Template:Selected anniversaries/August 22: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (37 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<gallery | <gallery> | ||
||1572: Rudolph Goclenius the Younger born ... physician and professor of physics, medicine and mathematics at the Philipps University of Marburg. He was the oldest son of Rudolph Goclenius, who was also professor of rhetoric, logic and ethics at Marburg. As a physician he worked on cures against the plague. He became famous for his miraculous cure with the "weapon salve" or Powder of Sympathy. Based on the hermetic concepts of Paracelsus he published 1608 the proposition of a "magnetic" cure to heal wounds: the application of the salve on the weapon should heal the wounds afflicted by the weapon. This concept was brought to England by the alchemist Robert Fludd. A famous proponent was Sir Kenelm Digby. Synchronising the effects of the powder (which apparently caused a noticeable effect on the patient when applied) was actually suggested in the leaflet Curious Enquiries in 1687 as a means of solving the longitude problem. Pic. | |||
File:Denis Papin.jpg|link=Denis Papin (nonfiction)|1647: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor [[Denis Papin (nonfiction)|Denis Papin]] born. Papin will invent the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and the steam engine. | |||
||1664: Maria Cunitz dies ... astronomer, and one of the most notable female astronomers of the modern era. She authored a book ''Urania propitia'', in which she provided new tables, new ephemera, and a more elegant solution to Kepler's problem. Pic. | |||
||1751: Andrew Gordon dies ... Benedictine monk, physicist and inventor. He made the first electric motor. Pic: https://www.beatson.co.uk/history-electric-motors/ | |||
||1752: William Whiston dies ... mathematician, historian, and theologian. Pic. | |||
||1771: Henry Maudslay born ... engineer. Pic. | |||
||1787: Inventor John Fitch demonstrated his steamboat on the Delaware River to delegates of the Continental Congress. Its top speed was 3 mph. These tests were completed years before Fulton built his steamboat. Early in 1787, the Colombian Magazine described the steam engine design as “similar to the late improved steam engines in Europe,” with a horizontal twelve-inch cylinder. The piston was proposed to give “thirty strokes in a minute; which will give the axle tree about forty revolutions. Each revolution of the axle tree moves twelve oars five and a half feet. As six oars come out of the water, six more enter the water... The oars work perpendicularly and make a stroke similar to the paddle of a canoe.” | |||
||1796: Baden Powell born ... mathematician and Church of England priest. He held the Savilian Chair of Geometry at the University of Oxford from 1827 to 1860. Powell was a prominent liberal theologian who put forward advanced ideas about evolution. Pic. | |||
||1828: Franz Joseph Gall dies ... neuroanatomist and physiologist. Pic. | |||
||1834: Samuel Pierpont Langley born ... physicist and astronomer. | |||
||1835: Leopoldo Nobili dies ... physicist who invented a number of instruments critical to investigating thermodynamics and electrochemistry. Pic. | |||
||1849: The first air raid in history. Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of Venice. | |||
File:Jan Kochanowski.png|link=Jan Kochanowski (nonfiction)|1854: [[Jan Kochanowski (nonfiction)|Poet Jan Kochanowski]] dies. He established poetic patterns which would become integral to the Polish literary language. | File:Jan Kochanowski.png|link=Jan Kochanowski (nonfiction)|1854: [[Jan Kochanowski (nonfiction)|Poet Jan Kochanowski]] dies. He established poetic patterns which would become integral to the Polish literary language. | ||
||1860: Paul Gottlieb Nipkow born ... engineer who discovered television's scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. Nipkow's invented (1884) a rotating disk (Nipkow disk) with one or more spirals of apertures that passed successively across the picture to make a mechanically scanned television system. Pic. | |||
||1860: Alfred Ploetz born ... physician, biologist, and eugenicist. | |||
