Template:Selected anniversaries/August 21: Difference between revisions
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File:Tycho Brahe.jpg|link=Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|1560: The occurrence at the predicted time of a solar eclipse in Copenhagen turns [[Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|Tycho Brahe]] towards a life of observational astronomy. | File:Tycho Brahe.jpg|link=Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|1560: The occurrence at the predicted time of a solar eclipse in Copenhagen turns [[Tycho Brahe (nonfiction)|Tycho Brahe]] towards a life of observational astronomy. | ||
File:Hubert Gautier.jpg|link=Hubert Gautier (nonfiction)|1660: Physician, mathematician, and engineer [[Hubert Gautier (nonfiction)|Hubert Gautier]] | ||1614: Elizabeth Báthory dies ... aristocrat and serial killer. Pic. | ||
File:Hubert Gautier.jpg|link=Hubert Gautier (nonfiction)|1660: Physician, mathematician, and engineer [[Hubert Gautier (nonfiction)|Hubert Gautier]] born. Gautier will author the first book on bridge building, ''Traité des Ponts'', in 1716, as well as books on roads, fortifications, antiquities, geology, and a first manual for watercolor practitioners. | |||
||1665: Giacomo F. Maraldi born ... astronomer and mathematician. ... discovery ... the ice caps on Mars are not exactly on the rotational poles of that body. Maraldi is also credited for the first observation (1723) of what is usually referred to as Poisson's spot, an observation that was unrecognized until its rediscovery in the early 19th century by Dominique Arago. At the time of Arago's discovery, Poisson's spot gave convincing evidence for the contested wave nature of light. No pic online: https://www.google.com/search?q=Giacomo+F.+Maraldi | ||1665: Giacomo F. Maraldi born ... astronomer and mathematician. ... discovery ... the ice caps on Mars are not exactly on the rotational poles of that body. Maraldi is also credited for the first observation (1723) of what is usually referred to as Poisson's spot, an observation that was unrecognized until its rediscovery in the early 19th century by Dominique Arago. At the time of Arago's discovery, Poisson's spot gave convincing evidence for the contested wave nature of light. No pic online: https://www.google.com/search?q=Giacomo+F.+Maraldi | ||
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||1762: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu dies ... was an English aristocrat, letter writer and poet. Lady Mary is today chiefly remembered for her letters, particularly her letters from travels to the Ottoman Empire, as wife to the British ambassador to Turkey, which have been described by Billie Melman as "the very first example of a secular work by a woman about the Muslim Orient". Aside from her writing, Lady Mary is also known for introducing and advocating for smallpox inoculation to Britain after her return from Turkey. Pic. | ||1762: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu dies ... was an English aristocrat, letter writer and poet. Lady Mary is today chiefly remembered for her letters, particularly her letters from travels to the Ottoman Empire, as wife to the British ambassador to Turkey, which have been described by Billie Melman as "the very first example of a secular work by a woman about the Muslim Orient". Aside from her writing, Lady Mary is also known for introducing and advocating for smallpox inoculation to Britain after her return from Turkey. Pic. | ||
||1789: Augustin-Louis Cauchy born ... mathematician and academic. | ||1789: Augustin-Louis Cauchy born ... mathematician and academic. Pic. | ||
||1813: Jean Servais Stas born ... chemist, notable for his accurate determinations of atomic weights. He had worked under the direction of Dumas, with whom he established the atomic weight of carbon. Stas worked assiduously to make more accurate measurements of other atomic weights than had ever been done before. Stas wished to prove the hypothesis of Joseph Proust, that all atoms were conglomerations of hydrogen atoms, though this could not be achieved. Stas was probably the most skillful chemical analyst of the nineteenth century. Pic. | ||1813: Jean Servais Stas born ... chemist, notable for his accurate determinations of atomic weights. He had worked under the direction of Dumas, with whom he established the atomic weight of carbon. Stas worked assiduously to make more accurate measurements of other atomic weights than had ever been done before. Stas wished to prove the hypothesis of Joseph Proust, that all atoms were conglomerations of hydrogen atoms, though this could not be achieved. Stas was probably the most skillful chemical analyst of the nineteenth century. Pic. | ||
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||1814: Benjamin Thompson Rumford dies ... physicist, government administrator, and a founder of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London. Because he was a Redcoat officer and an English spy during the American revolution, he moved into exile in England. Through his investigations of heat he became one of the first scientists to declare that heat is a form of motion rather than a material substance, as was popularly believed until the mid-19th century. Among his numerous scientific contributions are the development of a calorimeter and a photometer. He invented a double boiler, a kitchen stove and a drip coffee pot. Pic. | ||1814: Benjamin Thompson Rumford dies ... physicist, government administrator, and a founder of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London. Because he was a Redcoat officer and an English spy during the American revolution, he moved into exile in England. Through his investigations of heat he became one of the first scientists to declare that heat is a form of motion rather than a material substance, as was popularly believed until the mid-19th century. Among his numerous scientific contributions are the development of a calorimeter and a photometer. He invented a double boiler, a kitchen stove and a drip coffee pot. Pic. | ||
