Template:Selected anniversaries/August 12: Difference between revisions
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File:William Blake by John Flaxman c1804.jpg|link=William Blake (nonfiction)|Poet, painter, and printmaker [[William Blake (nonfiction)|William Blake]] dies ( | || *** DONE: Pics *** | ||
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||1452: Abraham Zacuto born ... astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian ... Pic REVIEW Wikipedia: page, tables. Pic not Wikipedia: https://alchetron.com/Abraham-Zacuto | |||
||1624: The president of Louis XIII of France's royal council is arrested, leaving Cardinal Richelieu in the role of the King's principal minister. | |||
||1810: Étienne Louis Geoffroy dies ... pharmacist and entomologist. Pic: page of insects. | |||
File:William Blake by John Flaxman c1804.jpg|link=William Blake (nonfiction)|1827: Poet, painter, and printmaker [[William Blake (nonfiction)|William Blake]] dies. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. Although Blake was considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, he is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. | |||
||1769: Johann Christian Martin Bartels born ... mathematician. He was the tutor of Carl Friedrich Gauss in Brunswick and the educator of Lobachevsky at the University of Kazan. Pic. | |||
||1831: Helena Blavatsky born ... mystic and author. Pic. | |||
||1848: George Stephenson dies ... engineer and academic. Pic. | |||
||1851: Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine. Pic. | |||
||1857: William Daniel Conybeare born ... geologist, palaeontologist and clergyman. He is probably best known for his ground-breaking work on marine reptile fossils in the 1820s, including important papers for the Geological Society of London on ichthyosaur anatomy and the first published scientific description of a plesiosaur. Pic. | |||
||1861: Eliphalet Remington dies ... inventor and businessman, founded Remington Arms. Pic. | |||
File:Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley.jpg|link=H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|1863: Confederate submarine ''[[H. L. Hunley (nonfiction)|H. L. Hunley]]'' arrives at Charleston, South Carolina by rail. A pioneering vessel, ''Hunley'' will later played a small part in the American Civil War, revealing the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. | |||
File:Joseph Lister 1902.jpg|link=Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|1865: Surgeon and scientist [[Joseph Lister (nonfiction)|Joseph Lister]] performs the first antiseptic surgery, using carbolic acid (phenol) as a disinfectant. | |||
||1885: Jean Cabannes born ... physicist and academic. Pic search maybe: https://www.google.com/search?q="jean+cabannes"+physics | |||
File:Erwin Schrödinger (1933).jpg|link=Erwin Schrödinger (nonfiction)|1887: Physicist and academic [[Erwin Schrödinger (nonfiction)|Erwin Schrödinger]] born. He will be awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics for the formulation of the Schrödinger equation. | |||
||1888: Bertha Benz, wife of inventor Karl Benz, made the first motor tour. Without her husband's knowledge, she borrowed one of his cars and with their teenage sons travelled 180 km to visit relatives for 5 days. She drove her sons, Richard and Eugen, 14 and 15 years old, in Benz's newly-constructed “Patent Motorwagen” automobile from Mannheim to Pforzheim She thus became the first person to drive an automobile over more than just a very short distance. This was a distance of more than 106 km (more than fifty miles). Distances traveled before this trip were short and merely trials with mechanical assistants. Pic. | |||
||1896: Hubert Anson Newton, usually cited as H. A. Newton, was an American astronomer and mathematician, noted for his research on meteors. Pic. | |||
||1900: Wilhelm Steinitz dies ... chess player and theoretician. Pic. | |||
||1900: James Edward Keeler dies ... was an American astronomer was an American astronomer who confirmed Maxwell's theory that the rings of Saturn were not solid (requiring uniform rotation), but composed of meteoric particles (with rotational velocity given by Kepler's 3rd law). His spectrogram of 9 Apr 1895 of the rings of Saturn showed the Doppler shift indicating variation of radial velocity along the slit. At the age of 21, he observed the solar eclipse of Jul 1878, with the Naval Observatory expedition to Colorado. He directed the Allegheny Observatory (1891-8) and the Lick Observatory from 1898, where, working with the Crossley reflector, he observed large numbers of nebulae whose existence had never before been suspected. Pic. | |||
||1901: Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld dies ... botanist, geologist, mineralogist, and explorer. Pic. | |||
||1906: Tedd Pierce born ... animator, producer, and screenwriter. Pic seach yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=tedd+pierce | |||
||1908: Ian Fleming born ... English spy, journalist, and author. Pic. | |||
||1914: John Philip Holland dies ... engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the US Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, ''Holland 1''. Pic. | |||
