Template:Selected anniversaries/August 14: Difference between revisions
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||1530: Giambattista Benedetti born ... was an Italian mathematician from Venice who was also interested in physics, mechanics, the construction of sundials, and the science of music. Pic (book cover). | ||1530: Giambattista Benedetti born ... was an Italian mathematician from Venice who was also interested in physics, mechanics, the construction of sundials, and the science of music. Pic (book cover). | ||
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File:Paolo Sarpi.jpg|link=Paolo Sarpi (nonfiction)|1552: Statesman, scientist, and historian [[Paolo Sarpi (nonfiction)|Paolo Sarpi]] born. He will be a proponent of the Copernican system, a friend and patron of Galileo Galilei, and a keen follower of the latest research on anatomy, astronomy, and ballistics at the University of Padua. | File:Paolo Sarpi.jpg|link=Paolo Sarpi (nonfiction)|1552: Statesman, scientist, and historian [[Paolo Sarpi (nonfiction)|Paolo Sarpi]] born. He will be a proponent of the Copernican system, a friend and patron of Galileo Galilei, and a keen follower of the latest research on anatomy, astronomy, and ballistics at the University of Padua. | ||
||1737: Charles Hutton born ... mathematician and surveyor. He was professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from 1773 to 1807. He is remembered for his calculation of the density of the earth from Nevil Maskelyne's observations on Schiehallion. | ||1737: Charles Hutton born ... mathematician and surveyor. He was professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from 1773 to 1807. He is remembered for his calculation of the density of the earth from Nevil Maskelyne's observations on Schiehallion. Pic. | ||
File:Hans Christian Ørsted.jpg|link=Hans Christian Ørsted (nonfiction)|1777: Physicist and chemist [[Hans Christian Ørsted (nonfiction)|Hans Christian Ørsted]] born. He will discover that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. | File:Hans Christian Ørsted.jpg|link=Hans Christian Ørsted (nonfiction)|1777: Physicist and chemist [[Hans Christian Ørsted (nonfiction)|Hans Christian Ørsted]] born. He will discover that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. | ||
||1842: Jean-Gaston Darboux born ... mathematician. | ||1842: Jean Gaston (Jean-Gaston) Darboux born ... mathematician. Pic. | ||
||1848: Margaret Lindsay Huggins born ... astronomer and author. With her husband William Huggins she was a pioneer in the field of spectroscopy and co-authored the Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra (1899). Pic. | |||
|| | |link=W. W. Rouse Ball (nonfiction)|1850: Mathematician, lawyer, and amateur magician W. W. Rouse Ball born ... founding president of the Cambridge Pentacle Club in 1919, one of the world's oldest magic societies. Pic. | ||
| | ||1856: Constant Prévost dies ... geologist and academic. Pic. | ||
||1858: George Combe dies ... lawyer who turned to the promotion of phrenology and published several works on the subject. He followed Franz Josef Gall in Paris. Gall was a French physician who identified a number of areas on the surface of the head that he linked with specific localizations of cerebral functions and the underlying attributes of the human personality. Combe established the first infant school in Edinburgh and gave evening lectures. He studied the criminal classes and lunatic asylums wishing to reform them. Pic. | ||1858: George Combe dies ... lawyer who turned to the promotion of phrenology and published several works on the subject. He followed Franz Josef Gall in Paris. Gall was a French physician who identified a number of areas on the surface of the head that he linked with specific localizations of cerebral functions and the underlying attributes of the human personality. Combe established the first infant school in Edinburgh and gave evening lectures. He studied the criminal classes and lunatic asylums wishing to reform them. Pic. | ||
||1865: Guido Castelnuovo born ... mathematician and academic best known for his contributions to the field of algebraic geometry, though his contributions to the study of statistics and probability theory are also significant. | ||1865: Guido Castelnuovo born ... mathematician and academic best known for his contributions to the field of algebraic geometry, though his contributions to the study of statistics and probability theory are also significant. Pic. | ||
||1866: Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin born ... mathematician and academic. | ||1866: Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin born ... mathematician and academic. Pic. | ||
||1883: Ernest Everett Just born ... biologist, academic and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting. Pic. | ||1883: Ernest Everett Just born ... biologist, academic and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting. Pic. | ||
||1885: Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint. | ||1885: Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint. It was to Zuisho Hotta for his formulation of an antifouling paint for ship hulls made of lacquer, powdered iron, red lead, persimmon tannin, and other ingredients. Although a patent law in Japan was first established much earlier, in 1871, it had been abandoned in the next year. On 18 Apr 1885, the Patent Monopoly Act was enacted marking the effective beginning of the Japan Patent Office. Antifouling paint was first patented in Britain by William Beale on 31 Aug 1625. The first U.S. patent for an antifouling paint was issued on 3 Nov 1863 to James G Tarr and Augustus Wonson. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=Zuisho+Hotta | ||
||1886: Arthur Jeffrey Dempster | ||1886: Arthur Jeffrey Dempster born ... physicist and academic. Pic. | ||
