Template:Selected anniversaries/December 8: Difference between revisions
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File: | ||1128: "In the third year of Lothar, emperor of the Romans, in the twenty-eighth year of King Henry of the English…on Saturday, 8 December, there appeared from the morning right up to the evening two black spheres against the sun." This description of sunspots, and the earliest known drawing of sunspots, appears in John of Worcester’s Chronicle recorded in 1128. On the night of 13 December 1128, astronomers in Songdo, Korea, witnessed a red vapour that "soared and filled the sky" from the northwest to the southwest. A delay of five days is the average delay between the occurrence of a large sunspot group near the center of the Sun – exactly as witnessed by John of Worcester – and the appearance of the aurora borealis in the night sky at relatively low latitudes *Joe Hanson, itsokaytobesmart.com | ||
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||1632: Philippe van Lansberge dies ... astronomer and mathematician. Pic. | |||
||1632: Albert Girard dies ... mathematician. He "had early thoughts on the fundamental theorem of algebra" and gave the inductive definition for the Fibonacci numbers. He was the first to use the abbreviations 'sin', 'cos' and 'tan' for the trigonometric functions in a treatise. No DOB. Pic: book cover: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Girard | |||
||1730: Jan Ingenhousz born ... physiologist, biologist and chemist. He is best known for discovering photosynthesis by showing that light is essential to the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. He also discovered that plants, like animals, have cellular respiration. Pic. | |||
||1765: Eli Whitney born ... engineer and theorist, invented the cotton gin. Pic. | |||
||1795: Peter Andreas Hansen born ... astronomer and mathematician born. Pic. | |||
||1807: Friedrich Traugott Kützing born ... pharmacist, botanist and phycologist ... diatoms v. desmids. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=Friedrich+Traugott+Kützing | |||
||1818: Johan Gottlieb Gahn born ... chemist and metallurgist who discovered manganese in 1774. Pic. | |||
||1837: Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron born ... pioneer of color photography. He worked on developing practical processes for color photography on the three-color principle, using both additive and subtractive methods; and introduced the anaglyph stereoscopic print, the "red and blue glasses" type of 3-D print. Pic. | |||
File:Charles-Émile Reynaud.jpg|link=Charles-Émile Reynaud (nonfiction)|1844: Scientist, inventor, and educator [[Charles-Émile Reynaud (nonfiction)|Charles-Émile Reynaud]] born. He will invent the Praxinoscope (an improved zoetrope) and be responsible for the first projected animated films. | |||
File:George Boole.jpg|link=George Boole (nonfiction)|1864: Mathematician and philosopher [[George Boole (nonfiction)|George Boole]] dies. He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, developing Boolean algebra and Boolean logic. | |||
File:Jacques Hadamard.jpg|link=Jacques Hadamard (nonfiction)|1865: Mathematician [[Jacques Hadamard (nonfiction)|Jacques Hadamard]] born. He will make major contributions in number theory, complex function theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations. | |||
||1886: Isaac Lea dies ... conchologist, geologist, and publisher. Pic. | |||
||1894: Pafnuty Chebyshev dies ... mathematician and theorist. Pic. | |||
File:Pafnuty Chebyshev.jpg|link=Pafnuty Chebyshev (nonfiction)|1894: Mathematician and statistician [[Pafnuty Chebyshev (nonfiction)|Pafnuty Chebyshev]] dies. He proved Chebyshev's inequality (also called the Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality), which guarantees that, for a wide class of probability distributions, no more than a certain fraction of values can be more than a certain distance from the mean. | |||
||1894: E. C. Segar born ... cartoonist, created Popeye. Pic. | |||
||1894: James Thurber born ... humorist and cartoonist. Pic. | |||
||1903: Herbert Spencer dies ... biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and philosopher. Pic. | |||
||1913: Delmore Schwartz born ... poet and short story writer. Pic. | |||
||1917: Arthur Matthew Weld Downing born ... astronomer. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Arthur+Matthew+Weld+Downing | |||
||1919: Julia Robinson born ... mathematician and theorist. Pic. | |||
||1919: Kateryna Yushchenko born ... computer scientist and academic. Pic. | |||
||1925: Arnaldo Forlani born ... Italian politician, P2 scandal ... who served as the 43rd Prime Minister of Italy from 18 October 1980 to 28 June 1981. He also held the office of Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defense. Alive Dec. 2019. Pic. | |||
File:Carnivorous_airships_circa_1930-31.jpg|link=Carnivorous dirigible|1932: US Navy accidentally releases a flock of [[Carnivorous dirigible|Carnivorous dirigibles]], which will form the nucleus of a feral squadron. | |||
||1937: Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky killed ... theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor, polymath and neomartyr. Pic. | |||
||1938: Jon Hal Folkman born ... mathematician, a student of John Milnor, and a researcher at the RAND Corporation. Pic: diagram. | |||
||1941: World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares December 7 to be "a date which will live in infamy", after which the U.S. declares war on Japan. | |||
||1953: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his "Atoms for Peace" speech, which leads to an American program to supply equipment and information on nuclear power to schools, hospitals, and research institutions around the world. | |||
