Template:Selected anniversaries/August 12: Difference between revisions

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||August Otto Föppl (d. 12 August 1924) was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. He is credited with introducing the Föppl–Klammer theory and the Föppl–von Kármán equations (large deflection of elastic plates).
||August Otto Föppl (d. 12 August 1924) was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. He is credited with introducing the Föppl–Klammer theory and the Föppl–von Kármán equations (large deflection of elastic plates).


||1925 – George Wetherill, American physicist and academic (d. 2006)
||1925:– George Wetherill born ... physicist and academic.


||Carl P. Pulfrich (d. August 12, 1927, drowned when his canoe capsized) was a German physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. Pic.
||1927: Carl P. Pulfrich dies ... physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. Pic.


||1935 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician and academic (b. 1851)
||1935: Friedrich Schottky dies ... mathematician and academic.


||Leigh Van Valen (b. August 12, 1935) was an U.S. evolutionary biologist. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago.
||1935: Leigh Van Valen born ... evolutionary biologist. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago.


File:George Ellery Hale.jpg|link=George Ellery Hale (nonfiction)|1937: Astronomer and crime-fighter [[George Ellery Hale (nonfiction)|George Ellery Hale]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]], based on magnetic fields in sunspots, which detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
File:George Ellery Hale.jpg|link=George Ellery Hale (nonfiction)|1937: Astronomer and crime-fighter [[George Ellery Hale (nonfiction)|George Ellery Hale]] publishes new class of [[Gnomon algorithm functions]], based on magnetic fields in sunspots, which detect and prevent [[crimes against mathematical constants]].
||1942: David Peter Robbins born ... mathematician. He is most famous for introducing alternating sign matrices. He is also known for his work on generalizations of Heron's formula on the area of polygons, due to which Robbins pentagons (cyclic pentagons with integer side lengths and areas) were named after him. Pic: https://www.maa.org/news/maa-establishes-a-prize-to-honor-david-robbins


||1944: The first fuel-carrying PLUTO (Pipe-Line Under The Ocean) under the English Channel became operational supplying fuel from the Isle of Wight to Cherbourg for vehicles of the Allied forces in France. This over 70 mile pipe was laid in just 10 hours, and is one of the greatest feats of military engineering. The scheme was developed by A.C. Hartley, chief engineer with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, from an idea by Admiral Louis Mountbatten to relieve dependence on vulnerable oil tankers. Prototypes of the pipeline were tested at several locations starting in May 1942. Britain and the U.S. then produced sufficient pipe to eventually lay 18 pipelines between England and France pumping 781 million litres of fuel by VE day.
||1944: The first fuel-carrying PLUTO (Pipe-Line Under The Ocean) under the English Channel became operational supplying fuel from the Isle of Wight to Cherbourg for vehicles of the Allied forces in France. This over 70 mile pipe was laid in just 10 hours, and is one of the greatest feats of military engineering. The scheme was developed by A.C. Hartley, chief engineer with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, from an idea by Admiral Louis Mountbatten to relieve dependence on vulnerable oil tankers. Prototypes of the pipeline were tested at several locations starting in May 1942. Britain and the U.S. then produced sufficient pipe to eventually lay 18 pipelines between England and France pumping 781 million litres of fuel by VE day.
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||1946: Alfred Stock dies ... a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him. Pic.
||1946: Alfred Stock dies ... a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him. Pic.


||1952 – The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.
||1952: The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.


||1953: The Soviet Union detonated its first hydrogen bomb, in Kazakhstan. Eight days later, the USSR published (20 Aug 1953) news of the H-bomb test. The explosion, with a yield of 400 kilotons (about 30 times the power of the bomb dropped on Japan, 6 Aug 1945), came less than 10 months after the first U.S. bomb test, Mike, (1 Nov 1952) announced by President Harry Truman on 7 Jan 1953. Notably, the Soviet bomb was more portable than the U.S. device—small enough to fit in a plane, and be easily weaponizeable, though its size limited the amount of thermonuclear fuel and explosive force. It had their own “layer cake” design of lithium-6 deuteride and tritium fuel layered with uranium. The American test was designed for greater explosive power.
||1953: The Soviet Union detonated its first hydrogen bomb, in Kazakhstan. Eight days later, the USSR published (20 Aug 1953) news of the H-bomb test. The explosion, with a yield of 400 kilotons (about 30 times the power of the bomb dropped on Japan, 6 Aug 1945), came less than 10 months after the first U.S. bomb test, Mike, (1 Nov 1952) announced by President Harry Truman on 7 Jan 1953. Notably, the Soviet bomb was more portable than the U.S. device—small enough to fit in a plane, and be easily weaponizeable, though its size limited the amount of thermonuclear fuel and explosive force. It had their own “layer cake” design of lithium-6 deuteride and tritium fuel layered with uranium. The American test was designed for greater explosive power.


||1955 – James B. Sumner, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887). Pic.
||1955: James B. Sumner dies ... chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate. Pic.


||George Braxton Pegram (d. August 12, 1958) was an American physicist who played a key role in the technical administration of the Manhattan Project. Pic.
||1958: George Braxton Pegram dies ... physicist who played a key role in the technical administration of the Manhattan Project. Pic.