||1886: Edmond Nicolas Laguerre dies ... mathematician, a member of the Académie française (1885). His main works were in the areas of geometry and complex analysis. He also investigated orthogonal polynomials (see Laguerre polynomials). Laguerre's method is a root-finding algorithm tailored to polynomials. | ||1886: Edmond Nicolas Laguerre dies ... mathematician, a member of the Académie française (1885). His main works were in the areas of geometry and complex analysis. He also investigated orthogonal polynomials (see Laguerre polynomials). Laguerre's method is a root-finding algorithm tailored to polynomials. Pic. | ||
||1887: Eric Magnus Campbell Tigerstedt born ... inventor ... "Thomas Edison of Finland". He was a pioneer of sound-on-film technology and made significant improvements to the amplification capacity of the vacuum valve. Pic. | ||1887: Eric Magnus Campbell Tigerstedt born ... inventor ... "Thomas Edison of Finland". He was a pioneer of sound-on-film technology and made significant improvements to the amplification capacity of the vacuum valve. Pic. | ||
||1888: Julio Rey Pastor born ... mathematician and historian of science. | ||1888: Julio Rey Pastor born ... mathematician and historian of science. Pic. | ||
||1888: An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London, England. | ||1888: An audio recording of English composer Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord", one of the first recordings of music ever made, is played during a press conference introducing Thomas Edison's phonograph in London, England. | ||
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File:John Logie Baird 1917.jpg|link=John Logie Baird (nonfiction)|1888: Engineer and inventor [[John Logie Baird (nonfiction)|John Logie Baird]] born. He will be one of the inventors of the mechanical television. | File:John Logie Baird 1917.jpg|link=John Logie Baird (nonfiction)|1888: Engineer and inventor [[John Logie Baird (nonfiction)|John Logie Baird]] born. He will be one of the inventors of the mechanical television. | ||
File:The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling.jpg|link=The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling|1889: Signed first edition of ''[[The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling]]'' sells for eighty thousand dollars (US) at charity benefit auction in [[Periphery (town)|Periphery]]. | ||1940: Communist propagandist Willi Münzenberg born. He will die a mysterious death. Pic. | ||
|File:The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling.jpg|link=The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling|1889: Signed first edition of ''[[The Eel and Radium Jane Arm Wrestling]]'' sells for eighty thousand dollars (US) at charity benefit auction in [[Periphery (town)|Periphery]]. | |||
||1890: Bruno Tesch born ... chemist and businessman ... Zyklon B | ||1890: Bruno Tesch born ... chemist and businessman ... Zyklon B. Pic. | ||
||1893: France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration. | ||1893: France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration. | ||
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||1894: The first wireless transmission of information using Morse code was demonstrated by Oliver Lodge during a meeting of the British Association at Oxford. A message was transmitted about 150 yards (50-m) from the old Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum. However, as he later wrote in his Work of Hertz and Some of his Successors, the idea did not occur to Lodge at the time that this might be developed into long-distance telegraphy. “Stupidly enough, no attempt was made to apply any but the feeblest power, so as to test how far the disturbance could really be detected.” Nevertheless this demonstration predated the work of Guglielmo Marconi, who began his experiments in 1896. | ||1894: The first wireless transmission of information using Morse code was demonstrated by Oliver Lodge during a meeting of the British Association at Oxford. A message was transmitted about 150 yards (50-m) from the old Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum. However, as he later wrote in his Work of Hertz and Some of his Successors, the idea did not occur to Lodge at the time that this might be developed into long-distance telegraphy. “Stupidly enough, no attempt was made to apply any but the feeblest power, so as to test how far the disturbance could really be detected.” Nevertheless this demonstration predated the work of Guglielmo Marconi, who began his experiments in 1896. | ||
||1901: The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21. | ||1901: The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21. Pic. | ||
||1904: Léon Rosenfeld born ... physicist and Marxist. Pic. | ||1904: Léon Rosenfeld born ... physicist and Marxist. Pic. | ||
||1907: Cornelis Jacobus (Cor) Gorter born ... experimental and theoretical physicist. Among other work, he discovered paramagnetic relaxation and was a pioneer in low temperature physics. | ||1907: Cornelis Jacobus (Cor) Gorter born ... experimental and theoretical physicist. Among other work, he discovered paramagnetic relaxation and was a pioneer in low temperature physics. Pic: https://www.geni.com/people/prof-dr-Cornelis-Jacobus-Gorter/6000000070153909853 | ||
File:William Stanley.jpg|link=William Stanley (nonfiction)|1909: Inventor, engineer, and philanthropist [[William Stanley (nonfiction)|William Stanley]] dies. He designed and manufactured precision drawing and mathematical instruments, as well as surveying instruments and telescopes. | File:William Stanley.jpg|link=William Stanley (nonfiction)|1909: Inventor, engineer, and philanthropist [[William Stanley (nonfiction)|William Stanley]] dies. He designed and manufactured precision drawing and mathematical instruments, as well as surveying instruments and telescopes. | ||
