Template:Selected anniversaries/August 27: Difference between revisions

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||1783: The first experimental hydrogen-filled balloon left the Champs de Mars, Paris, unmanned, and reached 900-m altitude. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, Jacques A.C. Charles sent up a 13-ft (4-m) diameter hydrogen- filled balloon of rubber- coated silk. One of the spectators was the American ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin. The gas had been manufactured, beginning on 23 Aug 1783, by pouring 225-kg of sulphuric acid over half a ton of scrap-iron. Able to lift about 9-kg, it traveled 24-km in about 45 minutes. The balloon descended close to the little village of Gonesse, where frightened local farmers attacked it with pick axes and spades, leaving only torn remains.
||1783: The first experimental hydrogen-filled balloon left the Champs de Mars, Paris, unmanned, and reached 900-m altitude. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, Jacques A.C. Charles sent up a 13-ft (4-m) diameter hydrogen- filled balloon of rubber- coated silk. One of the spectators was the American ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin. The gas had been manufactured, beginning on 23 Aug 1783, by pouring 225-kg of sulphuric acid over half a ton of scrap-iron. Able to lift about 9-kg, it traveled 24-km in about 45 minutes. The balloon descended close to the little village of Gonesse, where frightened local farmers attacked it with pick axes and spades, leaving only torn remains.


||1784: James Tytler made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Ediburgh, Scotland. He exhibited his "Grand Edinburgh Fire Balloon" in the uncompleted dome of Robert Adam's Register House. It was barrel-shaped, 40-ft tall, 30-ft diameter, with hot air produced by a stove. He wore a cork jacket for protection, and sat a small wicker packing case below the balloon. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village. Tytler reported that the flight was "most agreeable with no giddiness" and that he "amused himself by looking at the spectators below." Four days later, a large paying audience saw it, but that flight was much less successful.
File:James_Tytler.jpg|link=James Tytler|1784: Apothecary and editor [[James Tytler (nonfiction)|James Tytler]] made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Edinburgh, Scotland. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village.
 
||1790: George Everest born ... geographer and surveyor.


||1850: Augusto Righi born ... physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism. Pic.
||1850: Augusto Righi born ... physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism. Pic.
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||1859: Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well.  “Colonel”  Edwin L. Drake drilled the first successful oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The drilling had reached 69 feet 6 inches, when a dark film floating on the water below the derrick floor was noticed.
||1859: Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well.  “Colonel”  Edwin L. Drake drilled the first successful oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The drilling had reached 69 feet 6 inches, when a dark film floating on the water below the derrick floor was noticed.


||1868: Henrietta Swan Leavitt born ... astronomer and academic.
||1874: Carl Bosch born ... chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.
 
||1874: Carl Bosch born ... chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1875: The element gallium was discovered by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. In an article in the Annales de Chimie in 1877, he said his search started 15 years earlier, but with inadequate resources. Even with a new laboratory (1863) he had no success until he realized he was using too little material, and in Feb 1874 started with 52 kg of a mineral from Pierrefitte mine. He finally isolated a tiny sample: “On August 27, 1875, between three and four at night, I perceived the first indications of the existence of a new element that I named gallium in honor of France (Gallia).” His first spectroscopic analysis of the tiny amount (he estimated 1/100 mg) of the prepared sample showed a previously unknown violet line at 417.0 indicating a new element.
||1875: The element gallium was discovered by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. In an article in the Annales de Chimie in 1877, he said his search started 15 years earlier, but with inadequate resources. Even with a new laboratory (1863) he had no success until he realized he was using too little material, and in Feb 1874 started with 52 kg of a mineral from Pierrefitte mine. He finally isolated a tiny sample: “On August 27, 1875, between three and four at night, I perceived the first indications of the existence of a new element that I named gallium in honor of France (Gallia).” His first spectroscopic analysis of the tiny amount (he estimated 1/100 mg) of the prepared sample showed a previously unknown violet line at 417.0 indicating a new element.
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||1876: Harry Egerton Wimperis born ... British aeronautical engineer who acted as the Director of Scientific Research at the UK's Air Ministry prior to World War II. He is best known for his role in setting up the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence under Henry Tizard, which led directly to the development and introduction of radar in the UK. He is also known for the development of the Drift Sight and Course Setting Bomb Sight during World War I, devices that revolutionised the art of bombing. Pic: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw52864/Harry-Egerton-Wimperis
||1876: Harry Egerton Wimperis born ... British aeronautical engineer who acted as the Director of Scientific Research at the UK's Air Ministry prior to World War II. He is best known for his role in setting up the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence under Henry Tizard, which led directly to the development and introduction of radar in the UK. He is also known for the development of the Drift Sight and Course Setting Bomb Sight during World War I, devices that revolutionised the art of bombing. Pic: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw52864/Harry-Egerton-Wimperis


||1883: Rube Goldberg born ... sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer.
||1883: Rube Goldberg born ... sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer. Pic.