File:Hermann Weyl.jpg|link=Hermann Weyl (nonfiction)|1955: Mathematician, physicist, and philosopher [[Hermann Weyl (nonfiction)|Hermann Weyl]] dies. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century: his research has major significance for theoretical physics as well as purely mathematical disciplines including number theory. | |||
||1960: Aaron Allston born ... game designer and author. Pic. | |||
||1961: Francesco Severi dies ... mathematician. Pic. | |||
||1969: Philip S. Van Cise dies ... U.S. Army colonel, crimebusting district attorney, and private practice lawyer in Denver, Colorado. He is best known for arresting and prosecuting the notorious "Million-Dollar Bunco Ring" headed by Lou Blonger, a story he recounted in his book ''Fighting the Underworld''. No pic online. | |||
||1970: Christopher Kelk Ingold dies ... chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concepts such as nucleophile, electrophile, inductive and resonance effects, and such descriptors as SN1, SN2, E1, and E2. Pic. | |||
||1971: The Hoe Avenue Peace Meeting was an important gathering of New York City gangs on December 8, 1971, in the Bronx. It was called to propose a general truce and an unprecedented inter-gang alliance. The impetus for the meeting was the murder of "Black Benjie", a peace keeper of the Ghetto Brothers. While no lasting peace was ever established, a subsequent negotiation established a procedure for dealing with conflicts to avoid street warfare. The meeting is notable as one of the first attempts by street organizations to broker a truce between groups of different ethnic backgrounds. | |||
||1973: Griffith Conrad Evans dies ... mathematician working for much of his career at the University of California, Berkeley. He is largely credited with elevating Berkeley's mathematics department to a top-tier research department, having recruited many notable mathematicians in the 1930s and 1940s. | |||
||1980: Former Beatle John Lennon is murdered in front of The Dakota in New York City. | |||
||1983: Burton Wadsworth Jones dies ... mathematician ... known for his work on quadratic forms. Pic: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8729240/burton-wadsworth-jones | |||
||1984: Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey dies ... mechanics scientist, aviation and missile engineer. He invented the very first Soviet pulse jet engine and was responsible for the development of the world's first anti-ship cruise missiles and ICBM complexes. | |||
||1991: The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States. | |||
File:Betty Holberton.jpg|link=Betty Holberton (nonfiction)|2001: Pioneering computer scientist and programmer [[Betty Holberton (nonfiction)|Betty Holberton]] dies. She was one of the six original programmers of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, and was the inventor of breakpoints in computer debugging. | |||
||2010: With the second launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 and the first launch of the SpaceX Dragon, SpaceX becomes the first private company to successfully launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft. | |||
||2010: The Japanese solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS passes the planet Venus at a distance of about 80,800 km. | |||
||2004: Gravity Probe B (GP-B) decommissioned ... a satellite-based mission which launched on 20 April 2004 on a Delta II rocket. The spaceflight phase lasted until 2005; its aim was to measure spacetime curvature near Earth, and thereby the stress–energy tensor (which is related to the distribution and the motion of matter in space) in and near Earth. This provided a test of general relativity, gravitomagnetism and related models. Pic. | |||
||2013: John Cornforth dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||2016: Mathematician and academic Mark Pinsky dies ... probability theory, mathematical analysis, Fourier Analysis and wavelets. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=mark+pinsky+mathematician | |||
|File:Weyl semimetal diagram.png|link=Weyl semimetal (nonfiction)|2017: First use of [[Weyl semimetal (nonfiction)|Weyl semimetal crystals]] to detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]]. | |||
|File:The_Eel.jpg|link=The Eel|2018: Mathematician, art critic, and alleged time-traveller [[The Eel]] escapes from the [[Nacreum]], spending less than a day in the top-security transdimensional prison. | |||
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Latest revision as of 17:06, 7 February 2022
1844: Scientist, inventor, and educator Charles-Émile Reynaud born. He will invent the Praxinoscope (an improved zoetrope) and be responsible for the first projected animated films.
1864: Mathematician and philosopher George Boole dies. He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, developing Boolean algebra and Boolean logic.
1865: Mathematician Jacques Hadamard born. He will make major contributions in number theory, complex function theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations.
1894: Mathematician and statistician Pafnuty Chebyshev dies. He proved Chebyshev's inequality (also called the Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality), which guarantees that, for a wide class of probability distributions, no more than a certain fraction of values can be more than a certain distance from the mean.
1932: US Navy accidentally releases a flock of Carnivorous dirigibles, which will form the nucleus of a feral squadron.
1955: Mathematician, physicist, and philosopher Hermann Weyl dies. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century: his research has major significance for theoretical physics as well as purely mathematical disciplines including number theory.
2001: Pioneering computer scientist and programmer Betty Holberton dies. She was one of the six original programmers of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, and was the inventor of breakpoints in computer debugging.