link=Julius Caesar (nonfiction)|100 BC: Roman general and statesman [[Julius Caesar (nonfiction)|Julius Caesar]] born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
File:Julius_Caesar_-_Tusculum_portrait.jpg|link=Julius Caesar (nonfiction)|100 BC: Roman general and statesman [[Julius Caesar (nonfiction)|Julius Caesar]] born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.


File:John Dee.jpg|link=John Dee (nonfiction)|1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer [[John Dee (nonfiction)|John Dee]] born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.
File:John Dee.jpg|link=John Dee (nonfiction)|1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer [[John Dee (nonfiction)|John Dee]] born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.


||1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
||1741: Carl Friedrich Hindenburg born ... mathematician born in Dresden. His work centered mostly on combinatorics and probability. Pic: book cover.


||1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
||1762: James Bradley dies ... priest and astronomer. No DOB. Pic.


||1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
||1779: William Hedley born ... engineer. One of the leading industrial engineers of the early 19th century, and was instrumental in several major innovations in early railway development. He built the first practical steam locomotive which relied simply on the adhesion of iron wheels on iron rails. Pic.


||Johann III Bernoulli (d. 13 July 1807, Berlin), grandson of Johann Bernoulli, and son of Johann II Bernoulli. He was known around the world as a child prodigy. Pic.
||1793: Jean-Paul Marat dies ... physician and theorist ... French Revolution ... a vigorous defender of the sans-culottes and seen as a radical voice. He published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers. Pic.


||1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
||1807: Johann III Bernoulli  dies .... He was known around the world as a child prodigy. Pic.


||Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (d. 13 July 1857) was a German chemist, natural scientist and a professor of physics and chemistry.
||1826: Stanislao Cannizzaro born ... chemist and academic ... he discovered that aromatic aldehydes are decomposed by an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide into a mixture of the corresponding acid and alcohol.[3] For example, benzaldehyde decomposes into benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol, the Cannizzaro reaction. Pic.


||1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
||1831: Arthur Böttcher born ... pathologist and anatomist. Pic.


||1863 – Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
||1854: Aristarkh Apollonovich Belopolsky born ... Russian astronomer.  Pic: https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Aristarkh_Apollonovich_Belopolsky.html


||Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (d. 13 July 1896), was a German organic chemist. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.
||1857: Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner dies ... chemist, natural scientist and a professor of physics and chemistry. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Karl+Wilhelm+Gottlob+Kastner


||1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
||1863: New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.


|| 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
||1863: Margaret Murray born ... archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist. Pic.


||1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
File:August Kekulé.jpg|link=August Kekulé (nonfiction)|1896: Organic chemist [[August Kekulé (nonfiction)|Friedrich August Kekulé]] dies. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.


File:IF-THEN-ELSE-END flowchart.svg.png|link=Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|1956 – John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "[[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|Artificial intelligence]]" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.
||1904: Mathematician and academic Alfred Leon Foster born.  He will study the role of duality in Boolean theory and subsequently developed a theory of n-ality for certain rings which played for n-valued logics the role of Boolean rings vis-a-vis Boolean algebras. Pic.


||Kurt Diebner (d. 13 July 1964) was a German nuclear physicist who is well known for directing and administrating the German nuclear energy project, a secretive program aiming to build nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany during the course of World War II. Pic.
||1919: The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.


||1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
||1921: Gabriel Lippmann dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
 
||1923: Arthur Lee Loeb born ... scientist and crystallographer. His life's work involved the articulation of a language of spatial patterns. His language, which he described as "Visual Mathematics" and "Design Science," led to lifelong collaboration with innovators such as R. Buckminster Fuller and M.C. Escher. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=Arthur+Lee+Loeb
 
||1934: Mary E. Byrd dies ... astronomer and academic. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Mary+E.+Byrd
 
||1937: Henry Edward Armstrong dies ... chemist and academic. Although Armstrong was active in many areas of scientific research, such as the chemistry of naphthalene derivatives, he is remembered today largely for his ideas and work on the teaching of science. Pic.
 
||1941: Ivan Privalov dies ... mathematician best known for his work on analytic functions. studied analytic functions in the vicinity of singular points by means of measure theory and Lebesgue integrals. He also obtained important results on conformal mappings showing that angles were preserved on the boundary almost everywhere. In 1934 he studied subharmonic functions, building on the work of Riesz. He published the monograph Subharmonic Functions in 1937 which gave the general theory of these functions and contained many results from his papers published between 1934 and 1937. *SAU Pic search good: https://www.google.com/search?q=Ivan+Privalov&oq=Ivan+Privalov
 
File:IF-THEN-ELSE-END flowchart.svg.png|link=Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|1956: John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "[[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|Artificial intelligence]]" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.
 
||1964: Kurt Diebner dies ... nuclear physicist who is well known for directing and administrating the German nuclear energy project, a secretive program aiming to build nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany during the course of World War II. Pic.
 
||1970: Leslie Groves dies ... American general and engineer. Pic.


