Template:Selected anniversaries/August 27: Difference between revisions
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||1574: Bartolomeo Eustachi dies ... (born c. 1510) ... physician and anatomist whose name is given to the Eustachian tube. This narrow canal between the ear and the throat was discovered 2000 years earlier by Alcmaeon, but Eustachi was the first to fully describe it, in a treatise on the auditory organ. He was also first to describe the adrenal glands, and to make detailed studies of the teeth, including the first and second dentitions and tooth anatomy. His series of careful illustrations of abdominal and thorax structures, the nervous and vascular systems, muscles and bones were prepared as 47 copperplate engravings, but only 8 accompanied his Opuscula anatomica (1564) in his lifetime. Sadly for medical science, over a century passed before they were all published, in 1714. Pic. | |||
||1783: The first experimental hydrogen-filled balloon left the Champs de Mars, Paris, unmanned, and reached 900-m altitude. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, Jacques A.C. Charles sent up a 13-ft (4-m) diameter hydrogen- filled balloon of rubber- coated silk. One of the spectators was the American ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin. The gas had been manufactured, beginning on 23 Aug 1783, by pouring 225-kg of sulphuric acid over half a ton of scrap-iron. Able to lift about 9-kg, it traveled 24-km in about 45 minutes. The balloon descended close to the little village of Gonesse, where frightened local farmers attacked it with pick axes and spades, leaving only torn remains. | |||
File:James_Tytler.jpg|link=James Tytler|1784: Apothecary and editor [[James Tytler (nonfiction)|James Tytler]] made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Edinburgh, Scotland. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village. | |||
||1850: Augusto Righi born ... physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism. Pic. | |||
||1857: Giacomo Luigi Ciamician born ... photochemist and senator of Armenian descent. Pic. | |||
File:Giuseppe Peano.jpg|link=Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|1858: Mathematician [[Giuseppe Peano (nonfiction)|Giuseppe Peano]] born. He will do pioneering work in mathematical logic and [[Set theory (nonfiction)|set theory]]. | |||
||1859: Petroleum is discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania leading to the world's first commercially successful oil well. “Colonel” Edwin L. Drake drilled the first successful oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. The drilling had reached 69 feet 6 inches, when a dark film floating on the water below the derrick floor was noticed. | |||
||1874: Carl Bosch born ... chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1875: The element gallium was discovered by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran. In an article in the Annales de Chimie in 1877, he said his search started 15 years earlier, but with inadequate resources. Even with a new laboratory (1863) he had no success until he realized he was using too little material, and in Feb 1874 started with 52 kg of a mineral from Pierrefitte mine. He finally isolated a tiny sample: “On August 27, 1875, between three and four at night, I perceived the first indications of the existence of a new element that I named gallium in honor of France (Gallia).” His first spectroscopic analysis of the tiny amount (he estimated 1/100 mg) of the prepared sample showed a previously unknown violet line at 417.0 indicating a new element. | |||
||1876: Harry Egerton Wimperis born ... British aeronautical engineer who acted as the Director of Scientific Research at the UK's Air Ministry prior to World War II. He is best known for his role in setting up the Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence under Henry Tizard, which led directly to the development and introduction of radar in the UK. He is also known for the development of the Drift Sight and Course Setting Bomb Sight during World War I, devices that revolutionised the art of bombing. Pic: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw52864/Harry-Egerton-Wimperis | |||
||1883: Rube Goldberg born ... sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer. Pic. | |||
||1883: Eruption of Krakatoa: Four enormous explosions destroy the island of Krakatoa and cause years of climate change. | |||
||1896: Léon Theremin born ... physicist and engineer, invented the Theremin. Pic. | |||
||1898: John Hopkinson dies ... physicist and electrical engineer who worked on the application of electricity and magnetism in devices like the dynamo and electromagnets. Hopkinson's law (the magnetic equivalent of Ohm's law) bears his name. In 1882, he patented his invention of the three-wire system (three phase) for electricity generation and distribution. He presented the principle the synchronous motors (1883), and designed electric generators with better efficiency. He also studied condensers and the phenomena of residual load. In his earlier career, he became (1872) engineering manager of Chance Brothers and Co., a glass manufacturer in Birmingham, where he studied lighthouse illumination, improving efficiency with flashing groups of lights. Pic: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopkinson | |||
||1902: Meyer Lansky born ... American gangster. | |||
||1903: Miron Nicolescu born mathematician. Pic. | |||
||1903: Physicist Rudolf Kühnhold born. He will research both sonar and radar, often given credit for initiating research that led to the ''Funkmessgerät'' in Germany. No death date. Deutch Wiki: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_K%C3%BChnhold Pic: https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=172747&start=255 | |||
||1909: Emil Christian Hansen dies ... mycologist who revolutionized beer-making through development of new ways to culture yeast. He financed his education by writing novels. Though he never reached an M.Sc., in 1876, he received a gold medal for an essay on fungi. In 1879, he became superintendent of the Carlsberg breweries. In 1883, he successfully developed a cultivated yeast that revolutionized beer-making around the world, because Hansen by refusing to patent his method made it freely available to other brewers. He also proved there are different species of yeast. Hansen separated two species: Saccaromyces cerevisae, an over-yeast (floating on the surface of the fermenting beer) and ''S. carlsbergensis''*, an under-yeast (laying on the bottom of the liquid). Pic. | |||
