Comics (nonfiction)

Two young Polish boys read a Polish edition of a Mickey Mouse Sunday colored supplement while standing among the ruins of a building in Warsaw. September 1939.

Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, cartouches, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. Size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing.

Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images.

Common forms of comics include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books.

Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comics albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, and online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century.

Comics is a medium used to express ideas via images, often combined with text or other visual information. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings.

By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin.

American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938.

Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century.

Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka.

Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.

The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books.

Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also for non-humorous works.

It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessinées for French-language comics.

In the News

• 

  Harvesting Algorithmic speech balloons from freshly enumerated Diagramaceous soil.

• 

  40 Peanuts in the Desert by Jesse Orion point the way.

• 

  Hello World, says Manga Hokusai.

Nonfiction cross-reference

• Cartouche (nonfiction)
• Graphic novel (nonfiction)
• Speech balloon (nonfiction)

Fiction cross-reference

External links:

• Comics @ wiki.karljones.com
• Comics @ Wikipedia