File:Skip Digits, Conductor.jpg|link=Skip Digits, Conductor|1972: Signed first edition of ''[[Skip Digits, Conductor]]'' sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.
File:Skip Digits, Conductor.jpg|link=Skip Digits, Conductor|1972: Signed first edition of ''[[Skip Digits, Conductor]]'' sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.
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File:Nixon April-29-1974.jpg|link=Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|1973: [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)]]: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|Watergate break-in]].
File:Nixon April-29-1974.jpg|link=Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|1973: [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)]]: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the [[Watergate scandal (nonfiction)|Watergate break-in]].


||1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
||1974: Patrick Blackett dies ... physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate ... known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948.[5] In 1925 he became the first person to prove that radioactivity could cause the nuclear transmutation of one chemical element to another. Pic.


File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "[[Crimes against mathematical constants|quasi-empirical crimes]]".
File:Hilary Putnam.jpg|link=Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter [[Hilary Putnam (nonfiction)|Hilary Putnam]] publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "[[Crimes against mathematical constants|quasi-empirical crimes]]".


||1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer (?) and author (b. 1909) There is a quotation by her on the back of the Canadian $20 bill that reads: "Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts?"
||1983: Gabrielle Roy dies ... engineer (?) and author ... There is a quotation by her on the back of the Canadian $20 bill that reads: "Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts?" Pic.
 
||2016: Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano dies ... computer scientist and academic. He was known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon–Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality. He also invented the Fano algorithm and postulated the Fano metric. Pic.


||Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano (d. 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist and academic. He was known principally for his work on information theory, inventing (with Claude Shannon) Shannon–Fano coding and deriving the Fano inequality. He also invented the Fano algorithm and postulated the Fano metric. Pic.
||2017: Norman Woodason Johnson dies ... mathematician. In 1966 he enumerated 92 convex non-uniform polyhedra with regular faces. Victor Zalgaller later proved (1969) that Johnson's list was complete; the complete set is now known as the Johnson solids. Pic.


||Norman Woodason Johnson (d. July 13, 2017) was a mathematician. In 1966 he enumerated 92 convex non-uniform polyhedra with regular faces. Victor Zalgaller later proved (1969) that Johnson's list was complete; the complete set is now known as the Johnson solids. Pic.
||2019: Spektr-RG (also called Spectrum-X-Gamma, SRG, SXG) launched ... Russian–German high-energy astrophysics space observatory.


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Latest revision as of 21:37, 6 February 2022

  • 100 BC: Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

    100 BC: Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar born. He will play a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

  • 1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer John Dee born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.

    1527: Mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer John Dee born. He will achieve high status as a scholar and play a role in Elizabethan politics.

  • 1896: Organic chemist Friedrich August Kekulé dies. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.

    1896: Organic chemist Friedrich August Kekulé dies. From the 1850s until his death, Kekulé was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure.

  • 1956: John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "Artificial intelligence" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.

    1956: John McCarthy (Dartmouth College), Marvin Minsky (MIT), Claude Shannon (Bell Labs), and Nathaniel Rochester (IBM) assemble the first coordinated research meeting on the topic of "Artificial intelligence" at Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH. USA.

  • 1972: Signed first edition of Skip Digits, Conductor sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.

    1972: Signed first edition of Skip Digits, Conductor sells for one million dollars; House Democrats say money trail leads to Richard Nixon.

  • 1973: Watergate scandal (nonfiction): Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break-in.

    1973: Watergate scandal (nonfiction): Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break-in.

  • 1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter Hilary Putnam publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "quasi-empirical crimes".

    1974: Mathematician and crime-fighter Hilary Putnam publishes his landmark paper arguing that mathematics is not purely logical, but "quasi-empirical", and that we should beware the possibility of "quasi-empirical crimes".

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