July 26

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  1502: Christian Egenolff born. He will be the first important printer and publisher operating from Frankfurt-am-Main.

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  1684: Mathematician and philosopher Elena Cornaro Piscopia dies. She was one of the first women to receive an academic degree from a university, and the first to receive a Doctor of Philosophy degree.

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  1894: Writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley born. He will be widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time.

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  1918: Emmy Noether introduced what became known as Noether's theorem, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.

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  1925: Mathematician, logician, and philosopher Gottlob Frege dies. Though largely ignored during his lifetime, his work influenced later generations of logicians and philosophers.

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  1941: Mathematician and academic Henri Lebesgue dies. He developed a theory of integration which generalizes the 17th century concept of integration (summing the area between an axis and the curve of a function defined for that axis).

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  1997: Mathematician and academic Kunihiko Kodaira dies. He did distinguished work in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, winning the Fields medal in 1954.

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  2000: Mathematician and academic John Tukey dies. He made important contributions to statistical analysis, including the box plot.