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Sputnik 1 (/ˈspʌtnɪk/; Russian: Спутник-1 [ˈsputnʲɪk] "Satellite-1", or ПС-1 ["PS-1", i.e., Russian: Простейший Спутник-1, Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1, "Elementary Satellite 1"])[5] was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.[6][7]
Nonfiction: [[Sputnik 1 (nonfiction)|Sputnik 1]] (replica). National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.
Tracking and studying Sputnik 1 from Earth provided scientists with valuable information, even though the satellite itself wasn't equipped with sensors. The density of the upper atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit, and the propagation of its radio signals gave information about the ionosphere.
 
Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at about 29,000 kilometres per hour (18,000 mph; 8,100 m/s), taking 96.2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz,[8] which were monitored by amateur radio operators throughout the world.[9] The signals continued for 21 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October 1957.[4] Sputnik burned up on 4 January 1958 while reentering Earth's atmosphere, after three months, 1440 completed orbits of the Earth,[1] and a distance traveled of about 70 million km (43 million mi).
== In the News ==
 
<gallery>
File:Sputnik 1 Remembers.jpg|link=Sputnik 1 Remembers|Do you remember when the United States was no longer the most powerful nation on Earth? [[Sputnik 1 Remembers|Sputnik 1 remembers]].
</gallery>
 
== Fiction cross-reference ==
 
* [[Crimes against mathematical constants]]
* [[Gnomon algorithm]]
* [[Gnomon Chronicles]]
* [[Sputnik 1 Remembers]]
 
== Nonfiction cross-reference ==
 
* [[Spacecraft (nonfiction)]]
 
== External links ==
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1 Sputnik 1] @ Wikipedia
 
== Attribution ==
 
* By U.S. Air Force photo - http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil; exact source, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5932035
 
[[Category:Nonfiction (nonfiction)]]
[[Category:Machines (nonfiction)]]
[[Category:Photographs (nonfiction)]]
[[Category:Spacecraft (nonfiction)]]

Latest revision as of 05:53, 4 October 2020

Nonfiction: Sputnik 1 (replica). National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.

In the News

  • Do you remember when the United States was no longer the most powerful nation on Earth? Sputnik 1 remembers.

    Do you remember when the United States was no longer the most powerful nation on Earth? Sputnik 1 remembers.

Fiction cross-reference

Nonfiction cross-reference

External links

Attribution

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