||1912: Frank Oppenheimer born ... physicist and academic. Pic. | |||
||1912: Frank Oppenheimer born ... physicist and academic. | |||
||1919: Richard Darwin Keynes ... physiologist who did pioneering work on the mechanisms underlying the conduction of the action potential along nerve fibres. Early in his career, he worked with the giant nerve fibers of squid, which would help discover how nerve impulses are transmitted in all animals. In later resarch, he determined how electric eels project electric fields outside their bodies. Keynes was the first to use radioactive sodium and potassium tracer atoms to follow the movements of these atoms when an impulse is transmitted along a nerve fibre. He has written extensively about the life and work of his great-grandfather, Charles Darwin, beginning with The Beagle Record (1979). Pic not Wikipedia. | ||1919: Richard Darwin Keynes ... physiologist who did pioneering work on the mechanisms underlying the conduction of the action potential along nerve fibres. Early in his career, he worked with the giant nerve fibers of squid, which would help discover how nerve impulses are transmitted in all animals. In later resarch, he determined how electric eels project electric fields outside their bodies. Keynes was the first to use radioactive sodium and potassium tracer atoms to follow the movements of these atoms when an impulse is transmitted along a nerve fibre. He has written extensively about the life and work of his great-grandfather, Charles Darwin, beginning with The Beagle Record (1979). Pic not Wikipedia. | ||
||1919: A U.S. aeromarine flying boat carries the first air mail delivery at sea. | ||1919: A U.S. aeromarine flying boat carries the first air mail delivery at sea. | ||
||1920: Aubrey William Ingleton born ... mathematician. His work on matroids culminated in the paper "Representation of matroids" published in 1969. In his work Ingleton studied matroids as a generalization of the concept of linear independence. The paper is a survey about representable matroids as it exhibited matroids representable over C but not over R and similarly over R but not over Q. He included in his paper a single theorem which is a necessary condition of the representability of matroids. This condition is known in the literature as Ingleton's Inequality. Pic: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5d82/39acfc6c6ac78aad9959c4650507c45f6f2e.pdf | |||
||1924: Delbert Ray Fulkerson born ...mathematician who co-developed the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm, one of the most well-known algorithms to solve the maximum flow problem in networks. Pic. | ||1924: Delbert Ray Fulkerson born ...mathematician who co-developed the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm, one of the most well-known algorithms to solve the maximum flow problem in networks. Pic. | ||
||1930: Florian Cajori dies ... historian of mathematics. His ''A History of Mathematics'' (1894) was the first popular presentation of the history of mathematics in the United States; even today his 1928–1929 ''History of Mathematical Notations'' has been described as "unsurpassed". | ||1930: Florian Cajori dies ... historian of mathematics. His ''A History of Mathematics'' (1894) was the first popular presentation of the history of mathematics in the United States; even today his 1928–1929 ''History of Mathematical Notations'' has been described as "unsurpassed". Pic. | ||
||1935: Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired. | ||1935: Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired. Pic. | ||
||1941: Paul Sabatier dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. | ||1941: Paul Sabatier dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||
||1941: World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims. | ||1941: World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims. Pic. | ||
||1954: Dr. Hugo Eckener dies ... the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and also the commander of the famous Graf Zeppelin for most of its record-setting flights, including the first airship flight around the world, making him the most successful airship commander in history. He was also responsible for the construction of the most successful type of airships of all time. An anti-Nazi who was invited to campaign as a moderate in the German presidential elections, he was blacklisted by that regime and eventually sidelined. Pic. | ||1954: Dr. Hugo Eckener dies ... the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and also the commander of the famous Graf Zeppelin for most of its record-setting flights, including the first airship flight around the world, making him the most successful airship commander in history. He was also responsible for the construction of the most successful type of airships of all time. An anti-Nazi who was invited to campaign as a moderate in the German presidential elections, he was blacklisted by that regime and eventually sidelined. Pic. | ||
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||1958: Frédéric Joliot-Curie dies ... physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||1958: Frédéric Joliot-Curie dies ... physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | ||
