Template:Selected anniversaries/February 14: Difference between revisions

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||869 – Saint Cyril, Greek bishop, linguist, and scholar (b. 82
||869: Saint Cyril dies ... bishop, linguist, and scholar.


||1349 – Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg.
||1349: Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg.


||Leon Battista Alberti (b. February 14, 1404) was an Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man. Pic (engraving).
File:Leon Battista Alberti (presumed self-portrait).jpg|link=Leon Battista Alberti (nonfiction)|1404: Polymath [[Leon Battista Alberti (nonfiction)|Leon Battista Alberti]] born. Alberti will epitomize the Renaissance man: humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer.


||1468 – Johannes Werner, German priest and mathematician (d. 1522)
||1468: Johannes Werner born ... priest and mathematician. TO_DO !!!


||1490 – Valentin Friedland, German scholar and educationist of the Reformation (d. 1556)
||1490: Valentin Friedland born ... scholar and educationist of the Reformation.


||1502 – Spanish Inquisition: The Catholic Monarchs issue a decree forcing Muslims in Granada to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain.
||1793: Goldsworthy Gurney born ... surgeon, chemist, lecturer, consultant, architect, builder. He was a prototypical British gentleman scientist and inventor of the Victorian era. Pic.


||1676 – Abraham Bosse, French engraver and illustrator (b. 1602)
||1892: Teresa Cohen born ... mathematician. Invited to join the faculty of Pennsylvania State University in 1920, she advanced to the rank of full professor; after her mandatory retirement in 1962, she maintained an office in the Department of Mathematics and tutored students for free until 1985 at the age of 94. Pic.


||1744 – John Hadley, English mathematician, invented the octant (b. 1682)
||1502: Spanish Inquisition: The Catholic Monarchs issue a decree forcing Muslims in Granada to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain.


||1779 – James Cook, English captain, cartographer, and explorer (b. 1728) killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii.
||1628: Valentine Greatrakes born ... faith healer who toured England in 1666, claiming to cure people by the laying on of hands. Pic.


||1819 – Christopher Latham Sholes, American journalist and politician, invented the typewriter (d. 1890) Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 – February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and along with Frank Haven Hall, Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States.
||1676: Abraham Bosse dies ... engraver and illustrator.


||1831 – Henry Maudslay, English engineer (b. 1771) Machine tools
File:John_Hadley.jpg|link=John Hadley (nonfiction)|1744: Mathematician [[John Hadley (nonfiction)|John Hadley]] dies. Hadley laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same. Hadley also developed ways to make precision aspheric and parabolic objective mirrors for reflecting telescopes.


||1838 – Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (d. 1914)
||1779: Captain, cartographer, and explorer James Cook killed by Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the island of Hawaii.


||Hermann Hankel (b. 14 February 1839) was a German mathematician. His 1867 exposition on complex numbers and quaternions is particularly memorable. Pic.
||1819: Christopher Latham Sholes born ... journalist and politician, invented the typewriter ... inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and along with Frank Haven Hall, Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States.


||1847 – Anna Howard Shaw, American physician, minister, and activist (d. 1919)
||1831: Henry Maudslay dies ... engineer ... Machine tools. Pic.


||1848 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer and academic (d. 1934)
||1838: Margaret E. Knight born ... inventor, flat-bottomed paper bag. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=margaret+e.+knight


||John Perry (b. 14 February 1850) was a pioneering engineer and mathematician from Ireland.
||1839: Hermann Hankel born ... mathematician. His 1867 exposition on complex numbers and quaternions is particularly memorable. Pic.
 
||1847: Anna Howard Shaw born ... physician, minister, and suffrage activist. Pic.
 
||1848: Benjamin Baillaud born ... astronomer and academic. Baillaud was active in time standardisation, becoming the founding president of the International Time Bureau and initiating the transmission of a time signal from the Eiffel Tower. Baillaud maintained the observatory and the time signal throughout World War I. Pic.
 
||1850: John Perry born ... engineer and mathematician. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=John+Perry+engineer


File:Telegraph.jpg|link=Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|1855: Texas is linked by [[Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|telegraph]] to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.
File:Telegraph.jpg|link=Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|1855: Texas is linked by [[Electrical telegraph (nonfiction)|telegraph]] to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.


||1859 – George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., American engineer, inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. 1896)
||1859: George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. born ... engineer, inventor of the Ferris wheel.


||1869 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist and meteorologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
||1869: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson born ... physicist and meteorologist, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.


