Template:Selected anniversaries/July 4: Difference between revisions

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||1054 – A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
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||1776 – American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.
||1054: A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.


||1802 – At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
||1742: Luigi Guido Grandi dies ... monk, mathematician, and engineer. Pic.


||1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
||1745: John Adams born ... sailor and mutineer. Pic.


||1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
||1753: Jean-Pierre Blanchard born ... inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight. Pic.


||1826 – Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence.
||1776: American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.


||1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published In Brooklyn.
||1790: George Everest born ... surveyor and geographer who served as Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843. He is best known for having Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, named in his honor. Pic.
 
||1802: At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
 
||1803: The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
 
||1817: In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
 
||1826: Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence. Pic.
 
||1837: Sophus Mads Jørgensen born ... chemist. He is considered one of the founders of coordination chemistry.  Pic.
 
||1855: The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, ''Leaves of Grass'', is published In Brooklyn.


File:Henrietta Swan Leavitt.jpg|link=Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|1868: Astronomer [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.
File:Henrietta Swan Leavitt.jpg|link=Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|1868: Astronomer [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.


||1886 – The people of France offer the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.
||1882: Fred C. Allison born ... physicist. He developed a magneto-optic spectroscopy method [3][4] that became known as the Allison magneto-optic method. He claimed to have discovered two new elements (later discredited) using this method. Pic search: https://www.google.com/search?q=Fred+Allison+physicist
 
||1886: The people of France offer the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.


File:Nakaya Ukichiro in 1946.jpg|link=Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|1900: Physicist and academic [[Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|Ukichiro Nakaya]] born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.
File:Nakaya Ukichiro in 1946.jpg|link=Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|1900: Physicist and academic [[Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|Ukichiro Nakaya]] born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.


||Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (died 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline.
||1901: Peter Tait dies ... mathematical physicist, best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline. Pic.
 
||1902: Botanist and evolutionary biologist Thorvald (Thorwald) Julius Sørensen  born. He published the botanical research of the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Pic.


File:Havelock_and_Tesla_telecommunications_research.jpg|link=Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|1902: Judge Havelock and Nikola Tesla demonstrate [[Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|new data transmission protocol]] which functions as a psychological [[time machine (nonfiction)|time machine]].
||1906: Vincent Schaefer born ... chemist and meteorologist who developed cloud seeding. On November 13, 1946, while a researcher at the General Electric Research Laboratory, Schaefer modified clouds in the Berkshire Mountains by seeding them with dry ice. Pic seach yes cool: https://www.google.com/search?q=vincent+schaefer


||Émile Zuckerkandl (b. July 4, 1922) was an Austrian-born French biologist considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He is best known for introducing, with Linus Pauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
||1908: Aurelio Peccei born ... industrialist and philanthropist, best known as co-founder with Alexander King and first president of the Club of Rome, an organisation which attracted considerable public attention in 1972 with its report, The Limits to Growth. Pic.


||Jürgen Kurt Moser (b. July 4, 1928) was an award-winning, German-American mathematician, honored for work spanning over 4 decades, including Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations.
||1911: Frederick Seitz born ... physicist and a pioneer of solid state physics. Pic.


||1934 – Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design that would later be used in the atomic bomb.
||1919: Keith Batey born ... a codebreaker who, with his wife, Mavis Batey, worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War. Pic: http://spartacus-educational.com/Keith_Batey.htm


||1941 – Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
||1922: Émile Zuckerkandl born ... biologist considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He is best known for introducing, with Linus Pauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution. Pic.
 
||1928: Jürgen Kurt Moser born ... mathematician, honored for work spanning over 4 decades, including Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations. Pic.
 
||1932: Katharine Blodgett Gebbie born ... astrophysicist and civil servant. Pic.
 
File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|link=Marie Curie (nonfiction)|1934: [[Marie Curie (nonfiction)|Marie Curie]], French-Polish physicist and chemist dies.  She conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, discovering the elements polonium and radium.
 
File:Leo Szilard.jpg|link=Leo Szilard (nonfiction)|1934: [[Leo Szilard (nonfiction)|Leo Szilard]] patents the chain-reaction design that will later be used in the atomic bomb.
 
File:Geometrical frustration icosahedron.jpg|link=Geometrical frustration (nonfiction)|1935: Outbreak of [[Geometrical frustration (nonfiction)|Geometrical frustration]] exposes new class of [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
 
||1941: Włodzimierz Stożek dies ... mathematician.  He published numerous papers on the theory of integral equations, potential theory, as well as on many other branches of mathematics. Pic. – Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv. Pic.
 
||1941: Antoni Łomnicki dies ... mathematician and academic. Pic.


