Artificial intelligence (nonfiction): Difference between revisions

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Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
== Central problems ==
The central problems (or goals) of AI research include:
* Automated reasoning
* Knowledge
* Planning
* Learning
* Problem solving
* Natural language processing (communication)
* Perception
* The ability to move and manipulate objects
General intelligence is still among the field's long-term goals.
== Approaches ==
Currently popular approaches include:
* Statistical methods
* Computational intelligence
* Symbolic AI
== Tools ==
There are a large number of tools used in AI, including:
* Search and mathematical optimization
* [[Logic]] methods based on probability and economics
== Interdisciplinary ==
The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, such as [[Computer science (nonfiction)|computer science]] and [[Mathematics (nonfiction)]], along with psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience, artificial psychology, among others.
The study of artificial intelligence was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence -- the sapience of ''Homo sapiens'' -- "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."
This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence -- issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and [[philosophy (nonfiction)|philosophy]] since antiquity.


== Ethical concerns ==
== Ethical concerns ==

Revision as of 11:37, 6 June 2016

Flowchart showing typical If-Then-Else-End structure.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines.

Description

It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior.

Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", in which an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.

John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.

Ethical concerns

HAL 9000 went insane and killed people.

Artificial intelligence has been the subject of tremendous optimism.

  • But AI has also suffered stunning setbacks.

Artificial intelligence has been the subject of fear (see, for example: HAL 9000, Y2K, The Matrix).

  • But these fears are not matched by actual experience.

In-Five-Years Ruben-Bollling.png

Nonfiction cross-reference

Fiction cross-reference

External links

General

News

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