File:Rotary dial telephone.jpg|link=Telephone (nonfiction)|1876: [[Alexander Graham Bell (nonfiction)|Alexander Graham Bell]] applies for a patent for the [[Telephone (nonfiction)|telephone]], as does [[Elisha Gray (nonfiction)|Elisha Gray]].
File:Rotary dial telephone.jpg|link=Telephone (nonfiction)|1876: [[Alexander Graham Bell (nonfiction)|Alexander Graham Bell]] applies for a patent for the [[Telephone (nonfiction)|telephone]], as does [[Elisha Gray (nonfiction)|Elisha Gray]].


||Edmund Georg Hermann Landau (b. 14 February 1877) was a German born mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis.
||1877: Edmund Georg Hermann Landau born ... mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis. Pic.


||Greenleaf Whittier Pickard (b. February 14, 1877) was a United States radio pioneer. He was responsible for the development of the crystal detector, (cat's whisker detector), a radio wave detector which was the central component in early radio receivers called crystal radios. He also experimented with antennas, radio wave propagation, and noise suppression. Pic.
||1877: Greenleaf Whittier Pickard born ... radio pioneer. He was responsible for the development of the crystal detector, (cat's whisker detector), a radio wave detector which was the central component in early radio receivers called crystal radios. He also experimented with antennas, radio wave propagation, and noise suppression. Pic.


||1878 – Julius Nieuwland, Belgian priest, chemist and academic (d. 1936)
||1878: Julius Nieuwland born ... priest, chemist and academic ... contributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis for one type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the invention of neoprene. Pic.


||Robert Erich Remak (14 February 1888) was a German mathematician. He is chiefly remembered for his work in group theory (Remak decomposition). His other interests included algebraic number theory, mathematical economics and geometry of numbers.  
||1888: Mathematician Robert Erich Remak born. He is chiefly remembered for his work in group theory (Remak decomposition). His other interests included algebraic number theory, mathematical economics and geometry of numbers. Died in Auschwitz. Pic: grave plaque.


||1894 – Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian-French mathematician and academic (b. 1814) Eugène Charles Catalan (30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894)[1] was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics. His notable contributions included discovering a periodic minimal surface in the space {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} \mathbb {R} ^{3}; stating the famous Catalan's conjecture, which was eventually proved in 2002; and, introducing the Catalan numbers to solve a combinatorial problem.
||1894: Eugène Charles Catalan dies ... mathematician and academic ... who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics. His notable contributions included discovering a periodic minimal surface in the space TO_DO ... stating the famous Catalan's conjecture, which was eventually proved in 2002; and, introducing the Catalan numbers to solve a combinatorial problem. Pic.


||Edward Arthur Milne FRS (b. 14 February 1896) was a British astrophysicist and mathematician.
||1896: Edward Arthur Milne born ... astrophysicist and mathematician. Pic.


||1898 – Fritz Zwicky, Swiss-American physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)
||1898: Fritz Zwicky born ... physicist and astronomer. He worked most of his life at the California Institute of Technology in the United States of America, where he made many important contributions in theoretical and observational astronomy. In 1933, Zwicky was the first to use the virial theorem to infer the existence of unseen dark matter, describing it as "dunkle Materie". Pic.


||1899 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
||1899: Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.


File:Sir Charles Oatley.jpg|link=Charles Oatley (nonfiction)|1904: Engineer and inventor [[Charles Oatley (nonfiction)|Charles William Oatley]] born. He will develop of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes.
File:Sir Charles Oatley.jpg|link=Charles Oatley (nonfiction)|1904: Engineer and inventor [[Charles Oatley (nonfiction)|Charles William Oatley]] born. He will develop of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes.


||1911 – Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch physician and inventor (d. 2009)
||1911: Willem Johan Kolff born ... physician and inventor ... pioneer of hemodialysis as well as in the field of artificial organs. Pic.


||1912 – The US Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines.
||1912: The US Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines.


||1917 – Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
||1955: Irvin Sol Cohen dies (suicide) - mathematician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who worked on local rings. In his thesis he proved the Cohen structure theorem for complete Noetherian local rings. Pic search. No DOB.


||1924 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
||1917: Herbert A. Hauptman born ... mathematician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.


||1929 – Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago.
||1920: Engineer and computer scientist J. Halcombe "Hal" Laning Jr. born.  Laning invented an algebraic compiler called George (also known as the Laning and Zierler system after the authors of the published paper) that ran on the MIT Whirlwind, the first real-time computer. Pic search.