||1883: Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change.
||1883: Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change.


||1896: Léon Theremin born ... physicist and engineer, invented the Theremin.
||1896: Léon Theremin born ... physicist and engineer, invented the Theremin. Pic.


||1898: John Hopkinson dies ... physicist and electrical engineer who worked on the application of electricity and magnetism in devices like the dynamo and electromagnets. Hopkinson's law (the magnetic equivalent of Ohm's law) bears his name. In 1882, he patented his invention of the three-wire system (three phase) for electricity generation and distribution. He presented the principle the synchronous motors (1883), and designed electric generators with better efficiency. He also studied condensers and the phenomena of residual load. In his earlier career, he became (1872) engineering manager of Chance Brothers and Co., a glass manufacturer in Birmingham, where he studied lighthouse illumination, improving efficiency with flashing groups of lights. Pic: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopkinson
||1898: John Hopkinson dies ... physicist and electrical engineer who worked on the application of electricity and magnetism in devices like the dynamo and electromagnets. Hopkinson's law (the magnetic equivalent of Ohm's law) bears his name. In 1882, he patented his invention of the three-wire system (three phase) for electricity generation and distribution. He presented the principle the synchronous motors (1883), and designed electric generators with better efficiency. He also studied condensers and the phenomena of residual load. In his earlier career, he became (1872) engineering manager of Chance Brothers and Co., a glass manufacturer in Birmingham, where he studied lighthouse illumination, improving efficiency with flashing groups of lights. Pic: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopkinson
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||1902: Meyer Lansky born ... American gangster.
||1902: Meyer Lansky born ... American gangster.


||1903: Miron Nicolescu born mathematician.
||1903: Miron Nicolescu born mathematician. Pic.


||1903: Physicist Rudolf Kühnhold born. He will research both sonar and radar,  often given credit for initiating research that led to the ''Funkmessgerät'' in Germany. No death date. Deutch Wiki: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_K%C3%BChnhold Pic: https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=172747&start=255
||1903: Physicist Rudolf Kühnhold born. He will research both sonar and radar,  often given credit for initiating research that led to the ''Funkmessgerät'' in Germany. No death date. Deutch Wiki: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_K%C3%BChnhold Pic: https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=172747&start=255
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||1910: Giovanni Schiaparelli dies ... astronomer and historian. Pic.
||1910: Giovanni Schiaparelli dies ... astronomer and historian. Pic.


||1913: Chemist Martin Kaymen born ... together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=martin+kamen
||1913: Chemist Martin Kaymen born ... together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. Pic search.


File:Norman F. Ramsey Jr.jpg|link=Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|1915: Physicist [[Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.]] born.  He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.
File:Norman F. Ramsey Jr.jpg|link=Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|1915: Physicist [[Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.]] born.  He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.
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||1924: William Bayliss dies ... physiologist who, in 1902 co-discovered the first hormone (with the British physiologist Ernest H. Starling). They found a certain chemical substance is secreted when food comes into contact with part of the small intestine. This chemical substance, which they named secretin, upon being carried by the blood to the pancreas, stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice, the most important of the digestive juices. They coined the word “hormone” based on a Greek word for “to set in motion.” Bayliss also studied the use of saline injections to counteract shock during surgery. He proposed the use of gum-saline injections for wound shock to saved many lives of wounded soldiers in WW I. Pic.
||1924: William Bayliss dies ... physiologist who, in 1902 co-discovered the first hormone (with the British physiologist Ernest H. Starling). They found a certain chemical substance is secreted when food comes into contact with part of the small intestine. This chemical substance, which they named secretin, upon being carried by the blood to the pancreas, stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice, the most important of the digestive juices. They coined the word “hormone” based on a Greek word for “to set in motion.” Bayliss also studied the use of saline injections to counteract shock during surgery. He proposed the use of gum-saline injections for wound shock to saved many lives of wounded soldiers in WW I. Pic.
||1926: George Brecht born ... chemist and composer. Pic (striking).


||1926: Kristen Nygaard born ... computer scientist and academic. Pic.
||1926: Kristen Nygaard born ... computer scientist and academic. Pic.
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||1929: Herman Potočnik dies ... rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics (astronautics). He is chiefly remembered for his work addressing the long-term human habitation of space. Pic.
||1929: Herman Potočnik dies ... rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics (astronautics). He is chiefly remembered for his work addressing the long-term human habitation of space. Pic.