File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1951: Physicist and engineer [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] announces the invention of the junction transistor.
File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1951: Physicist and engineer [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] announces the invention of the junction transistor.


||1961 – On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.
||1956: John Wishart dies ... mathematician and agricultural statistician. He first formulated a generalised product-moment distribution named the Wishart distribution in his honor, in 1928. Pic.


||1977 – The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit
||1961: On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.


|File:800px-Nebra_Schwerter.jpg|link=Weapon (nonfiction)|1976: Army research laboratories [[Weapon (nonfiction)|convert modern plowshares into ancient swords]]. Military contractors call technique "Astonishing breakthrough."
||1962: Thomas Jefferson Jackson dies ... astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven. His educational and professional career were dogged by conflict, including his attacks on relativity. He was fired from his position at two observatories, eventually serving out his professional years in an island outpost in California. Pic.


File:Joseph Weizenbaum.jpg|link=Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|1982: Computer scientist and crime-fighter [[Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|Joseph Weizenbaum]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
||1977: The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit.


File:John Bodkin Adams 1940s.jpg|link=John Bodkin Adams (nonfiction)|1983: Physician, confidence trickster, and suspected serial killer [[John Bodkin Adams (nonfiction)|John Bodkin Adams]] dies.
File:John Bodkin Adams 1940s.jpg|link=John Bodkin Adams (nonfiction)|1983: Physician, confidence trickster, and suspected serial killer [[John Bodkin Adams (nonfiction)|John Bodkin Adams]] dies.


|File:Brainiac Explains Lecture Series (Dominic Yeso).jpg|link=Brainiac Explains|1962: [[Brainiac Explains]] lecture series publishes complete plans for nuclear-powered fireworks display.
||1986: Oscar Zariski dies ... was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century. Pic.
 
||1990: Marshall Hall, Jr. dies ... was an American mathematician who made significant contributions to group theory and combinatorics. Pic.


||Oscar Zariski (d. July 4, 1986) was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.
||1992: Francis Perrin dies ... was a French physicist, Nuclear High-Commissioner - In 1972, he discovered the Oklo natural reactor. Pic.


||Francis Perrin (d. 1992) was a French physicist, Nuclear High-Commissioner - In 1972, he discovered the Oklo natural reactor.
||1993: Yvette Amice dies ... mathematician whose research concerned number theory and p-adic analysis. Pic: http://johnbcosgrave.com/archive/oxford.htm.


||1997 – NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
||1997: Miguel Najdorf dies ... chess player and theoretician. Pic.


File:Leonardo Draws Clock Head.jpg|link=Leonardo Draws Clock Head|1998: Signed first edition of ''[[Leonardo Draws Clock Head]]'' sells for one and a half million dollars.
||1997: NASA's ''Pathfinder'' space probe lands on the surface of Mars.


||1998 – Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
||1998: Japan launches the ''Nozomi'' probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.


||Laurent-Moïse Schwartz (d. 4 July 2002) was a French mathematician. He pioneered the theory of distributions, which gives a well-defined meaning to objects such as the Dirac delta function. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work on the theory of distributions.  
||2002: Laurent-Moïse Schwartz dies ... mathematician. He pioneered the theory of distributions, which gives a well-defined meaning to objects such as the Dirac delta function. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work on the theory of distributions. Pic.


File:Deep Impact.png|link=Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2005: The [[Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Deep Impact]] collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
File:Deep Impact.png|link=Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2005: The [[Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Deep Impact]] collider hits the comet Tempel 1.


||2012 – The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
||2012: The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
 
||2016 – The arrival of the Juno probe to Jupiter.


File:Geometrical frustration icosahedron.jpg|link=Geometrical frustration (nonfiction)|2017: Outbreak of [[Geometrical frustration (nonfiction)|Geometrical frustration]] exposes new class of [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
||2016: The arrival of the ''Juno'' probe to Jupiter.


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Revision as of 20:15, 6 February 2022

  • 1868: Astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.

    1868: Astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.

  • 1900: Physicist and academic Ukichiro Nakaya born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.

    1900: Physicist and academic Ukichiro Nakaya born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.

  • 1934: Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist dies. She conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, discovering the elements polonium and radium.

    1934: Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist dies. She conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, discovering the elements polonium and radium.

  • 1934: Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design that will later be used in the atomic bomb.

    1934: Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design that will later be used in the atomic bomb.

  • 1935: Outbreak of Geometrical frustration exposes new class of crimes against mathematical constants.

    1935: Outbreak of Geometrical frustration exposes new class of crimes against mathematical constants.

  • 1951: Physicist and engineer William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor.

    1951: Physicist and engineer William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor.

  • 1983: Physician, confidence trickster, and suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams dies.

    1983: Physician, confidence trickster, and suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams dies.

  • 2005: The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.

    2005: The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.

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