Template:Selected anniversaries/August 23: Difference between revisions
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|File: | ||1482: Jo Gwang-jo born ... philosopher. He was framed with charges of factionalism by the power elite that opposed his reform measures and was sentenced to drink poison in the Third Literati Purge of 1519. Pic. | ||
||1540: Guillaume Budé dies ... philosopher and scholar. The work which gained him greatest reputation was his De Asse et Partibus Eius (1514), a treatise on ancient coins and measures. Pic. | |||
||1609: The telescope was demonstrated by Galileo. | |||
File:René Descartes.jpg|link=René Descartes (nonfiction)|1638: [[René Descartes (nonfiction)|René Descartes]], in a letter to [[Marin Mersenne (nonfiction)|Marin Mersenne]], proposed his folium (x-cubed + y-cubed = 2axy) as a test case to challenge [[Pierre de Fermat (nonfiction)|Pierre de Fermat]]'s differentiation techniques. To Descartes' embarrassment, Fermat's method worked. | |||
||1659: Henry Every born ... pirate. | |||
||1623: Stanisław Lubieniecki born ... astronomer, theologian, and historian. Pic. | |||
||1723: Increase Mather dies ... minister and author. Pic. | |||
||1768: Astley Paston Cooper, 1st Baronet born ... surgeon and anatomist, who made historical contributions to otology, vascular surgery, the anatomy and pathology of the mammary glands and testicles, and the pathology and surgery of hernia. Pic. | |||
||1769: Georges Cuvier born ... biologist and academic, "founding father of paleontology". Pic. | |||
||1776: Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński born ... Messianist philosopher, mathematician, physicist, inventor, lawyer, and economist. He was born Hoene to a municipal architect in 1776 but changed his name in 1815. In 1803, Wroński joined the Marseille Observatory but was forced to leave the observatory after his theories were dismissed as grandiose rubbish. In mathematics, Wroński introduced a novel series expansion for a function in response to Joseph Louis Lagrange's use of infinite series. The coefficients in Wroński's new series form the Wronskian, a determinant Thomas Muir named in 1882. Pic. | |||
||1781: Friedrich Tiedemann born ... anatomist and physiologist. Contra racism. | |||
||1783: William Tierney Clark born ... engineer, designed the Hammersmith Bridge. | |||
||1783: Filling of the first hydrogen balloon began, with the gas produced by the action of sulphuric acid on iron. Following the success of the Montgolfier brother's hot air balloon ascent on 5 Jun 1783, a 13-ft (4-m) diameter balloon was built by two brothers named Robert, under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences. Its construction was supervised by physicist Jacques A.C. Charles, who had suggested the use of hydrogen rather than hot air. The process of filling the balloon took place over several days, beginning at the Place des Victoires, Paris. Because of the crowds, it was moved on the night of 26 Aug to the Champ de Mars, where it was eventually released, on 27 Aug 1783. | |||
||1797: Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant born ... mechanician and mathematician who contributed to early stress analysis and also developed the unsteady open channel flow shallow water equations, also known as the Saint-Venant equations that are a fundamental set of equations used in modern hydraulic engineering. Pic. | |||
||1806: Charles-Augustin de Coulomb dies ... physicist and engineer. Pic. | |||
||1811: Auguste Bravais born ... physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Pic. | |||
File:Moritz Benedikt Cantor.jpg|link=Moritz Cantor (nonfiction)|1829: Mathematician and historian [[Moritz Cantor (nonfiction)|Moritz Cantor]] born. He will write ''Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik'', which traces the history of mathematics up to 1799. | |||
||1831: Nat Turner's slave rebellion is suppressed. | |||
||1839: The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for war with Qing China. The ensuing 3-year conflict will later be known as the First Opium War. | |||
||1842: Osborne Reynolds born ... innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. Pic. | |||
||1847: Sarah Frances Whiting born ... physicist and astronomer. Pic. | |||
||1869: Robert William Theodore Gunther born ... historian of science, zoologist, and founder of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford. Pic search. | |||
||1875: William Eccles born ... physicist and engineer. Pic: https://www.computerhope.com/people/william_eccles.htm | |||
||1885: Henry Thomas Tizard ... chemist, inventor and Rector of Imperial College, who developed the modern "octane rating" used to classify petrol, helped develop radar in World War II, and led the first serious studies of UFOs. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_23.htm | |||
||1888: Philip Henry Gosse born ... naturalist and science writer who wrote books illustrating such topics as Jamaican wildlife and marine zoology. Stephen Jay Gould called Gosse the “ David Attenborough of his day.” However, he did not accept the theory of evolution, and in his best-known book, Omphalos, he attempted to apply biblical literalism in a way still consistent with uniformitarianism. His premise in the book was criticized by both sides of the debate. He invented the institutional aquarium when on 21 May 1853, he opened the Aquatic Vivarium, the world's first public aquarium in Regent's Park, London. Pic. | |||
