Template:Selected anniversaries/July 4: Difference between revisions

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||1054 – A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
||1054: A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.


||1742 – Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671) Pic.
||1742: Luigi Guido Grandi dies ... monk, mathematician, and engineer. Pic.


||1776 – American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.
||1776: American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.


||1802 – At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
||1802: At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.


||1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
||1803: The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.


||1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
||1817: In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.


||1826 – Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence.
||1826: Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence.


||Sophus Mads Jørgensen (b. 4 July 1837) was a Danish chemist. He is considered one of the founders of coordination chemistry. Pic.
||1837: Sophus Mads Jørgensen born ... chemist. He is considered one of the founders of coordination chemistry. Pic.


||1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published In Brooklyn.
||1855: The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, ''Leaves of Grass'', is published In Brooklyn.


File:Henrietta Swan Leavitt.jpg|link=Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|1868: Astronomer [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.
File:Henrietta Swan Leavitt.jpg|link=Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|1868: Astronomer [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt (nonfiction)|Henrietta Swan Leavitt]] born. She will discover the relation between the luminosity and the period of Cepheid variable stars.


||1886 – The people of France offer the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.
||1886: The people of France offer the Statue of Liberty to the people of the United States.


File:Nakaya Ukichiro in 1946.jpg|link=Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|1900: Physicist and academic [[Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|Ukichiro Nakaya]] born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.
File:Nakaya Ukichiro in 1946.jpg|link=Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|1900: Physicist and academic [[Ukichiro Nakaya (nonfiction)|Ukichiro Nakaya]] born. He will create the first artificial snowflakes.


||Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (died 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline.
||1901: Peter Guthrie Tait dies ... mathematical physicist, best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline.


File:Havelock_and_Tesla_telecommunications_research.jpg|link=Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|1902: Judge Havelock and Nikola Tesla demonstrate [[Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|new data transmission protocol]] which functions as a psychological [[time machine (nonfiction)|time machine]].
File:Havelock_and_Tesla_telecommunications_research.jpg|link=Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|1902: Judge Havelock and Nikola Tesla demonstrate [[Havelock and Tesla Research Telecommunication|new data transmission protocol]] which functions as a psychological [[time machine (nonfiction)|time machine]].


||Émile Zuckerkandl (b. July 4, 1922) was an Austrian-born French biologist considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He is best known for introducing, with Linus Pauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
||1922: Émile Zuckerkandl born ... biologist considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He is best known for introducing, with Linus Pauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution.


||Jürgen Kurt Moser (b. July 4, 1928) was an award-winning, German-American mathematician, honored for work spanning over 4 decades, including Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations.
||1928: Jürgen Kurt Moser born ... mathematician, honored for work spanning over 4 decades, including Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations.


||Katharine Blodgett Gebbie (July 4, 1932 – August 17, 2016) was an American astrophysicist and civil servant.
||1932: Katharine Blodgett Gebbie born ... astrophysicist and civil servant.


||1934 – Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design that would later be used in the atomic bomb.
File:Leo Szilard.jpg|link=Leo Szilard (nonfiction)|1934: [[Leo Szilard (nonfiction)|Leo Szilard]] patents the chain-reaction design that will later be used in the atomic bomb.


||Włodzimierz Stożek (d. 3 or 4 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician.  He published numerous papers on the theory of integral equations, potential theory, as well as on many other branches of mathematics. Pic. – Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
||1941: Włodzimierz Stożek dies ... mathematician.  He published numerous papers on the theory of integral equations, potential theory, as well as on many other branches of mathematics. Pic. – Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.


File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1951: Physicist and engineer [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] announces the invention of the junction transistor.
File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1951: Physicist and engineer [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] announces the invention of the junction transistor.


||1961 – On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.
||1961: On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.


||1977 – The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit
||1977: The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit
 
|File:800px-Nebra_Schwerter.jpg|link=Weapon (nonfiction)|1976: Army research laboratories [[Weapon (nonfiction)|convert modern plowshares into ancient swords]].  Military contractors call technique "Astonishing breakthrough."


File:Joseph Weizenbaum.jpg|link=Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|1982:  Computer scientist and crime-fighter [[Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|Joseph Weizenbaum]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:Joseph Weizenbaum.jpg|link=Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|1982:  Computer scientist and crime-fighter [[Joseph Weizenbaum (nonfiction)|Joseph Weizenbaum]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] which detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
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||1986: Oscar Zariski dies ... was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.
||1986: Oscar Zariski dies ... was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.
||1990: Marshall Hall, Jr. dies ... was an American mathematician who made significant contributions to group theory and combinatorics.


||1992: Francis Perrin dies ... was a French physicist, Nuclear High-Commissioner - In 1972, he discovered the Oklo natural reactor.
||1992: Francis Perrin dies ... was a French physicist, Nuclear High-Commissioner - In 1972, he discovered the Oklo natural reactor.


||1990: Marshall Hall, Jr. dies ... was an American mathematician who made significant contributions to group theory and combinatorics.
||1993: Yvette Amice dies ... mathematician whose research concerned number theory and p-adic analysis. Pic: http://johnbcosgrave.com/archive/oxford.htm.


||1997 – NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
||1997: NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.


File:Leonardo Draws Clock Head.jpg|link=Leonardo Draws Clock Head|1998: Signed first edition of ''[[Leonardo Draws Clock Head]]'' sells for one and a half million dollars.
File:Leonardo Draws Clock Head.jpg|link=Leonardo Draws Clock Head|1998: Signed first edition of ''[[Leonardo Draws Clock Head]]'' sells for one and a half million dollars.
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||1998: Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
||1998: Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.


||Laurent-Moïse Schwartz (d. 4 July 2002) was a French mathematician. He pioneered the theory of distributions, which gives a well-defined meaning to objects such as the Dirac delta function. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work on the theory of distributions.  
||2002: Laurent-Moïse Schwartz dies ... mathematician. He pioneered the theory of distributions, which gives a well-defined meaning to objects such as the Dirac delta function. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1950 for his work on the theory of distributions.  


File:Deep Impact.png|link=Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2005: The [[Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Deep Impact]] collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
File:Deep Impact.png|link=Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|2005: The [[Deep Impact (spacecraft) (nonfiction)|Deep Impact]] collider hits the comet Tempel 1.

Revision as of 15:07, 25 August 2018

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