||1816: Charles Frédéric Gerhardt born ... chemist. | ||1816: Charles Frédéric Gerhardt born ... chemist. Pic. | ||
||1826: Karl Gegenbaur born ... anatomist and professor who demonstrated that the field of comparative anatomy offers important evidence supporting of the theory of evolution. From studies in embryology, he asserted that all eggs are simple cells (1861) as suggested earlier by Schwann (1838). Pic. | ||1826: Karl Gegenbaur born ... anatomist and professor who demonstrated that the field of comparative anatomy offers important evidence supporting of the theory of evolution. From studies in embryology, he asserted that all eggs are simple cells (1861) as suggested earlier by Schwann (1838). Pic. | ||
||1836: Claude-Louis Navier dies ... physicist and engineer. | ||1836: Claude-Louis Navier dies ... physicist and engineer. Pic: bust. | ||
|File:Wizard Jan Kochanowski.jpg|link=Jan_Kochanowski|1872: Poet and wizard [[Jan Kochanowski]] adapts [[Nebra sky disk (nonfiction)|Nebra sky disk]] for use as [[scrying engine]]. | |File:Wizard Jan Kochanowski.jpg|link=Jan_Kochanowski|1872: Poet and wizard [[Jan Kochanowski]] adapts [[Nebra sky disk (nonfiction)|Nebra sky disk]] for use as [[scrying engine]]. | ||
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||1901: Edward Copson born ... mathematician known for his studies in classical analysis, differential and integral equations, and their use in mathematical physics. After graduating from Oxford University with a B.A. degree in 1922, he moved to Scotland where he spent the nearly all of his career. His first book, The Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (1935) was immediately successful. He was a co-author for his next book, The Mathematical Theory of Huygens' Principle (1939). By 1975, he had published four more books, on asymptotic expansions, metric spaces and partial differential equations. Many of the papers he wrote bridged mathematics and physics, of which his last showed his interest in astrophysics, Electrostatics in a Gravitational Field (1978) which was relevant to Black Holes. Pic: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thomas_Copson http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Copson.html | ||1901: Edward Copson born ... mathematician known for his studies in classical analysis, differential and integral equations, and their use in mathematical physics. After graduating from Oxford University with a B.A. degree in 1922, he moved to Scotland where he spent the nearly all of his career. His first book, The Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable (1935) was immediately successful. He was a co-author for his next book, The Mathematical Theory of Huygens' Principle (1939). By 1975, he had published four more books, on asymptotic expansions, metric spaces and partial differential equations. Many of the papers he wrote bridged mathematics and physics, of which his last showed his interest in astrophysics, Electrostatics in a Gravitational Field (1978) which was relevant to Black Holes. Pic: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thomas_Copson http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Copson.html | ||
||1909: Nikolay Bogolyubov born | File:Nikolay_Bogolyubov.jpg|link=Nikolay Bogolyubov (nonfiction)|1909: Mathematician and physicist [[Nikolay Bogolyubov (nonfiction)|Nikolay Bogolyubov]] born. His method of teaching, based on creation of a warm atmosphere, politeness, and kindness, will be renowned in Russia as the "Bogolyubov approach". | ||
File:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.png|link=Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (nonfiction)|1910: Astrophysicist, astronomer, and mathematician [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (nonfiction)|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] born. He will share the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". | File:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.png|link=Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (nonfiction)|1910: Astrophysicist, astronomer, and mathematician [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (nonfiction)|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] born. He will share the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". | ||
||1910: Mathematician Ted Youngs born. Youngs worked in geometric topology; he is famous for the Ringel–Youngs theorem which proved the Heawood conjecture, a problem closely related to the Four color theorem for surfaces of higher genus. Pic search. | |||
||1911: The Mona Lisa is stolen by a Louvre employee. | ||1911: The Mona Lisa is stolen by a Louvre employee. | ||
File:Robert_Furman.jpg|link=Robert Furman (nonfiction)|1915: Engineer and American intelligence officer [[Robert Furman (nonfiction)|Robert Furman]] born. Furman will be chief of foreign intelligence for the [[Manhattan Project (nonfiction)|Manhattan Project]], directing espionage against the German nuclear energy project, and, near the end of the war, rounding up German atomic scientists. | |||
||1916: Engineer Hans-Georg Münzberg born ... specialized in airplane turbines and space flight. He taught at the TU Berlin, the TH Munich, and wrote textbooks. Pic search. | |||