||1961: Henri Breuil dies ... archaeologist, who was an authority on Paleolithic cave paintings, especially in France and Spain. He was ordained a priest (1900). At various important sites, he diligently recorded cave art in colour reproductions. When making interpretations, and related them, he was careful to avoid unsubstantiated conclusions regarding the religious or social aspects of the primitive painters. In a classic paper (1912), he made a reclassification of Paleolithic industries. In 1940, he was the first to visit and describe Lascaux. After WW II, he travelled extensively in Africa for nearly six years examining and creating images of the art in thousands of rock shelters. Pic. | ||1961: Henri Breuil dies ... archaeologist, who was an authority on Paleolithic cave paintings, especially in France and Spain. He was ordained a priest (1900). At various important sites, he diligently recorded cave art in colour reproductions. When making interpretations, and related them, he was careful to avoid unsubstantiated conclusions regarding the religious or social aspects of the primitive painters. In a classic paper (1912), he made a reclassification of Paleolithic industries. In 1940, he was the first to visit and describe [[Lascaux (nonfiction)|Lascaux]]. After WW II, he travelled extensively in Africa for nearly six years examining and creating images of the art in thousands of rock shelters. Pic. | ||
||1967: Jovan Karamata dies ... mathematician. He is remembered for contributions to analysis, in particular, the Tauberian theory and the theory of slowly varying functions. Pic. | |||
||1967: UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal. | ||1967: UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal. | ||
||1977: Neuropsychologist Alexander Luria dies ... pioneer of modern neuropsychological assessment. He developed an extensive and original battery of neuropsychological tests during his clinical work with brain-injured victims of World War II, which are still used in various forms. Pic. | |||
||1991: C. Guy Suits dies ... Chauncey Guy Suits was an American electrical engineer and research director who joined the General Electric Company in 1930, and subsequently directed the company's research laboratory and was vice-president (1945-65). He helped develop a new process, announced in 1962, to create synthetic diamonds by compressing carbon in a large hydraulic press at pressures up to three million pounds per square inch, while simultaneously heated to 9,000 ºF, without needing the metal catalyst agent previously used. He held 77 U.S. patents, in such varied applications as railway block signal improvements, circuits for sequence-flashing electric signs, radio circuits, beacons, submarine signals, theater light dimmers and photo-electric relays. Upon his retirement from G.E., he consulted on industrial research management. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_14.htm | ||1991: C. Guy Suits dies ... Chauncey Guy Suits was an American electrical engineer and research director who joined the General Electric Company in 1930, and subsequently directed the company's research laboratory and was vice-president (1945-65). He helped develop a new process, announced in 1962, to create synthetic diamonds by compressing carbon in a large hydraulic press at pressures up to three million pounds per square inch, while simultaneously heated to 9,000 ºF, without needing the metal catalyst agent previously used. He held 77 U.S. patents, in such varied applications as railway block signal improvements, circuits for sequence-flashing electric signs, radio circuits, beacons, submarine signals, theater light dimmers and photo-electric relays. Upon his retirement from G.E., he consulted on industrial research management. Pic: https://www.todayinsci.com/8/8_14.htm | ||
||2000: Alain Fournier dies ... computer scientist and academic. | ||2000: Alain Fournier dies ... computer scientist and academic. Pic search:https://www.google.com/search?q=alain+fournier+computer | ||
||2003: A major power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada. | ||2003: A major power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada. | ||
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File:Stardust at comet Wild 2.jpg|link=Stardust (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2014: Scientists announce the identification of possible interstellar dust particles from the [[Stardust (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Stardust capsule]], which returned to Earth in 2006. | File:Stardust at comet Wild 2.jpg|link=Stardust (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2014: Scientists announce the identification of possible interstellar dust particles from the [[Stardust (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Stardust capsule]], which returned to Earth in 2006. | ||
||2012: Sergey Kapitsa dies ... physicist and demographer. | ||2012: Sergey Kapitsa dies ... physicist and demographer ... best known as host of the popular and long-running Russian scientific TV show, Evident, but Incredible. Pic. | ||
||2017: Thomas L. Saaty dies ... inventor, architect, and primary theoretician of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making framework used for large-scale, multiparty, multi-criteria decision analysis, and of the Analytic Network Process (ANP), its generalization to decisions with dependence and feedback. Pic. | |||
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Latest revision as of 12:05, 7 February 2022
1552: Statesman, scientist, and historian Paolo Sarpi born. He will be a proponent of the Copernican system, a friend and patron of Galileo Galilei, and a keen follower of the latest research on anatomy, astronomy, and ballistics at the University of Padua.
1777: Physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted born. He will discover that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.
1888: Engineer and inventor John Logie Baird born. He will be one of the inventors of the mechanical television.
1909: Inventor, engineer, and philanthropist William Stanley dies. He designed and manufactured precision drawing and mathematical instruments, as well as surveying instruments and telescopes.
2014: Scientists announce the identification of possible interstellar dust particles from the Stardust capsule, which returned to Earth in 2006.