||1893: Joseph Fels Ritt born ... mathematician. Pic: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Ritt.html | |||
||1899: The first ship-to-shore wireless message to be received in the U.S was: "Sherman is sighted." U.S. Lightship No. 70, San Francisco, announced the arrival of the U.S. Army troopship Sherman to the crowd assembled at the Cliff House. Reporters there from the San Francisco Call, who relayed this information to a city awaiting the return of its hometown regiment from the battlefields of the Spanish-American War. The lightship, miles out at sea in deep fog, relayed this message via wireless telegraphy (later known as radio) through the fog to the Cliff House. This was the first 19th-century working use of wireless telegraphy outside of England. The method was still primitive, using sparks to emit intermittent radio waves and code messages. | |||
||1904: The automobile tire chain is patented. | |||
||1919: Augustus George Vernon Harcourt dies ... chemist, pioneer of quantitative methodology in the field of chemical kinetics. Pic. | |||
||1919: Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin born ... mathematician and theorist. Pic. | |||
||1919: Dirk Polder born ... physicist who, together with Hendrik Casimir, first predicted the existence of what today is known as the Casimir-Polder force, sometimes also referred to as the Casimir effect or Casimir force. | |||
||1921: Conrad Lee Longmire born ... theoretical physicist who was best known as the discoverer of the mechanism behind high-altitude electromagnetic pulse. Pic. | |||
||1921: British airship R-38 experiences structural failure over Hull in England and crashes in the Humber estuary. Of her 49 British and American training crew, only four survive. | |||
||1923: Edgar F. Codd born ... computer scientist and programmer. | |||
||1923: Captain Lowell Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter performed the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours. | |||
||1923: Hertha Ayrton dies ... engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor. Ayrton was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society for her work on electric arcs and ripples in sand and water. Pic. | |||
||1924: Viktor Kaplan dies ... engineer and the inventor of the Kaplan turbine. Pic. | |||
||1925: Kenichi Honda born ... chemist. He made a significant contribution to the discovery and characterization of photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) Pic. | |||
||1926: Clifford James Geertz born ... an American anthropologist who is remembered mostly for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology, and who was considered "for three decades...the single most influential cultural anthropologist in the United States." Pic. | |||
||1927: Nicola Sacco executed ... anarchist. Pic. | |||
||1947: Roy Chadwick dies ... aeronautical engineer, who during WW I, designed the Avro 504 trainer. His other designs include the Baby (a truly light aircraft), Avian, and the Anson (used for RAF coastal reconnaissance). In WW II, he developed the Manchester and the famous Lancaster heavy bombers. Later, he worked jet-propelled planes, the Tudor and Ashton. He died in a test flight crash of the Tudor II prototype (control reversal), near Woodford airfield, Manchester. Pic. | |||
||1948: Kostas Georgakis born ... Greek student of geology, who, in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa as a protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos. Pic. | |||
||1953: RDS-4 (also known as Tatyana) was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site, on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately 1200 kg (2646 lb). The device was approximately one-third the size of the RDS-3. The bomb was dropped from an IL-28 aircraft at an altitude of 11 km and exploded at 600 m, with a yield of 28 kt. | |||
||1954: Jaan Sarv dies ... mathematician and scholar. Pic. | |||
||1956: Mathematician Andreas Floer. He will make seminal contributions to the areas of geometry, topology, and mathematical physics, in particular the invention of Floer homology. Pic. | |||
File:First view of Earth from Moon.jpg|link=Lunar Orbiter 1 (nonfiction)|1966: [[Lunar Orbiter 1 (nonfiction)|Lunar Orbiter 1]] takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon. | File:First view of Earth from Moon.jpg|link=Lunar Orbiter 1 (nonfiction)|1966: [[Lunar Orbiter 1 (nonfiction)|Lunar Orbiter 1]] takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon. | ||
||1973: A bank robbery gone wrong in Stockholm, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis; over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathize with their captors, leading to the term "Stockholm syndrome". | |||
||1973: Hellmuth Kneser dies ... mathematician, who made notable contributions to group theory and topology. His most famous result may be his theorem on the existence of a prime decomposition for 3-manifolds. His proof originated the concept of normal surface, a fundamental cornerstone of the theory of 3-manifolds. Pic. | |||
||1977: Bryan Allen won the Kremer Prize for the first human-powered flight as he pedalled the Gossamer Condor for at least a mile at Schafter, California. | |||
