Template:Selected anniversaries/August 29: Difference between revisions
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||1533 | ||1533: Atahualpa dies ... Inca emperor. | ||
||1632 | ||1632: John Locke born ... physician and philosopher. | ||
||1712 | ||1712: Gregory King dies ... genealogist, engraver, and statistician. | ||
||1749 | ||1749: Matthias Bel dies ... pastor and polymath. | ||
||1756 | ||1749: Gilbert Blane born ... physician who, when head of the Navy Medical Board, required (1795) a diet including lemon juice on navy vessels, which virtually eliminated scurvy and its significant lost manpower due to sickness of sailors. The value of citrus juice had been established by James Lind, with his Treatice on Scurvy (1754). Blane also improved sanitary conditions in the Navy by providing supplies of soap and medicines, and was involved with designing rules that were precursors to modern quarantine conditions. He required every surgeon in the service to make regular returns or journals of the state of health and disease onboard their ship. In 1829, he established a prize medal as an incentive for the surgeon producing the best journal. Pic. | ||
||1756: Jan Śniadecki born ... mathematician and astronomer. Śniadecki will make his observations on recently discovered planetoids. His O rachunku losów (On the Calculation of Chance, 1817) was a work in probability. Pic. | |||
File:Ingres self-portrait.jpg|link=Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (nonfiction)|1780: Artist [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (nonfiction)|Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]] born. He will assume the role of a guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style represented by his nemesis, Eugène Delacroix. | File:Ingres self-portrait.jpg|link=Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (nonfiction)|1780: Artist [[Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (nonfiction)|Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres]] born. He will assume the role of a guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style represented by his nemesis, Eugène Delacroix. | ||
|| | ||1782: HMS ''Royal George'' was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Woolwich Dockyard and launched on 18 February 1756. The largest warship in the world at the time of launching, she saw service during the Seven Years' War including being Admiral Sir Edward Hawke's flagship at the Battle of Quiberon Bay and later taking part in the Battle of Cape St Vincent. She sank undergoing routine maintenance work whilst anchored off Portsmouth on 29 August 1782 with the loss of more than 800 lives, one of the most serious maritime losses to occur in British waters. Pic. | ||
||1831 | |||
||1809: Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. born ... physician and writer was best-known as an essayist-poet, but in medicine was famous for his 1843 article 'The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever,' concerning the high mortality of women giving birth in hospitals. He asserted that the infection was carried from patient to patient by physicians and nurses. Because that defied the conventional wisdom, he received abuse from the obstetricians of the time. (A few years later, Ignaz Semmelweiss demonstrated the importance of hand-washing and hygiene. Before them, John Burton in 1751, and Charles White in 1773 had suspected the role of medical attendants.) Holmes coined the term “anesthesia,” from Greek words meaning “no feeling”. He was the father of the Supreme Court judge of the same name. Born. | |||
||1816: Johann Hieronymus Schröter dies ... astronomer. Pic. | |||
||1831: Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction, leading to the formation of his law of induction ... Faraday wound a thick iron ring on one side with insulated wire that was connected to a battery. He then wound the opposite side with wire connected to a galvanometer. He found that upon closing the battery circuit, there was a deflection of the galvanometer in the second circuit. Then he was astonished to see the galvanometer needle jump in the opposite direction when the battery circuit was opened. He had discovered that a current was induced in the secondary when a current in the primary was connected and an induced current in the opposite direction when the primary current was disconnected. | |||
|link=Charles Darwin (nonfiction)|1831: [[Charles Darwin (nonfiction)|Charles Darwin]] returned home from a geology field trip in North Wales to find letters from Revd. John Henslow and George Peacock informing him that he will soon be invited on a scientific voyage of HMS Beagle. | |||
||1842: The design patent, a new form of patent was authorized by Act of Congress. The first U.S. design patent was issued for typefaces and borders to George Bruce of New York City on 9 Nov 1842. | |||