||Maurice Audin (b. 14 February 1932) was a French mathematics assistant at the University of Algiers, a member of the Algerian Communist Party and an activist in the anticolonialist cause, who was one of the "disappeared" during the Battle of Algiers. Pic.
||1924: The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
 
||1928: Sergey Kapitsa born ... physicist and demographer ... best known as host of the popular and long-running Russian scientific TV show, ''Evident, but Incredible''. Pic.
 
||1929: Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago.
 
||1932: Maurice Audin born ... mathematics assistant at the University of Algiers, a member of the Algerian Communist Party and an activist in the anticolonialist cause, who was one of the "disappeared" during the Battle of Algiers. Pic. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06690-w
 
||1933: Carl Erich Correns dies ... botanist and geneticist, who is notable primarily for his independent discovery of the principles of heredity, and for his rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's earlier paper on that subject, which he achieved simultaneously but independently of other researchers. Pic.


File:David Hilbert.jpg|link=David Hilbert (nonfiction)|1943: Mathematician [[David Hilbert (nonfiction)|David Hilbert]] dies. He discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry.
File:David Hilbert.jpg|link=David Hilbert (nonfiction)|1943: Mathematician [[David Hilbert (nonfiction)|David Hilbert]] dies. He discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry.


File:Owen Richardson.jpg|link=Owen Willans Richardson (nonfiction)|1944: Physicist and academic [[Owen Willans Richardson (nonfiction)|Owen Willans Richardson]] uses thermionic theory to compute optimal Valentine's Day card.
||1945: World War II: Navigational error leads to the mistaken bombing of Prague, Czechoslovakia by an American squadron of B-17s assisting in the Soviet's Vistula–Oder Offensive.


||1945 – World War II: Navigational error leads to the mistaken bombing of Prague, Czechoslovakia by an American squadron of B-17s assisting in the Soviet's Vistula–Oder Offensive.
|File:ENIAC.jpg|link=ENIAC (nonfiction)|1949: [[ENIAC (nonfiction)|ENIAC]] programmed to select optimal Valentine's Day gift.


|File:ENIAC.jpg|link=ENIAC (nonfiction)|1949: [[ENIAC (nonfiction)|ENIAC]] programmed to select optimal Valentine's Day gift.
File:Karl Jansky.jpg|link=Karl Guthe Jansky (nonfiction)|1950: Physicist and engineer [[Karl Guthe Jansky (nonfiction)|Karl Guthe Jansky]] dies. Jansky discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way while investigating sources of static that might interfere with radio voice transmissions, and is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.


File:Karl Jansky.jpg|link=Karl Guthe Jansky (nonfiction)|1950: Physicist and engineer [[Karl Guthe Jansky (nonfiction)|Karl Guthe Jansky]] dies. He was one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.
||1955: Mathematician Irvin Sol Cohen commits suicide. In his thesis he proved the Cohen structure theorem for complete Noetherian local rings. In 1946 he proved the unmixedness theorem for power series rings. As a result, Cohen–Macaulay rings are named after him and F. S. Macaulay. Cohen and Seidenberg published their Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, also known as the going-up and going-down theorems. No birth date. No pic online.


File:Richard Feynman.jpg|link=Richard Feynman (nonfiction)|1951: Theoretical physicist and crime-fighter [[Richard Feynman (nonfiction)|Richard Feynman]] uses principles of quantum electrodynamics to compose state-of-the-art Valentine's Day cards.
||1956: The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begins in Moscow. On the last night of the meeting, Premier Nikita Khrushchev condemns Joseph Stalin's crimes in a secret speech.


||1956 – The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union begins in Moscow. On the last night of the meeting, Premier Nikita Khrushchev condemns Joseph Stalin's crimes in a secret speech.
||1961: Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.


||1961 – Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.
||1966: Australian currency is decimalized.


||1966 – Australian currency is decimalized.
||1897: Vito Genovese dies ... mob boss. Pic.


||1975 – Julian Huxley, English biologist and eugenicist, co-founded the World Wide Fund for Nature (b. 1887)
||1975: Julian Huxley dies ... biologist and eugenicist, co-founded the World Wide Fund for Nature.


||1989 – Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.
||1989: Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal disaster.


||1989 – Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.
||1989: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.


