Snippets (math and computing)

Things to use or delete. See Snippets.

Graph coloring game

The graph coloring game is a mathematical game related to graph theory. Coloring game problems arose as game-theoretic versions of well-known graph coloring problems. In a coloring game, two players use a given set of colors to construct a coloring of a graph, following specific rules depending on the game we consider. One player tries to successfully complete the coloring of the graph, when the other one tries to prevent him from achieving it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_coloring_game

Lotka–Volterra equations

The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the predator–prey equations, are a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey. The populations change through time according to the pair of equations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra_equations

Klee–Minty cube

The Klee–Minty cube or Klee–Minty polytope (named after Victor Klee and George J. Minty (de)) is a unit hypercube of variable dimension whose corners have been perturbed. Klee and Minty demonstrated that George Dantzig's simplex algorithm has poor worst-case performance when initialized at one corner of their "squashed cube".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klee%E2%80%93Minty_cube

Browser machine learning

http://www.infoworld.com/article/3212884/machine-learning/machine-learning-comes-to-your-browser-via-javascript.html

https://tenso.rs/

http://www.infoworld.com/article/3216464/machine-learning/googles-deeplearnjs-brings-machine-learning-to-the-browser.html

Divergent series

Les séries divergentes sont en général quelque chose de bien fatal et c’est une honte qu’on ose y fonder aucune démonstration. ("Divergent series are in general something fatal, and it is a disgrace to base any proof on them." Often translated as "Divergent series are an invention of the devil …") N. H. Abel, letter to Holmboe, January 1826, reprinted in volume 2 of his collected papers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_series

Fuzzing

Fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing

Sturmian word

In mathematics, a Sturmian word (Sturmian sequence or billiard sequence), named after Jacques Charles François Sturm, is a certain kind of infinitely long sequence of characters. Such a sequence can be generated by considering a game of English billiards on a square table. The struck ball will successively hit the vertical and horizontal edges labelled 0 and 1 generating a sequence of letters. This sequence is a Sturmian word.

Bathtub curve

The bathtub curve is widely used in reliability engineering. It describes a particular form of the hazard function which comprises three parts:

• The first part is a decreasing failure rate, known as early failures.
• The second part is a constant failure rate, known as random failures.
• The third part is an increasing failure rate, known as wear-out failures.

The name is derived from the cross-sectional shape of a bathtub: steep sides and a flat bottom.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathtub_curve

Slack variable

Slack variable: In an optimization problem, a slack variable is a variable that is added to an inequality constraint to transform it into an equality. Introducing a slack variable replaces an inequality constraint with an equality constraint and a non-negativity constraint on the slack variable.

Impossible Puzzle

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_and_Product_Puzzle

Sorting algorithms

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg

"The Talk" (quantum computing)

• https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/the-talk-3