||1862: Francesco Carlini dies ... astronomer. During this trip in 1821 he took pendulum measurements on top of Mount Cenis, Italy, from which he calculated one of the first estimates of the density and mass of the Earth. Pic search. | |||
File:Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley.jpg|link=H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|1863: Confederate submarine ''[[H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|H. L. Hunley]]'' sinks during a test run, killing five members of her crew. | File:Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley.jpg|link=H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|1863: Confederate submarine ''[[H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|H. L. Hunley]]'' sinks during a test run, killing five members of her crew. | ||
||William Francis Gray Swann ( | ||1868: Christian Friedrich Schönbein dies ... chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell (1838) at the same time as William Robert Grove and his discoveries of guncotton and ozone. Pic. | ||
||1873: Hermann Hankel dies ... mathematician. His 1867 exposition on complex numbers and quaternions is particularly memorable. Pic. | |||
||1884: William Francis Gray Swann born ... physicist. Pic search. | |||
||1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first internal combustion motorcycle, the Reitwagen. | |||
||1889: Stanisław Ruziewicz born ... mathematician and one of the founders of the Lwów School of Mathematics. The Ruziewicz problem, asking whether the Lebesgue measure on the sphere may be characterized by certain of its properties, is named after Ruziewicz. Pic. | |||
||1913: Physicist Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels dies. He discovered that a steady electric field applied to certain birefringent materials causes the refractive index to vary, approximately in proportion to the strength of the field. This phenomenon is now called the Pockels effect. Pic search. | |||
||1914: Bernard Vonnegut born ... atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. He was the older brother of American novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Pic: http://www.atmos.albany.edu/daes/bvonn/bvonnegut.html | |||
File:USS_F-4_1915.jpg|link=USS F-4 (nonfiction)|1915: US Navy salvage divers raise [[USS F-4 (nonfiction)|USS F-4]], the first U.S. submarine sunk in an accident. | |||
||1937: Otto Ludwig Hölder dies ... mathematician. He will discover Hölder's inequality, a fundamental inequality between integrals and an indispensable tool for the study of Lp spaces. Pic. | |||
||1949: Soviet atomic bomb project: The Soviet Union test their first atomic device, “First Lightning.” It was an an implosive type plutonium bomb, detonated at the Semipalatinsk test range, giving up to a 20 kiloton yield. In the U.S. it was called Joe No. 1 ("Joe" was nickname for Y. Stalin.) This event came five years earlier than anyone in the West had predicted, largely due to one man, the spy Klaus Fuchs. As a Los Alamos physicist, Fuchs had passed detailed blue prints of the original American Trinity bomb design to the Russians. With the emergence of the USSR as a nuclear rival, America's monopoly of atomic weaponry was ended giving the U.S. strong motivation for intensifying its program of nuclear testing. Thus the Cold War was launched. On 23 Sep 1949, President Truman announced the Soviet detonation to the American public. | |||
|| | |||File:Stephen Wolfram.jpg|link=Stephen Wolfram (nonfiction)|1959: Computer scientist, physicist, and businessman [[Stephen Wolfram (nonfiction)|Stephen Wolfram]] born. He will do pioneering work in computation, creating Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha, and the Wolfram Language. | ||
|| | ||1962: The dangerous long-range side-effects of DDT and other pesticides was the subject of a press-conference question to President John F. Kennedy. In his reply, he acknowledged Rachel Carson's ground-breaking environmental book on the subject (Silent Spring) and stated that the government was taking a closer look at this. | ||
|| | ||1965: Astronaut Gordon Cooper in orbit 100 miles above the Earth aboard Gemini 5 held a conversation with aquanaut M. Scott Carpenter in Sealab II which was 205 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean. It was was first time an astronaut in space spoke with an aquanaut. Gemini 5 splashed down later in the day. | ||
||1965 | ||1965: The Gemini V spacecraft returns to Earth, landing in the Atlantic Ocean. | ||