||1919: Margaret Burbidge astrophysicist and academic born. (Alive March 2019.) | |||
||1919: Vikram Sarabhai born ... physicist and academic, Father Indian space program. Pic. | |||
||1920: Karl Hermann Struve dies ... astronomer. In Russian, his name is sometimes given as German Ottovich Struve (Герман Оттович Струве) or German Ottonovich Struve (Герман Оттонович Струве). Herman Struve was a part of the famous group of astronomers from the Struve family, which also included his grandfather Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, father Otto Wilhelm von Struve, brother Ludwig Struve and nephew Otto Struve. Unlike other astronomers of the Struve family, Herman spent most of his career in Germany. Continuing the family tradition, Struve's research was focused on determining the positions of stellar objects. He was particularly known for his work on satellites of planets of the Solar System and development of the intersatellite method of correcting their orbital position. The mathematical Struve function is named after him. Pic. | |||
||1923: Boris Isaac Korenblum born ... mathematician, specializing in mathematical analysis. Pic. | |||
||1924: August Otto Föppl dies ... professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. He is credited with introducing the Föppl–Klammer theory and the Föppl–von Kármán equations (large deflection of elastic plates). Pic. | |||
||1925: George Wetherill born ... physicist and academic. He contributed to high-precision geochronology, radiometric chronology of meteorite and lunar samples, and numerical techniques for predicting the physical and orbital properties of terrestrial planets. Pic search tech: https://www.google.com/search?q=George+Wetherill | |||
||1927: Carl P. Pulfrich dies ... physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. Pic. | |||
||1935: Friedrich Schottky dies ... mathematician and academic. Pic. | |||
||1935: Leigh Van Valen born ... evolutionary biologist. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago. Pic. | |||
||1942: David Peter Robbins born ... mathematician. He is most famous for introducing alternating sign matrices. He is also known for his work on generalizations of Heron's formula on the area of polygons, due to which Robbins pentagons (cyclic pentagons with integer side lengths and areas) were named after him. Pic: https://www.maa.org/news/maa-establishes-a-prize-to-honor-david-robbins | |||
||1944: The first fuel-carrying PLUTO (Pipe-Line Under The Ocean) under the English Channel became operational supplying fuel from the Isle of Wight to Cherbourg for vehicles of the Allied forces in France. This over 70 mile pipe was laid in just 10 hours, and is one of the greatest feats of military engineering. The scheme was developed by A.C. Hartley, chief engineer with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, from an idea by Admiral Louis Mountbatten to relieve dependence on vulnerable oil tankers. Prototypes of the pipeline were tested at several locations starting in May 1942. Britain and the U.S. then produced sufficient pipe to eventually lay 18 pipelines between England and France pumping 781 million litres of fuel by VE day. | |||
||1946: Alfred Stock dies ... a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him. Pic. | |||
||1952: The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union. | |||
||1953: The Soviet Union detonated its first hydrogen bomb, in Kazakhstan. Eight days later, the USSR published (20 Aug 1953) news of the H-bomb test. The explosion, with a yield of 400 kilotons (about 30 times the power of the bomb dropped on Japan, 6 Aug 1945), came less than 10 months after the first U.S. bomb test, Mike, (1 Nov 1952) announced by President Harry Truman on 7 Jan 1953. Notably, the Soviet bomb was more portable than the U.S. device—small enough to fit in a plane, and be easily weaponizeable, though its size limited the amount of thermonuclear fuel and explosive force. It had their own “layer cake” design of lithium-6 deuteride and tritium fuel layered with uranium. The American test was designed for greater explosive power. | |||
||1955: James B. Sumner dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1958: George B. Pegram dies ... physicist who played a key role in the technical administration of the Manhattan Project. Pic. | |||
||1960: The U.S. launched the first telecommunications satellite, Echo 1, from Cape Canaveral, packed in a Thor-Delta rocket. At the altitude for low Earth orbit, above almost all of the Earth's atmosphere, the satellite was deployed and inflated with gas at low pressure to form a 100-ft (30.5-m) diameter spherical balloon made of metallized Mylar, 0.5 mils (12.7-μm) thick. Thus it is known as a balloon satellite, as originally conceived by William J. O'Sullivan (26 Jan 1956). Its orbit was at about 1,000 miles (1600-km). It was merely passive, to reflect microwave signals between points on Earth, similar to the way the Moon reflects light while the Sun is below the horizon. A commemorative stamp was issued 15 Dec 1960. Echo 1 remained in orbit until 24 May 1968. Telstar 1 followed 10 Jul 1962. | |||
