Template:Selected anniversaries/December 21: Difference between revisions

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||1237 – The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan.
||1237: The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan.


||1542 – Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632)
||1489: Thomas Müntzer, German mystic and theologian born ... a radical German preacher and theologian of the early Reformation whose opposition to both Luther and the Roman Catholic Church led to his open defiance of late-feudal authority in central Germany. Müntzer was foremost amongst those reformers who took issue with Luther’s compromises with feudal authority. He became a leader of the German peasant and plebeian uprising —commonly known as the German Peasants' War— of 1525, was captured after the battle of Frankenhausen, and was tortured and executed. Pic.


||Johann Christian Wiegleb (b. December 21, 1732) was a notable German druggist and early innovator of chemistry as a science.
||1542: Thomas Allen born ... mathematician and astrologer. Highly reputed in his lifetime, he published little, but was an active private teacher of mathematics. Pic.


||1805 – Thomas Graham, Scottish chemist and academic (d. 1869)
||1673: Joan Blaeu dies ... cartographer born in Alkmaar, the son of cartographer Willem Blaeu. Pic.


||1824 – James Parkinson, English physician and paleontologist (b. 1755)
||1732: Johann Christian Wiegleb born ... druggist and early innovator of chemistry as a science. Pic.


||1844 – The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
||1754: Louis-Bertrand Castel, vociferous opponent of Newtonian science, gave a demonstration of his ocular harpsicord, which corresponded colors with the musical tones. *VFR The ocular harpsichord had sixty small coloured glass panes, each with a curtain that opened when a key was struck. A second, improved model of the harpsichord was demonstrated for a small audience in December of 1754. Pressing a key caused a small shaft to open, in turn allowing light to shine through a piece of stained glass. Castel thought of color-music as akin to the lost language of paradise, where all men spoke alike, and he claimed that thanks to his instrument’s capacity to paint sounds, even a deaf listener could enjoy music. Pic.


||1868 – George W. Fuller, American chemist and engineer (d. 1934)
||1765: Prokop Diviš dies ... priest, scientist and inventor. In an attempt to prevent thunderstorms from occurring, he inadvertently constructed one of the first grounded lightning rods. Pic.


||1872 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
||1805: Thomas Graham born ... chemist and academic. Pic.


||1877 – Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954)
File:Joseph Fourier.jpg|link=Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|1807: Mathematician [[Joseph Fourier (nonfiction)|Joseph Fourier]] announced to the French Academy of Science that an arbitrary function could be expanded as an infinite series of sines and cosines (now known as the Fourier series).
 
||1824: James Parkinson dies ... physician and paleontologist. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=James+Parkinson
 
||1844: The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement. Pic: store.
 
||1868: George W. Fuller born ... chemist and engineer ... responsible for important innovations in water and wastewater treatment. He designed and built the first modern water filtration plant, and he designed and built the first chlorination system that disinfected a U.S. drinking water supply. In addition, he performed groundbreaking engineering work on sewage treatment facilities. Pic.
 
||1872: Challenger expedition: HMS ''Challenger'', commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
 
||1877: Jaan Sarv born ... mathematician and scholar. Pic.


File:Jan Łukasiewicz.jpg|link=Jan Łukasiewicz (nonfiction)|1878: Mathematician and philosopher [[Jan Łukasiewicz (nonfiction)|Jan Łukasiewicz]] born.  He will think innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle.
File:Jan Łukasiewicz.jpg|link=Jan Łukasiewicz (nonfiction)|1878: Mathematician and philosopher [[Jan Łukasiewicz (nonfiction)|Jan Łukasiewicz]] born.  He will think innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle.


||1889 – Sewall Wright, American geneticist and biologist (d. 1988)
||1889: Sewall Wright born ... geneticist and biologist. Pic.
||Sewall Green Wright (b. December 21, 1889) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis.


||1890 – Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
||1889: Sewall Green Wright born ... geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. Pic


||1905 – Käte Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1983)
||1890: Hermann Joseph Muller born ... geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1907 – The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.
||1905: Käte Fenchel born ... mathematician.


||Paul Albert Gordan (d. 21 December 1912) was a German mathematician. He was known as "the king of invariant theory". Pic.
||1907: The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.


||Captain Forrest R. "Tex" Biard (b. December 21, 1912) was an American linguist in the U.S. Navy codebreaking organization during the Second World War. A pre-war student of Japanese, Biard's translation work is considered to have been an important part of American military success.
||1912: Paul Albert Gordan dies ... mathematician. He was known as "the king of invariant theory". Pic.
 
||1912: Captain Forrest R. "Tex" Biard born ... linguist in the U.S. Navy codebreaking organization during the Second World War. A pre-war student of Japanese, Biard's translation work is considered to have been an important part of American military success.