File:Pale Blue Dot.png|link=Pale Blue Dot (nonfiction)|1990: The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the photograph of planet Earth later become famous as ''[[Pale Blue Dot (nonfiction)|Pale Blue Dot]]''.
File:Pale Blue Dot.png|link=Pale Blue Dot (nonfiction)|1990: The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the ''[[Pale Blue Dot (nonfiction)|Pale Blue Dot]]'' photograph of planet Earth from a distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles, 40.5 AU). Earth's apparent size is less than a pixel.


||2000 – The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
||1991: José Ádem dies ... mathematician who worked in algebraic topology, and proved the Ádem relations between Steenrod squares. Pic.


||Walter Henry Zinn (d. February 14, 2000) was a nuclear physicist who was the first director of the Argonne National Laboratory from 1946 to 1956. He worked at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory during World War II, and supervised the construction of Chicago Pile-1, the world’s first nuclear reactor, which went critical on December 2, 1942, at the University of Chicago. At Argonne he designed and built several new reactors, including Experimental Breeder Reactor I, the first nuclear reactor to produce electric power, which went live on December 20, 1951. Pic.
||2000: The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.


||2005 – YouTube is launched by a group of college students, eventually becoming the largest video sharing website in the world and a main source for viral videos.
||2000: Walter Henry Zinn dies ... nuclear physicist who was the first director of the Argonne National Laboratory from 1946 to 1956. He worked at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory during World War II, and supervised the construction of Chicago Pile-1, the world’s first nuclear reactor, which went critical on December 2, 1942, at the University of Chicago. At Argonne he designed and built several new reactors, including Experimental Breeder Reactor I, the first nuclear reactor to produce electric power, which went live on December 20, 1951. Pic.


||James Eells (d. February 14, 2007) was an American mathematician, who specialized in mathematical analysis. Pic.
||2005: YouTube is launched by a group of college students, eventually becoming the largest video sharing website in the world and a main source for viral videos.


|File:Rhizolith Group.jpg|link=Rhizolith Group|2009: Record attendance for Valentine's Day performance by [[Rhizolith Group]].
||2007: James Eells dies ... mathematician, who specialized in mathematical analysis. Pic.


File:Alice and Niles Dancing.jpg|link=Alice and Niles Dancing|2017: Steganographic analysis of famed illustration ''[[Alice and Niles Dancing]]'' reveals three terabytes of love letters between mathematicians [[Alice Beta]] and [[Niles Cartouchian]].
File:Alice and Niles Dancing.jpg|link=Alice and Niles Dancing|2017: Routine annual steganographic analysis of famed illustration ''[[Alice and Niles Dancing]]'' unexpectedly reveals "at least a megabyte" of love letters between Gnomon algorithm engineers [[Alice Beta]] and [[Niles Cartouchian]].


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Latest revision as of 19:29, 19 January 2022

  • 1404: Polymath Leon Battista Alberti born. Alberti will epitomize the Renaissance man: humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer.

    1404: Polymath Leon Battista Alberti born. Alberti will epitomize the Renaissance man: humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer.

  • 1744: Mathematician John Hadley dies. Hadley laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same. Hadley also developed ways to make precision aspheric and parabolic objective mirrors for reflecting telescopes.

    1744: Mathematician John Hadley dies. Hadley laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same. Hadley also developed ways to make precision aspheric and parabolic objective mirrors for reflecting telescopes.

  • 1855: Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.

    1855: Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.

  • 1876: Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.

    1876: Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray.

  • 1904: Engineer and inventor Charles William Oatley born. He will develop of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes.

    1904: Engineer and inventor Charles William Oatley born. He will develop of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes.

  • 1943: Mathematician David Hilbert dies. He discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry.

    1943: Mathematician David Hilbert dies. He discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry.

  • 1950: Physicist and engineer Karl Guthe Jansky dies. Jansky discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way while investigating sources of static that might interfere with radio voice transmissions, and is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.

    1950: Physicist and engineer Karl Guthe Jansky dies. Jansky discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way while investigating sources of static that might interfere with radio voice transmissions, and is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.

  • 1990: The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the Pale Blue Dot photograph of planet Earth from a distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles, 40.5 AU). Earth's apparent size is less than a pixel.

    1990: The Voyager 1 spacecraft takes the Pale Blue Dot photograph of planet Earth from a distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles, 40.5 AU). Earth's apparent size is less than a pixel.

  • 2017: Routine annual steganographic analysis of famed illustration Alice and Niles Dancing unexpectedly reveals "at least a megabyte" of love letters between Gnomon algorithm engineers Alice Beta and Niles Cartouchian.

    2017: Routine annual steganographic analysis of famed illustration Alice and Niles Dancing unexpectedly reveals "at least a megabyte" of love letters between Gnomon algorithm engineers Alice Beta and Niles Cartouchian.

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