||1964: Ian Fleming dies ... English spy, journalist, and author. Pic. | |||
||1973: Walter Rudolf Hess dies ... physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1973: Karl Ziegler dies ... chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1977: The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise. | |||
||1978: Fritz Laves dies ... crystallographer who served as the president of the German Mineralogical Society from 1956 to 1958. He is the namesake of Laves phases and the Laves tilings; the Laves graph, a highly-symmetrical three-dimensional crystal structure that he studied, was named after him. Pic. | |||
||1978: Gregor Wentzel dies ... physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and meson theory. Pic search yes: https://www.google.com/search?q=gregor+wentzel | |||
||1978: The ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) was launched. After completing its original mission in 1982, it was renamed the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) when it was gravitationally manuvuered to intercept the comet P/Giacobini-Zinner. On 11 Sep 1985, it flew relatively unscathed through the gas tail of that comet P/Giacobini-Zinner, at a speed of 21 km/sec at its closed approach of some 7,800-km downstream from the nucleus. The probe found a region of interacting cometary and solar wind ions, and encountered a comet plasma tail about 25,000 km wide. Water and carbon monoxide ions were also identified, which confirmed the “dirty snowball” theory proposed by Fred Whipple (1950). | |||
||1979: Ernst Boris Chain dies ... biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||1981: The IBM Personal Computer is released. | |||
File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1989: Physicist and inventor [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] dies. He shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the [[Point-contact transistor (nonfiction)|point-contact transistor]]. | |||
||1990: Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota. | |||
||1996: Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian dies ... a Soviet Armenian scientist, and one of the founders of theoretical astrophysics. He worked in the field of physics of stars and nebulae, stellar astronomy, dynamics of stellar systems and cosmogony of stars and galaxies, and contributed to mathematical physics. Pic. | |||
||2000: The Russian Navy submarine ''Kursk'' explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew. | |||
||2004: Godfrey Hounsfield dies ... biophysicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic. | |||
||2004: Anthony John Clark dies ... molecular biologist who was a founder of applying molecular technology to farm animals. Tracy, born in 1990, was the first sheep to produce large quantities of human protein, making 35g of the alpha-1-antitrypsin (used in treatment of cystic fibrosis) in each litre of her milk. Pic. | |||
File:Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter.jpg|link=Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (nonfiction)|2005: The ''[[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (nonfiction)|Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]'' (MRO) is launched. MRO contains a host of scientific instruments such as cameras, spectrometers, and radar, which will be used to analyze the landforms, stratigraphy, minerals, and ice of Mars. | |||
||2015: Jaakko Hintikka dies ... philosopher and logician. Hintikka is regarded as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. Pic. | |||
File:Dennis_Paulson_of_Mars.jpg|link=Dennis Paulson of Mars|2017: ''[[Dennis Paulson of Mars]]'' celebrates the twelfth anniversary of the ''[[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (nonfiction)|Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]'' launch. | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 12:04, 7 February 2022
1827: Poet, painter, and printmaker William Blake dies. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. Although Blake was considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, he is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work.
1863: Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley arrives at Charleston, South Carolina by rail. A pioneering vessel, Hunley will later played a small part in the American Civil War, revealing the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare.
1865: Surgeon and scientist Joseph Lister performs the first antiseptic surgery, using carbolic acid (phenol) as a disinfectant.
1887: Physicist and academic Erwin Schrödinger born. He will be awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics for the formulation of the Schrödinger equation.
1989: Physicist and inventor William Shockley dies. He shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the point-contact transistor.
2005: The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is launched. MRO contains a host of scientific instruments such as cameras, spectrometers, and radar, which will be used to analyze the landforms, stratigraphy, minerals, and ice of Mars.
2017: Dennis Paulson of Mars celebrates the twelfth anniversary of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter launch.