||1910: Giovanni Schiaparelli dies ... astronomer and historian. Pic. | |||
||1913: Chemist Martin Kaymen born ... together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. Pic search. | |||
File:Norman F. Ramsey Jr.jpg|link=Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|1915: Physicist [[Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. (nonfiction)|Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.]] born. He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks. | |||
||1921: Gérard Debreu born ... economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1924: William Bayliss dies ... physiologist who, in 1902 co-discovered the first hormone (with the British physiologist Ernest H. Starling). They found a certain chemical substance is secreted when food comes into contact with part of the small intestine. This chemical substance, which they named secretin, upon being carried by the blood to the pancreas, stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice, the most important of the digestive juices. They coined the word “hormone” based on a Greek word for “to set in motion.” Bayliss also studied the use of saline injections to counteract shock during surgery. He proposed the use of gum-saline injections for wound shock to saved many lives of wounded soldiers in WW I. Pic. | |||
||1926: Kristen Nygaard born ... computer scientist and academic. Pic. | |||
File:George_Brecht.jpg|link=George Brecht (nonfiction)|1926: Chemist and composer [[George Brecht (nonfiction)|George Brecht]] born. He will be a conceptual artist and avant-garde composer, as well as a professional chemist who will work as a consultant for companies including Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Mobil Oil. | |||
||1929: Herman Potočnik dies ... rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics (astronautics). He is chiefly remembered for his work addressing the long-term human habitation of space. Pic. | |||
||1939: Östen Mäkitalo born ... engineer and academic dies ... Nordic mobile. Pic search. | |||
||1939: First flight of the turbojet-powered Heinkel He 178, the world's first jet aircraft. | |||
||1945: Jan Sloot dies ... computer scientist and electronics technician. Pic search. | |||
||1950: The BBC transmitted in Britain the first cross-Channel live television programme by microwave relay links celebrated the centenerary of the first cross-Channel telegraph by submarine cable. Although the working range for outside broadcast units of the time had been just 25 miles (40 km), a greater distance was made possible using a relay of microwave signals between five portable radio-link stations, able to send and receive microwave signals. Thus the signal was relayed 95-miles (153 km) for the two-hour programme originating in Calais, in Northern France, to London. The show presented the town of Calais "en fete", with a torchlight procession, dancing and a firework display from the Place de l'Hotel de Ville. | |||
||1956: The nuclear power station at Calder Hall in the United Kingdom was connected to the national power grid becoming the world's first commercial nuclear power station to generate electricity on an industrial scale. | |||
||1957: Photojournalist Kenji Nagai born ... Nagai took many assignments to conflict zones and dangerous areas around the world. He was shot dead in Myanmar (also known as Burma) during the Saffron Revolution. Nagai continued to take photographs as he lay wounded on the ground, later dying from gunshot injuries to the chest. He was the only foreign national killed in the protests. | |||
||1958: Ernest Orlando Lawrence dies ... pioneering nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. He is known for his work on uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project, as well as for founding the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. | |||
||1962: The Mariner 2 unmanned space mission is launched to Venus by NASA. | |||
||1977: Gersh Budker dies ... physicist and academic, specialized in nuclear physics and accelerator physics. Pic search. | |||
||1988: John Francis Riordan dies ... mathematician and the author of major early works in combinatorics, particularly Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis and Combinatorial Identities. Pic, book cover: https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Combinatorial-Analysis-Dover-Mathematics/dp/0486425363 | |||
||1999: Enzo Martinelli born ... mathematician, working in the theory of functions of several complex variables: he is best known for his work on the theory of integral representations for holomorphic functions of several variables, notably for discovering the Bochner–Martinelli formula in 1938, and for his work in the theory of multi-dimensional residues. Pic. | |||
File:Mars 23 aug 2003 hubble.jpg|link=Mars (nonfiction)|2003: [[Mars (nonfiction)|Mars]] makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing 34,646,418 miles (55,758,005 km) distant. | |||
||2014: Jacques Friedel born ... physicist and material scientist. Pic. | |||
File:Dennis_Paulson_of_Mars.jpg|link=Dennis Paulson of Mars|2017: ''[[Dennis Paulson of Mars]]'' wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show. | |||
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Latest revision as of 13:25, 7 February 2022
1784: Apothecary and editor James Tytler made the first balloon ascent in Britain in a hot-air balloon at Edinburgh, Scotland. Before a small number of onlookers, the balloon rose to 350 feet in the air, travelled half a mile, and landed in Restalrig village.
1858: Mathematician Giuseppe Peano born. He will do pioneering work in mathematical logic and set theory.
1915: Physicist Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. born. He will be awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which will have important applications in the construction of atomic clocks.
1926: Chemist and composer George Brecht born. He will be a conceptual artist and avant-garde composer, as well as a professional chemist who will work as a consultant for companies including Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Mobil Oil.
2003: Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing 34,646,418 miles (55,758,005 km) distant.
2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars wins Pulitzer Prize for Best Reality Television Show.