File:Crossword.png|link=Crossword (nonfiction)|1913: Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first [[Crossword (nonfiction)|crossword puzzle]], is published in the ''New York World''.
File:Crossword.png|link=Crossword (nonfiction)|1913: Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first [[Crossword (nonfiction)|crossword puzzle]], is published in the ''New York World''.


||1919 – American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
||1914: Frank John Fenner born ... scientist with a distinguished career in the field of virology. His two greatest achievements are cited as overseeing the eradication of smallpox, and the control of Australia's rabbit plague through the introduction of Myxoma virus. Pic.
 
||1919: American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
 
||1919: Bernard Taub Feld born ... professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He helped develop the atomic bomb, and later led an international movement among scientists to banish nuclear weapons. Pic: https://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=126451
 
||1920: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan dies ... Somalian general, founded the Dervish state.
 
||1920: Adele Goldstine born ... computer programmer.
 
||1922: Cécile DeWitt-Morette born ... mathematician and physicist.


||Bernard Taub Feld (b. December 21, 1919) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He helped develop the atomic bomb, and later led an international movement among scientists to banish nuclear weapons.
||1929: Newton Ennis Morton born ... population geneticist and one of the founders of the field of genetic epidemiology. He work with the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Japan during 1952–1953 will inspire him to pursue a career in human genetics. Pic.


||1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Somalian general, founded the Dervish state (b. 1856)
||1933: Knud Rasmussen dies ... anthropologist and explorer. Pic.


||1920 – Adele Goldstine, American computer programmer (d. 1964)
||1937: Maurice Paul Nivat born ... computer scientist. His research spanned the areas of formal languages, programming language semantics, and discrete geometry. Pic.


||1922 – Cécile DeWitt-Morette, French mathematician and physicist (d. 2017)
||1937: Lawrence Roberts born ... engineer who received the Draper Prize in 2001 "for the development of the Internet". As a program manager and office director at the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Roberts and his team created the ARPANET (a predecessor to the modern Internet) using packet switching techniques. Pic.


||1933 – Knud Rasmussen, Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (b. 1879)
||1937: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the world's first full-length animated feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre.


||1937 – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the world's first full-length animated feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre.
||1951: Timothy May born ... technical and political writer, and was an electronic engineer and senior scientist at Intel in the company's early history. Pic: https://en.m.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/File:Tim_may.jpg#mw-jump-to-license


||1959 – Rosanjin, Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (b. 1883)
||1959: Kitaōji Rosanjin dies ... pseudonym for a noted artist and epicure during the early to mid-Shōwa period of Japan. His real name was Kitaōji Fusajirō (北大路 房次郎), but he is best known by his artistic name, Rosanjin. A man of many talents, Rosanjin was also a calligrapher, ceramicist, engraver, painter, lacquer artist and restaurateur. Pic.


||Eric Temple Bell (d. December 21, 1960) was a Scottish-born mathematician and science fiction writer who lived in the United States for most of his life. He published non-fiction using his given name and fiction as John Taine.
||1960: Eric Temple Bell dies ... mathematician and science fiction writer who lived in the United States for most of his life. He published non-fiction using his given name and fiction as John Taine. Pic.


||1967 – Louis Washkansky, the first man to undergo a heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
||1967: Louis Washkansky dies ... the first man to undergo a heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.


||1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
||1968: Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.


File:Voronoi-diagram-color-commentators.jpg|link=Fantasy Voronoi diagram|1974: [[Fantasy Voronoi diagram]] upstages [[Fantasy football (American) (nonfiction)|Fantasy Football]].
||1980: Vladimir Potapov dies ... He worked on the theory of J-contractive matrix functions, the analysis of matrix functions, and interpolation problems. mathematician. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=vladimir+potapov+mathematician


File:Chronography of 354 title and dedication.png|link=Chronography of 354 (nonfiction)|1976: [[Chronography of 354 (nonfiction)|Chronography of 354]] wins Pulitzer Prize.
||1988: A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.


File:Mandelbrot set command line depiction.png|link=Mandelbrot set (nonfiction)|1984: [[Mandelbrot set (nonfiction)|Mandelbrot set]] develops [[Artificial intelligence (nonfiction)|artificial intelligence]], discovers new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]].
||1988: The first flight of Antonov An-225 Mriya, the largest aircraft in the world.


||1988 – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.
||1990: Kelly Johnson dies ... engineer, co-founded Skunk Works. Pic.


||1988 – The first flight of Antonov An-225 Mriya, the largest aircraft in the world.
||2009: Edwin G. Krebs dies ... biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate ... together with his collaborator Edmond H. Fischer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes. Pic.


||2009 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918) Edwin Gerhard Krebs (d. December 21, 2009) was an American biochemist. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University in 1989 together with Alfred Gilman and, together with his collaborator Edmond H. Fischer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes.
||2014: Anatole Beck dies ... mathematician. Pic.


||Anatole Beck (d. 21 December 2014) was an American mathematician. Pic.
||2016: Sidney David Drell dies ... theoretical physicist and arms control expert. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Sidney+David+Drell


||Sidney David Drell (d. December 21, 2016) was an American theoretical physicist and arms control expert.


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Latest revision as of 17:28, 7 February 2022

  • 1807: Mathematician Joseph Fourier announced to the French Academy of Science that an arbitrary function could be expanded as an infinite series of sines and cosines (now known as the Fourier series).

    1807: Mathematician Joseph Fourier announced to the French Academy of Science that an arbitrary function could be expanded as an infinite series of sines and cosines (now known as the Fourier series).

  • 1878: Mathematician and philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz born. He will think innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle.

    1878: Mathematician and philosopher Jan Łukasiewicz born. He will think innovatively about traditional propositional logic, the principle of non-contradiction and the law of excluded middle.

  • 1913: Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.

    1913: Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.

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