||1982: Stanford Moore dies ... biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1986: Warren Perry Mason dies ... electrical engineer and physicist working at Bell Labs. He founded the field of distributed element circuits; was the first to experimentally show viscoelasticity in individual molecules; found experimental evidence of electron-phonon coupling in solids; and made measurements that aided the theories of phonon drag and superconductivity. Pic. | |||
||1988: Hans Lewy dies ... mathematician, known for his work on partial differential equations and on the theory of functions of several complex variables. Pic. | |||
||1989: R. D. Laing dies ... psychiatrist who was noted for his alternative approach to the treatment of schizophrenia. His first book, The Divided Self, was an attempt to explain schizophrenia by using existentialist philosophy to vividly portray the inner world of a schizophrenic, which Laing presented as an attempt to live in an unlivable situation. His work tends to be dismissed by most psychiatrists; however, droves of mentally ill people insist that this was a man who truly understood how they felt. Laing always insisted that psychotherapists should act as shamans, exorcising the illness through a process of mutual catharsis. Since Laing refused to view mental illness in biomedical/clinical terms, he has often been labelled as part of the so-called 'antipsychiatry' movement. Pic. | |||
|File:AESOP.jpg|link=AESOP|[[AESOP]] said to be cause of prophetic dreams among the [[Mir (nonfiction)|Mir]] astronauts. | |File:AESOP.jpg|link=AESOP|[[AESOP]] said to be cause of prophetic dreams among the [[Mir (nonfiction)|Mir]] astronauts. | ||
||1991: Florence B. Seibert dies ... scientist who developed the protein substance used for the tuberculosis skin test, and contributed to safety measures for intravenous drug therapy. In the early 1920s, she discovered that the sudden fevers that sometimes occurred during intravenous injections were caused by bacteria in the distilled water used to make the protein solutions. She invented a distillation apparatus designed to prevent such contamination. In 1941, her improved TB skin test became the standard test in the U.S. and a year later was adopted by the World Health Organization. It is still in use today. Her later research involved the study of bacteria associated with certain cancers. Pic. | |||
||1991: The World Wide Web is opened to the public. | |||
File:Myoglobin John Kendrew.jpg|link=John Kendrew (nonfiction)|1999: Biochemist and crystallographer [[John Kendrew (nonfiction)|John Kendrew]] dies. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Max Perutz for determining the atomic structures of proteins using X-ray crystallography. | File:Myoglobin John Kendrew.jpg|link=John Kendrew (nonfiction)|1999: Biochemist and crystallographer [[John Kendrew (nonfiction)|John Kendrew]] dies. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Max Perutz for determining the atomic structures of proteins using X-ray crystallography. | ||
||1999: Charles Davis Hollister dies ... marine geologist whose pioneering studies of the deep-sea floor revealed not tranquil depths but that strong currents and storms occur there. He started the development of the giant piston coring system and in the 1970's, documented the longest continuous record of ocean basin history in a single 100-ft core sample that contained a continuous 65 million-year-long record of ocean-basin history. He also made significant discoveries concerning ocean sediment transport and directed the High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment (HEBBLE). Also, he initiated the sub-seabed concept and led the international team that studied the scientific feasibility of isolating high-level radioactive material into sediments below the sea floor. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_23.htm | |||
||2002: Stafford Beer dies ... theorist, consultant and professor at the Manchester Business School. He is best known for his work in the fields of operational research and management cybernetics. Pic search. | |||
||2004: Leopold Karl Schmetterer dies ... mathematician working on analysis, probability, and statistics. Pic. | |||
||2008: Thomas H. Weller dies ... physician, microbiologist and virologist who was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1954 (which shared with John Enders and Frederick Robbins) for the successful cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. This made it possible to study the virus “in the test tube,” a procedure that led to the development of polio vaccines. Pic. | |||
||2012: James Burton Serrin dies ... mathematician, and a professor at the University of Minnesota. Pic search. | |||
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Latest revision as of 12:16, 7 February 2022
1638: René Descartes, in a letter to Marin Mersenne, proposed his folium (x-cubed + y-cubed = 2axy) as a test case to challenge Pierre de Fermat's differentiation techniques. To Descartes' embarrassment, Fermat's method worked.
1829: Mathematician and historian Moritz Cantor born. He will write Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik, which traces the history of mathematics up to 1799.
1966: Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.
1999: Biochemist and crystallographer John Kendrew dies. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry with Max Perutz for determining the atomic structures of proteins using X-ray crystallography.