|| | ||1982: An atom of a new element was made. It has been given the proposed name of Meitnerium, symbol Mt. Physicists at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory, Darmstadt, West Germany made and identified element 109 by bombing a target of Bi-209 with accelerated nuclei of Fe-58. After a week of target bombardment a single fused nucleus was produced. The combined energy of two nuclei had to be sufficiently high so that the repulsive forces between the nuclei could be overcome. The team confirmed the existence of element 109 by four independent measurements. The nucleus started to decay 5 ms after striking the detector. This experiment demonstrated the feasibility of using fusion techniques as a method of making new, heavy nuclei. | ||
|| | ||1982: The 52,000-mile “Transglobe” expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the world's polar axis. Beginning in 1979, British explorer Ranulph Fiennes with Charles Burton had travelled for three years around the Earth via the Poles circling the earth on longitude 0, the Greenwich Meridian. They had reached the North Pole on 11 Apr 1982, and the South Pole sixteen months before that. Their journey across Antarctica took 67 days, despite the advantages of motorised skidoos. The ocean voyage was undertaken in a craft named Benjamin Bowring. The expedition cost an estimated $18 million. | ||
File:Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research.jpg|link=Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research|2011: Cryptographic analysis of ''[[Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research]]'' reveals five terabytes of previously unknown encrypted data. | ||1990: Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin dies ... mathematician of who worked in the fields of linear elasticity, singular integrals and numerical analysis: he is best known for the introduction of the concept of "symbol of a singular integral operator", which eventually led to the foundation and development of the theory of pseudodifferential operators. Pic. | ||
||1990: Manly Palmer Hall dies ... mystic and author. | |||
||1991: Semipalatinsk nuclear test site officially closed. Pics. | |||
||1995: Selma Burke dies ... American sculptor and a member of the Harlem Renaissance movement. Burke is best known for a bas relief portrait of President Franklin D. Roosevelt which inspired the profile found on the obverse of the dime. She described herself as "a people's sculptor" and created many pieces of public art, often portraits of prominent African-American figures like Duke Ellington, Mary McLeod Bethune and Booker T. Washington. Pic. | |||
||2003: Horace W. Babcock dies ... astronomer, son of Harold Babcock. Working together, they were the first to measure the distribution of magnetic fields over the surface of the Sun. Horace invented and built many astronomical instruments, including a ruling engine which produced excellent diffraction gratings, the solar magnetograph, and microphotometers, automatic guiders, and exposure meters for the 100 and 200-inch telescopes. By combining his polarizing analyzer with the spectrograph he discovered magnetic fields in other stars. He developed important models of sunspots and their magnetism, and was the first to propose adaptive optics (1953). Pic: https://aas.org/obituaries/horace-welcome-babcock-1912-2003 | |||
||2007: United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident: Six US cruise missiles armed with nuclear warheads are flown without proper authorization from Minot Air Force Base to Barksdale Air Force Base. | |||
||File:Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research.jpg|link=Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research|2011: Cryptographic analysis of ''[[Albert Einstein and Alice Beta Conducting Research]]'' reveals five terabytes of previously unknown encrypted data. | |||
File:Shoshichi Kobayashi.jpg|link=Shoshichi Kobayashi (nonfiction)|2012: Mathematician and academic [[Shoshichi Kobayashi (nonfiction)|Shoshichi Kobayashi]] dies. He worked on Riemannian and complex manifolds, transformation groups of geometric structures, and Lie algebras. | File:Shoshichi Kobayashi.jpg|link=Shoshichi Kobayashi (nonfiction)|2012: Mathematician and academic [[Shoshichi Kobayashi (nonfiction)|Shoshichi Kobayashi]] dies. He worked on Riemannian and complex manifolds, transformation groups of geometric structures, and Lie algebras. | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:27, 7 February 2022
1780: Artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres born. He will assume the role of a guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style represented by his nemesis, Eugène Delacroix.
1863: Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley sinks during a test run, killing five members of her crew.
1915: US Navy salvage divers raise USS F-4, the first U.S. submarine sunk in an accident.
2012: Mathematician and academic Shoshichi Kobayashi dies. He worked on Riemannian and complex manifolds, transformation groups of geometric structures, and Lie algebras.