||1918: Bruria Kaufman born ... theoretical physicist. She is known for contributions to Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, to statistical physics, where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising Model, and to the study of the Mössbauer effect, on which she collaborated with John von Neumann and Harry Lipkin. Pic. | ||1918: Bruria Kaufman born ... theoretical physicist. She is known for contributions to Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, to statistical physics, where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising Model, and to the study of the Mössbauer effect, on which she collaborated with John von Neumann and Harry Lipkin. Pic. | ||
||1927: William Burnside dies ... mathematician. He is known mostly as an early researcher in the theory of finite groups. | ||1927: William Burnside dies ... mathematician. He is known mostly as an early researcher in the theory of finite groups. Pic. | ||
||1933: Leon Lichtenstein dies ... mathematician, who made contributions to the areas of differential equations, conformal mapping, and potential theory. He was also interested in theoretical physics, publishing research in hydrodynamics and astronomy. | ||1933: Leon Lichtenstein dies ... mathematician, who made contributions to the areas of differential equations, conformal mapping, and potential theory. He was also interested in theoretical physics, publishing research in hydrodynamics and astronomy. | ||
File:Harry Daghlian.gif|link=Harry Daghlian (nonfiction)|1945: Physicist [[Harry Daghlian (nonfiction)|Harry Daghlian]] is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory. | File:Harry Daghlian.gif|link=Harry Daghlian (nonfiction)|1945: Physicist [[Harry Daghlian (nonfiction)|Harry Daghlian]] is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory. | ||
||1957: Harald Sverdrup dies ... meteorologist and oceanographer known for his studies of the physics, chemistry, and biology of the oceans. He explained the equatorial countercurrents and helped develop the method of predicting surf and breakers. As scientific director of Roald Amundsen's polar expedition on Maud (1918-1925), Sverdrup worked extensively on meteorology, magnetics, atmospheric electricity, physical oceanography, and tidal dynamics on the Siberian shelf, and even on the anthropology of Chukchi natives. In 1953, Sverdrup quantified the concept of "critical depth", explaining the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in newly stratified water columns. Pic. | ||1957: Harald Sverdrup dies ... meteorologist and oceanographer known for his studies of the physics, chemistry, and biology of the oceans. He explained the equatorial countercurrents and helped develop the method of predicting surf and breakers. As scientific director of Roald Amundsen's polar expedition on Maud (1918-1925), Sverdrup worked extensively on meteorology, magnetics, atmospheric electricity, physical oceanography, and tidal dynamics on the Siberian shelf, and even on the anthropology of Chukchi natives. In 1953, Sverdrup quantified the concept of "critical depth", explaining the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in newly stratified water columns. Pic. | ||
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||2017: Great American Eclipse traverses the continental United States. | ||2017: Great American Eclipse traverses the continental United States. | ||
File: | File:USS John S. McCain DDG-56.jpg|link=USS John S. McCain (DDG-56) (nonfiction)|2017: The destroyer [[USS John S. McCain (DDG-56) (nonfiction)|USS John S. McCain]] collides with the tanker ship ''Alnic MC'' off the coast of Singapore, leaving ten of her crew dead and another five injured. | ||
File: | File:Dennis_Paulson_of_Mars.jpg|link=Dennis Paulson of Mars|2017: ''[[Dennis Paulson of Mars]]'' broadcasts a minute of silence in recognition of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the loss of contact with [[Mars Observer (nonfiction)|Mars Observer]]. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:14, 7 February 2022
1560: The occurrence at the predicted time of a solar eclipse in Copenhagen turns Tycho Brahe towards a life of observational astronomy.
1660: Physician, mathematician, and engineer Hubert Gautier born. Gautier will author the first book on bridge building, Traité des Ponts, in 1716, as well as books on roads, fortifications, antiquities, geology, and a first manual for watercolor practitioners.
1909: Mathematician and physicist Nikolay Bogolyubov born. His method of teaching, based on creation of a warm atmosphere, politeness, and kindness, will be renowned in Russia as the "Bogolyubov approach".
1910: Astrophysicist, astronomer, and mathematician Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar born. He will share the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars".
1915: Engineer and American intelligence officer Robert Furman born. Furman will be chief of foreign intelligence for the Manhattan Project, directing espionage against the German nuclear energy project, and, near the end of the war, rounding up German atomic scientists.
1945: Physicist Harry Daghlian is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
1993: NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer.
2017: The destroyer USS John S. McCain collides with the tanker ship Alnic MC off the coast of Singapore, leaving ten of her crew dead and another five injured.
2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars broadcasts a minute of silence in recognition of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the loss of contact with Mars Observer.