||1960: The U.S. launched the first telecommunications satellite, Echo 1, from Cape Canaveral, packed in a Thor-Delta rocket. At the altitude for low Earth orbit, above almost all of the Earth's atmosphere, the satellite was deployed and inflated with gas at low pressure to form a 100-ft (30.5-m) diameter spherical balloon made of metallized Mylar, 0.5 mils (12.7-μm) thick. Thus it is known as a balloon satellite, as originally conceived by William J. O'Sullivan (26 Jan 1956). Its orbit was at about 1,000 miles (1600-km). It was merely passive, to reflect microwave signals between points on Earth, similar to the way the Moon reflects light while the Sun is below the horizon. A commemorative stamp was issued 15 Dec 1960. Echo 1 remained in orbit until 24 May 1968. Telstar 1 followed 10 Jul 1962.
||1960: The U.S. launched the first telecommunications satellite, Echo 1, from Cape Canaveral, packed in a Thor-Delta rocket. At the altitude for low Earth orbit, above almost all of the Earth's atmosphere, the satellite was deployed and inflated with gas at low pressure to form a 100-ft (30.5-m) diameter spherical balloon made of metallized Mylar, 0.5 mils (12.7-μm) thick. Thus it is known as a balloon satellite, as originally conceived by William J. O'Sullivan (26 Jan 1956). Its orbit was at about 1,000 miles (1600-km). It was merely passive, to reflect microwave signals between points on Earth, similar to the way the Moon reflects light while the Sun is below the horizon. A commemorative stamp was issued 15 Dec 1960. Echo 1 remained in orbit until 24 May 1968. Telstar 1 followed 10 Jul 1962.


||1964 – Ian Fleming, English spy, journalist, and author (b. 1908)
||1964: Ian Fleming dies ... English spy, journalist, and author.


||1973 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
||1973: Walter Rudolf Hess dies ... physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)


||1973 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
||1973: Karl Ziegler dies ... chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1977 – The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
||1977: The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.


||Gregor Wentzel (d. August 12, 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and meson theory.
||1978: Gregor Wentzel dies ... physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early years, he contributed to X-ray spectroscopy, but then broadened out to make contributions to quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and meson theory.


||1978: The ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) was launched. After completing its original mission in 1982, it was renamed the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) when it was gravitationally manuvuered to intercept the comet P/Giacobini-Zinner. On 11 Sep 1985, it flew relatively unscathed through the gas tail of that comet P/Giacobini-Zinner, at a speed of 21 km/sec at its closed approach of some 7,800-km downstream from the nucleus. The probe found a region of interacting cometary and solar wind ions, and encountered a comet plasma tail about 25,000 km wide. Water and carbon monoxide ions were also identified, which confirmed the “dirty snowball” theory proposed by Fred Whipple (1950).
||1978: The ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer) was launched. After completing its original mission in 1982, it was renamed the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) when it was gravitationally manuvuered to intercept the comet P/Giacobini-Zinner. On 11 Sep 1985, it flew relatively unscathed through the gas tail of that comet P/Giacobini-Zinner, at a speed of 21 km/sec at its closed approach of some 7,800-km downstream from the nucleus. The probe found a region of interacting cometary and solar wind ions, and encountered a comet plasma tail about 25,000 km wide. Water and carbon monoxide ions were also identified, which confirmed the “dirty snowball” theory proposed by Fred Whipple (1950).


||1979 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-Irish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
||1979: Ernst Boris Chain dies ... biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate.


||1981 – The IBM Personal Computer is released.
||1981: The IBM Personal Computer is released.


File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1989: Physicist and inventor [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] dies. He shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the [[Point-contact transistor (nonfiction)|point-contact transistor]].  
File:William Shockley.jpg|link=William Shockley (nonfiction)|1989: Physicist and inventor [[William Shockley (nonfiction)|William Shockley]] dies. He shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the [[Point-contact transistor (nonfiction)|point-contact transistor]].  


||1990 – Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota.
||1990: Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota.


||1996: Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian dies ... a Soviet Armenian scientist, and one of the founders of theoretical astrophysics. He worked in the field of physics of stars and nebulae, stellar astronomy, dynamics of stellar systems and cosmogony of stars and galaxies, and contributed to mathematical physics. Pic.
||1996: Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian dies ... a Soviet Armenian scientist, and one of the founders of theoretical astrophysics. He worked in the field of physics of stars and nebulae, stellar astronomy, dynamics of stellar systems and cosmogony of stars and galaxies, and contributed to mathematical physics. Pic.
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File:Vera Rubin.jpg|link=Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|1996: Astronomer and crime-fighter [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] computes the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, makes contact with [[AESOP]].
File:Vera Rubin.jpg|link=Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|1996: Astronomer and crime-fighter [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] computes the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion, makes contact with [[AESOP]].


||2000 – The Russian Navy submarine Kursk explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew.
||2000: The Russian Navy submarine Kursk explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew.


||2004 – Godfrey Hounsfield, English biophysicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
||2004: Godfrey Hounsfield dies ... biophysicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate.


||2004: Anthony John Clark dies ... molecular biologist who was a founder of applying molecular technology to farm animals.  Tracy, born in 1990, was the first sheep to produce large quantities of human protein, making 35g of the alpha-1-antitrypsin (used in treatment of cystic fibrosis) in each litre of her milk.
||2004: Anthony John Clark dies ... molecular biologist who was a founder of applying molecular technology to farm animals.  Tracy, born in 1990, was the first sheep to produce large quantities of human protein, making 35g of the alpha-1-antitrypsin (used in treatment of cystic fibrosis) in each litre of her milk.
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File:AESOP.jpg|link=AESOP|2017: [[AESOP]] re-broadcasts 1996 conversation with astronomer and crime-fighter [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] about the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion.
File:AESOP.jpg|link=AESOP|2017: [[AESOP]] re-broadcasts 1996 conversation with astronomer and crime-fighter [[Vera Rubin (nonfiction)|Vera Rubin]] about the discrepancy between the predicted angular motion of galaxies and the observed motion.
|File:Malady.jpg|link=Malady|2017:  Steganographic analysis of illustration of alleged supervillain [[Malady]] reveals terabytes of encrypted data, thought to be medical data stolen during [[crimes against mathematical constants]].


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Revision as of 08:13, 30 August 2018

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