File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|link=Marie Curie (nonfiction)|1934: [[Marie Curie (nonfiction)|Marie Curie]], French-Polish physicist and chemist dies. She conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, discovering the elements polonium and radium.
||1939: Östen Mäkitalo born ... engineer and academic dies ... Nordic mobile. Pic search.
 
File:Edmund Husserl 1910s.jpg|link=Edmund Husserl (nonfiction)|1938: Mathematician and philosopher [[Edmund Husserl (nonfiction)|Edmund Husserl]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]] based on transcendental consciousness as the limit of all possible knowledge.


||1939: First flight of the turbojet-powered Heinkel He 178, the world's first jet aircraft.
||1939: First flight of the turbojet-powered Heinkel He 178, the world's first jet aircraft.


||1945: Jan Sloot dies ... computer scientist and electronics technician. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=jan+sloot
||1945: Jan Sloot dies ... computer scientist and electronics technician. Pic search.


||1950: The BBC transmitted in Britain the first cross-Channel live television programme by microwave relay links celebrated the centenerary of the first cross-Channel telegraph by submarine cable. Although the working range for outside broadcast units of the time had been just 25 miles (40 km), a greater distance was made possible using a relay of microwave signals between five portable radio-link stations, able to send and receive microwave signals. Thus the signal was relayed 95-miles (153 km) for the two-hour programme originating in Calais, in Northern France, to London. The show presented the town of Calais "en fete", with a torchlight procession, dancing and a firework display from the Place de l'Hotel de Ville.
||1950: The BBC transmitted in Britain the first cross-Channel live television programme by microwave relay links celebrated the centenerary of the first cross-Channel telegraph by submarine cable. Although the working range for outside broadcast units of the time had been just 25 miles (40 km), a greater distance was made possible using a relay of microwave signals between five portable radio-link stations, able to send and receive microwave signals. Thus the signal was relayed 95-miles (153 km) for the two-hour programme originating in Calais, in Northern France, to London. The show presented the town of Calais "en fete", with a torchlight procession, dancing and a firework display from the Place de l'Hotel de Ville.
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||1962: The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA.
||1962: The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA.


||1977: Gersh Budker dies ... physicist and academic, specialized in nuclear physics and accelerator physics. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=gersh+budker
||1977: Gersh Budker dies ... physicist and academic, specialized in nuclear physics and accelerator physics. Pic search.


||1988: John Francis Riordan dies ... mathematician and the author of major early works in combinatorics, particularly Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis and Combinatorial Identities. Pic, book cover: https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Combinatorial-Analysis-Dover-Mathematics/dp/0486425363
||1988: John Francis Riordan dies ... mathematician and the author of major early works in combinatorics, particularly Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis and Combinatorial Identities. Pic, book cover: https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Combinatorial-Analysis-Dover-Mathematics/dp/0486425363
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File:Dennis_Paulson_of_Mars.jpg|link=Dennis Paulson of Mars|2017: ''[[Dennis Paulson of Mars]]'' wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show.
File:Dennis_Paulson_of_Mars.jpg|link=Dennis Paulson of Mars|2017: ''[[Dennis Paulson of Mars]]'' wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show.
File:Blue Foliage.jpg|link=Blue Foliage (nonfiction)|2019: Chromatographic analysis of ''[[Blue Foliage (nonfiction)|Blue Foliage]]'' "at least five new shades, possibly six" of the color [[Blue (nonfiction)|blue]].


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Latest revision as of 13:25, 7 February 2022

  • 1784: Apothecary and editor James Tytler made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Edinburgh, Scotland. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village.

    1784: Apothecary and editor James Tytler made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Edinburgh, Scotland. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village.

  • 1858: Mathematician Giuseppe Peano born. He will do pioneering work in mathematical logic and set theory.

    1858: Mathematician Giuseppe Peano born. He will do pioneering work in mathematical logic and set theory.

  • 1915: Physicist Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. born. He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.

    1915: Physicist Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. born. He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.

  • 1926: Chemist and composer George Brecht born. He will be a conceptual artist and avant-garde composer, as well as a professional chemist who will work as a consultant for companies including Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Mobil Oil.

    1926: Chemist and composer George Brecht born. He will be a conceptual artist and avant-garde composer, as well as a professional chemist who will work as a consultant for companies including Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Mobil Oil.

  • 2003: Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing 34,646,418 miles (55,758,005 km) distant.

    2003: Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing 34,646,418 miles (55,758,005 km) distant.

  • 2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show.

    2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show.

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