||1866: George Shillibeer dies ... pioneer of omnibuses. Having founded a coach-building enterprise in Paris (1825), he expanded to include buses. On 4 Jul 1829, he commenced the first regular bus service from London to Paddington, carrying up to 20 passengers and in a coach drawn by three horses. Shillibeer adopted the word omnibus. He boasted it offered a safer and more comfortable ride than ordinary stagecoaches, since all passengers would ride inside. He was followed by imitators then more competition from the discovery that a trolley running on tracks could pull twice the payload. Although Shillibeer had revolutionized London's transport, he went bankrupt and spent time in debtors' prison. He eventually converted his omnibuses into "Shillibeer's Funeral Coaches". Pic. | |||
||1867: Charles Francis Jenkins born ... pioneer of early cinema and one of the inventors of television, though he used mechanical rather than electronic technologies. His businesses included Charles Jenkins Laboratories and Jenkins Television Corporation (the corporation being founded in 1928, the year the Laboratories were granted the first commercial television license in the United States). Over 400 patents were issued to Jenkins, many for his inventions related to motion pictures and television. Jenkins was born in Dayton, Ohio, grew up near Richmond, Indiana, where he went to school, and went to Washington, D.C. in 1890, where he worked as a stenographer. Pic. | |||
||1873: Alexander Bogdanov born ... physician and philosopher. Pic. | |||
||1985: Paul Peter Ewald dies ... physicist and crystallographer whose theory of X-ray interference by crystals was the first detailed, rigorous theoretical explanation of the diffraction effects first observed in 1912 by his fellow physicist Max von Laue. Pic search. | |||
||1907: Abraham Sinkov born ... cryptanalyst. Pic. | |||
||1913: Bruno Pontecorvo born ... physicist and academic. Pic. | |||
||1915: James Hillier born ... scientist, co-designed the electron microscope. Pic. | |||
||1918: Korbinian Brodmann dies ... neurologist and academic. | |||
File:Ray Bradbury 1959.jpg|link=Ray Bradbury (nonfiction)|1920: Science fiction writer and screenwriter [[Ray Bradbury (nonfiction)|Ray Bradbury]] born. ''The New York Times'' will call Bradbury "the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream". | |||
||1920: Surgeon Denton Arthur Cooley born. Cooley will perform the first implantation of a total artificial heart. Pic. | |||
||1921: Bernard d'Espagnat born ... theoretical physicist, philosopher of science, and author, best known for his work on the nature of reality. Pic search. | |||
||1923: Hidehiko Yamabe born ... mathematician. Famous for discovering that every conformal class on a smooth compact manifold is represented by a Riemannian metric of constant scalar curvature. Pic search. | |||
||1926: Charles William Eliot dies ... mathematician and academic. Selected as Harvard's president in 1869, Eliot transformed the provincial college into the pre-eminent American research university. Pic. | |||
||1927: Heinrich-Wolfgang Leopoldt born ... mathematician, who worked on algebraic number theory ... Leopoldt's conjecture Pic. | |||
||1932: The first experimental television program broadcast from the BBC, London. | |||
||1933: Alexandros Kontoulis dies ... Greek general and diplomat. | |||
||1939: The first U.S. patent for dispensing liquids under pressure from a disposable container was issued to Julius Seth Kahn of New York City (No. 2,170,531). The patent was titled "Apparatus For Mixing a Liquid With a Gas," but was the predecessor of the aerosol spray can. In this case, the patent more particularly specified a use for whipping cream "by discharging the cream and gas mixture through a constricted orifice." The cream could be contained in a common soda-pop glass bottle. Gas could be introduced at controlled pressure. An inexpensive valve discharged the whipped cream. Its use was extended to applications such as dispensing paints, pharmaceuticals and insecticides. | |||
||1940: Oliver Lodge dies ... physicist and academic. Pic. | |||
||1941: Plasma physicist and academic Hannspeter Winter born. He will research hollow atoms. Pic search. | |||
||1945: Ida Henrietta Hyde dies ... physiologist known for developing a micro-electrode powerful enough to stimulate tissue chemically or electronically, yet small enough to inject or remove tissue from a cell. Pic. | |||
||1950: The pile achieved criticality in the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor (BGRR), the world's first nuclear reactor dedicated to the peaceful applications of atomic energy. It was patterned after a successful reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The improved reactor design of the BGRR added facilities to accommodate research in medicine, biology, chemistry, physics and nuclear engineering. The reactor pile consisted of a 700-ton, 25-foot cube of graphite fueled by uranium, enclosed in a steel-lined, high-density, five-foot-thick concrete shield. A total of 1,369 fuel channels were available with roughly half in use at any given time. Reactor power was controlled by insertion and removal of boron steel control rods. | |||
||1953: The penal colony on Devil's Island is permanently closed. | |||
||1962: The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle. | |||
||1962: The ''Savannah'', the world's first nuclear-powered ship, completed her maiden voyage from Yorktown, Va., to Savannah, Ga. | |||
||1963: X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program (107.96 km (67.08 mi) (354,200 feet)) ... the X-15 rocket plane achieved a world record altitude of 354,200 feet (107,960 m, 67 miles) with U.S. Air Force pilot Joseph A. Walker, flight 91 of the series of test flights. Its internal structure of titanium was covered with a skin of Inconel X, a chrome-nickel alloy. To save fuel, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at about 45,000 ft. Test flights between 8 Jun 1959 and 24 Oct 1968 provided data on hypersonic air flow, aerodynamic heating, control and stability at hypersonic speeds and piloting techniques for reentry used in the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo spaceflight programs. | |||
||1967: Gregory Goodwin Pincus dies ... biologist and academic, co-created the birth-control pill. | |||
File:Jacob Bronowski.jpg|link=Jacob Bronowski (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician, historian of science, theatre author, poet, and inventor [[Jacob Bronowski (nonfiction)|Jacob Bronowski]] dies. | File:Jacob Bronowski.jpg|link=Jacob Bronowski (nonfiction)|1974: Mathematician, historian of science, theatre author, poet, and inventor [[Jacob Bronowski (nonfiction)|Jacob Bronowski]] dies. | ||
||1975: Andrzej Mostowski dies ... mathematician. He is perhaps best remembered for the Mostowski collapse lemma. Pic (math). | |||
||1977: Karl Walter Schröter dies ... mathematician and logician. Later on, after the war, he made important contributions concerning semantic consequences (German: semantische Folgerungsrelationen) and provability logic (German: syntaktische Ableitbarkeitsrelationen). He worked as a mathematical theoretician and cryptanalyst for the civilian Pers Z S, the cipher bureau of the Foreign Officeduring World War II. Pic. | |||
||1989: The first complete ring around Neptune was discovered in photographs transmitted by Voyager 2 to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the U.S. Dusty debris was seen to form a tenuous but complete ring about 17,000 miles above Neptune's clouds. The material in the ring appeared be distributed uniformly through the dark circle, though whether fine or large particles was undetermined. The ring lies just outside the orbit of one of the planet's small moons, designated then as 1989 N3, also newly discovered by Voyager 2. Only arcs - fragments of rings around Neptune, had previously viewed from Earth-based observations, which were also shown as arcs in photographs taken by Voyager 2 eleven days earlier. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_22.htm | |||
||2004: Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway. | |||
||2017: Timothy "Tim" Poston dies ... mathematician best known for his work on catastrophe theory. Pic. | |||
||2017: Michael John Caldwell Gordon dies ... British computer scientist. He led the development of the HOL theorem prover, an environment for interactive theorem proving in a higher-order logic. Pic. | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:15, 7 February 2022
1647: Physicist, mathematician, and inventor Denis Papin born. Papin will invent the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and the steam engine.
1854: Poet Jan Kochanowski dies. He established poetic patterns which would become integral to the Polish literary language.
1920: Science fiction writer and screenwriter Ray Bradbury born. The New York Times will call Bradbury "the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream".
1974: Mathematician, historian of science, theatre author, poet, and inventor Jacob Bronowski dies.